A Comparison of Endonasal Dacryocystorhinostomy and External Dacryocystorhinostomy: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

Purpose: To assess the efficacy of endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) compared with external DCR.

Methods: A literature search was conducted in the PubMed database in March 2016 and updated in October 2017 and February 2019. The search strategy was designed to update the first Ophthalmic Technology Assessment on endonasal DCR from 2001 by identifying new peer-reviewed human studies reported since 2000 in the English language that compare results of endonasal DCR with those of external DCR.

Intraocular Lens Implantation during Early Childhood: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

Purpose: To compare the visual outcomes and adverse events associated with optical correction using an intraocular lens (IOL), contact lenses, or spectacles after cataract surgery in children 2 years of age or younger.

Methods: Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and the databases of clinical trials in February 2019, without date or language restrictions. The search resulted in 194 potentially relevant citations, and 34 were selected for full-text review.

Clinicians' Perspectives on Barriers and Enablers of Optimal Prescribing in Patients with Dementia and Coexisting Conditions.

Purpose: Patients with dementia experience high rates of polypharmacy, potentially inappropriate medication use, and adverse drug events. There is little guidance for clinicians on how to optimize prescribing for this population. Our objective was to investigate clinician-perceived barriers to and facilitators of optimizing prescribing for people with dementia.

The TiME Trial: A Fully Embedded, Cluster-Randomized, Pragmatic Trial of Hemodialysis Session Duration.

Background: Data from clinical trials to inform practice in maintenance hemodialysis are limited. Incorporating randomized trials into dialysis clinical care delivery should help generate practice-guiding evidence, but the feasibility of this approach has not been established.

Methods: To develop approaches for embedding trials into routine delivery of maintenance hemodialysis, we performed a cluster-randomized, pragmatic trial demonstration project, the Time to Reduce Mortality in ESRD (TiME) trial, evaluating effects of session duration on mortality (primary outcome) and hospitalization rate.

Monocanalicular Stents in Eyelid Lacerations: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

Purpose: To determine the efficacy and complication rates of monocanalicular stents in the setting of canalicular lacerations.

Methods: A literature search was performed in May 2018 in the PubMed database to identify all English-language reports of monocanalicular stenting to address canalicular lacerations. Studies that did not include at least 10 patients with at least 3 months of follow-up evaluation after surgery were excluded.

Serum Calcification Propensity and Coronary Artery Calcification Among Patients With CKD: The CRIC (Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort) Study.

Rationale & Objective: Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is prevalent among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and increases risks for cardiovascular disease events and mortality. We hypothesized that a novel serum measure of calcification propensity is associated with CAC among patients with CKD stages 2 to 4.

Study Design: Prospective cohort study.

An Online, Self-Directed Curriculum of Core Research Concepts and Skills.

Introduction: Existing scholarly curricula often underemphasize basic research skills and do not address the individual learning needs of residents, whose level of prior exposure to research concepts varies widely. A supplemental educational experience was developed to address educational gaps in a family medicine residency curriculum, including systematic exploration and interpretation of the medical literature, development and exploration of clinically pertinent questions, and development of residents' written communication skills.

Methods: A 2-week, online, self-directed research curriculum was developed.

Early sleep deprivation and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Background: This study aims to study prospectively specific sleep patterns and risk of ADHD after adjusting for potential confounders such as obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and methylphenidate use.

Methods: A population-representative sample of 514 Chinese preschool children was recruited when in kindergarten (K3). Parents reported on their socioeconomic status and children's sleep duration.

Durability of Benefits From Supervised Treadmill Exercise in People With Peripheral Artery Disease.

Background It is currently unknown whether 6 months of supervised treadmill exercise has a durable benefit on 6-minute walk performance, even after exercise is completed, in people with peripheral artery disease. Methods and Results A total of 156 participants with peripheral artery disease were randomized to 1 of 3 groups: supervised treadmill exercise, supervised resistance training, or attention control. Participants received supervised sessions during months 1 to 6 and telephone contact during months 6 to 12.

Invasive Colloid Carcinoma and the role of Ki-67 and HER2 - Two case reports.

Mucinous carcinoma (also termed colloid carcinoma) of the breast accounts for 1%-6% of all breast cancer and is considered to have a good relative prognosis. The most common mammographic appearance of pure mucinous carcinoma is a high-density mass with circumscribed margins and on sonographic examination an isoechoic round mass with circumscribed margins. We report 2 cases of invasive mucinous carcinoma, in which one patient showed an intermediate recurrence risk based on Ki-67 and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negativity, while the other showed a low Ki-67 recurrence risk and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive.

Anorectal tuberculosis as a chronic rectal mass mimicking rectal prolapse in a child-a case report.

Tuberculosis of the colon commonly involves the ascending,transverse, or sigmoid colon while rectal involvement in tuberculosis is uncommon and poorly characterized. We report a six-year-old male from Nepal who presented with abdominal pain and difficulty passing stool for two years. On per rectal examination, palpation revealed a circumferential rectal mass.

Steroid reservoir loss during removal of perforated Levonorgestrel 52 mg intrauterine device.

A 22-year-old G1P1 Caucasian female had hysteroscopic removal of a perforated intrauterine device during which the steroid reservoir of the intrauterine device was lost. Isolated steroid reservoirs are radiolucent on plain film radiography. We located the reservoir in the peritoneal cavity with magnetic resonance imaging and removed it via laparoscopy.

Differences in Diagnostic Criteria Mask the True Prevalence of Thyroid Disease in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: The reported prevalence of thyroid disease in pregnancy varies widely through the published literature. These discrepancies are due to differences in criteria for euthyroidism, nationality, iodine status, and gestational age at screening. As a result, currently, an accepted rate of prevalence does not exist for the various thyroid diseases in pregnancy.

Eliminating the need for routine monthly postdialysis serum urea nitrogen measurement: A method for monitoring Kt/V and normalized protein catabolic rate using conductivity determined dialyzer clearance.

Many dialysis machines can compute dialyzer sodium clearances at multiple time points during a dialysis treatment using conductivity. For a given treatment, the average dialyzer sodium clearance (K), when combined with treatment time (t), and the estimated urea distribution volume (V, usually based on either anthropometry or bioimpedance), can be used to estimate Kt/V, an important measure of hemodialysis adequacy. While this conductivity-derived value for Kt/V correlates moderately with Kt/V calculated from predialysis and postdialysis serum urea nitrogen (SUN) values (urea reduction ratio, URR), the ultrafiltration volume, and session length it is, unfortunately, not sufficiently accurate to replace URR-based Kt/V.

Differences in expectations of passing standards in communication skills for pre-clinical and clinical medical students.

Objective: Communication and interpersonal skills (CIS) are essential elements of competency-based education. We examined defensible CIS passing levels for medical students completing basic sciences (second-year students) and clinical training (fourth-year students), using five standard setting methods.

Methods: A 14-item CIS scale was used.

Elucidating the microRNA-203 specific biological processes in glioblastoma cells from comprehensive RNA-sequencing transcriptome profiling.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant intracranial adult brain tumor. Allelic deletion on chromosome 14q plays an essential role in GBM pathogenesis, and this chromosome 14q site was thought to harbor multiple tumor suppressor genes associated with GBM, a region that also encodes microRNA-203 (miR-203). This study was conducted to identify whole transcriptome profile changes associated with miR-203 expression by high-throughput RNA sequencing.

The housing first technical assistance and training (HFTAT) implementation strategy: outcomes from a mixed methods study of three programs.

Background: This paper discusses the initial testing of the Housing First Training and Technical Assistance (HFTAT) Program, a multifaceted, distance-based strategy for the implementation of the Housing First (HF) supportive housing model. HF is a complex housing intervention for serving people living with serious mental illness and a substance use disorder that requires significant individual- and structural-level changes to implement. As such, the HFTAT employs a combined training and consultation approach to target different levels of the organization.

Sevoflurane Protects Hepatocytes From Ischemic Injury by Reducing Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling of Hepatic Stellate Cells: Translational Findings Based on a Clinical Trial.

Background: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) data demonstrate that sevoflurane postconditioning improves clinical outcomes of liver resection with inflow occlusion, presumably due to hepatocyte protection from ischemic injury. However, mechanisms remain unclear. This study examines liver biopsy samples obtained in an RCT of sevoflurane postconditioning to test the hypothesis that sevoflurane attenuates hepatocyte apoptosis.

Applications of Augmented Reality in Otolaryngology: A Systematic Review.

Objective: Augmented reality (AR) is a rapidly developing technology. The aim of this systematic review was to (1) identify and evaluate applications of AR in otolaryngology and (2) examine trends in publication over time.

Data Sources: PubMed and EMBASE.

Improvement in Back and Leg Pain and Disability Following Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery: Study of 324 Patients With 2-year Follow-up and the Impact of Surgery on Patient-reported Outcomes.

Study Design: A retrospective review of a prospective, multicenter adult spinal deformity (ASD) database.

Objective: Our objective was to quantify the change in disability reported for patients with radiculopathy as compared with patients with back pain only following ASD realignment surgery.

Summary Of Background Data: Studies utilizing patient-reported outcomes (PROs) have shown that ASD patients suffer from significant pain and disability.

Study habits and academic achievement among medical students: A comparison between male and female subjects.

Purpose: Study habits of medical students contribute to better understanding learner achievement and success. This study examines the relationship between study habits, including gender and nonacademic factors that affect learning, to investigate their relationship with performance outcomes.

Methods: This study was conducted in March 2015 at the College of Medicine and Applied Medical Science at Taif University.