Spatial distribution and determinants of anemia among under-five children in Mozambique.

Worldwide, anemia in under-five children is a serious public health problem that causes significant morbidity and mortality. It also negatively impacts children's physical growth, focus, memory, and academic performance. Despite this, there is a paucity of up-to-date information on the spatial distribution and determinants of under-five anemia in Mozambique.

Preparation of sodium alginate and chitosan modified curcumin liposomes and study on the formation of protein corona.

Curcumin (CUR) is a polyphenolic compound extracted from plants with a wide range of pharmacological activities. However, the low stability and bioavailability limits its practical application. This work utilized the chitosan (CH) and sodium alginate (SA) to modify the surface of the liposome to improve the stability of curcumin.

Birth prevalence and determinants of neural tube defects among newborns in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Neural tube defects (NTDs) are complex multifactorial disorders in the neurulation of the brain and spinal cord that develop in humans between 21 and 28 days of conception. Neonates with NTDs may experience morbidity and mortality, with severe social and economic consequences. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the pooled prevalence and determinants for neural tube defects among newborns in Ethiopia.

Development and validation of a risk score to predict adverse birth outcomes using maternal characteristics in northwest Ethiopia: a retrospective follow-up study.

Background: Adverse birth outcomes are unfavorable outcomes of pregnancy that are particularly common in low- and middle-income countries. At least one ultrasound is recommended to predict adverse birth outcomes in early pregnancy. However, in low-income countries, imaging equipment and trained manpower are scarce.

Gender-based violence among women and girls in conflict-affected areas of Northeast Amhara, Ethiopia.

Background: Gender-Based Violence (GBV) is one of the major problems that women and girls encountered during the conflict between the Ethiopian federal government and the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF). However, there is a gap in evidence regarding gender-based violence resulting from the ongoing conflict in these areas. Therefore, this study assessed the prevalence of GBV and its contributing factors in the conflict-affected northeastern Amhara region of Ethiopia.

Geo-spatial analysis of high-risk fertility behaviors and child stunting in Ethiopia.

Background: The process of childbirth involves significant risks, particularly when certain high-risk fertility behaviors (HRFBs) are observed. HRFB of birth includes maternal age below 18 years or above 34 years at the time of childbirth, having a child born after a short birth interval (24 months), and having a high parity (more than three children). The majority of child stunting cases were linked to high-risk reproductive practices.

Advancing Innovation in Medical Presentations: A Guide for Medical Educators to Use Images Generated With Artificial Intelligence.

Multimedia learning theory suggests that the use of images in the classroom enhances both cognitive and constructive learning. Finding the appropriate images for medical presentations can be challenging due to copyright and privacy issues. Artificial intelligence (AI) image generation is a newly available technology that offers a great advantage to medical educators.

New insights into methods to measure biological age: a literature review.

Biological age is a concept that reflects the physiological state of an individual rather than the chronological time since birth. It can help assess the risk of age-related diseases and mortality and the effects of interventions to slow down or reverse aging. However, there is no consensus on measuring biological age best, and different methods may yield different results.

The Role of Different Modalities of Regenerative Therapies in the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction: A Global Survey and Global Andrology Forum Expert Recommendations.

Purpose: There is increased interest in regenerative therapies (RTs) to treat erectile dysfunction (ED). However, the need for society's guidelines has led to varied practices. This study aims to investigate current global practices, address the heterogeneity in treatment protocols and evaluations, and establish expert recommendations in clinical practice.

Artificial intelligence-enabled histology exhibits comparable accuracy to pathologists in assessing histological remission in ulcerative colitis: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression.

Background And Aims: Achieving histological remission is a desirable emerging treatment target in ulcerative colitis (UC), yet its assessment is challenging due to high inter- and intraobserver variability, reliance on experts, and lack of standardization. Artificial intelligence (AI) holds promise in addressing these issues. This systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression evaluated the AI's performance in assessing histological remission and compared it with that of pathologists.

Quality intrapartum care and associated factors in East Africa: multilevel analysis of recent demographic and health survey.

Background: The time during labor and delivery is crucial for the survival of both women and their infants, as complications that occur during this period can significantly increase the risk of morbidity and mortality. In developing nations, women of reproductive age and their infants are still at risk of morbidity and death from complications associated with pregnancy and childbirth. Morbidity and death from complications of pregnancy and childbirth can be prevented through the utilization of quality care during labor and delivery.

Electrolyte imbalance and liver function test abnormalities among pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum at Wag-himra zone public hospitals, Northeast Ethiopia, 2023: a comparative cross-sectional study.

Background: Hyperemesis gravidarum affects about 4.8% of pregnant women. It can lead to electrolyte imbalances and liver function disturbances, which may result in pregnancy complications.

Effect of short message service reminders in improving optimal antenatal care, skilled birth attendance and postnatal care in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Digital health has emerged as a promising solution for enhancing health system in the recent years, showing significant potential in improving service outcomes, particularly in low and middle-income countries where accessing essential health service is challenging. This review aimed to determine the effectiveness of short message services on focused antenatal care, skilled birth attendance, and postnatal care improvement in low and middle-income countries.

Method: Electronic databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane, and Google and Google Scholar were searched.

Global surgical simulation education, current practices, and future directions.

The traditional apprenticeship model of "see one, do one, teach one" is no longer considered the most effective approach for training surgical trainees. Key factors such as patient safety, increasing trainee numbers, and clinician workload pose significant challenges to surgical training. These pressures have led to the adoption of simulation-based education as an effective adjunct to clinical experience when training future surgeons.

Socioeconomic inequalities in high-risk fertility behaviors over time in Ethiopia.

Introduction: High-risk fertility behaviors (HRFB), including short birth intervals, early or late childbearing age, and high parity, are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Understanding the importance of socioeconomic disparity in HRFB and the factors influencing this disparity is essential to improve maternal and child survival, Accordingly, this study investigated socioeconomic inequalities in HRFB over time and its contributing factors.

Methods: We included a total weighted sample of 11,163 and 5,527 women aged 15 to 49 years from the 2005 and 2019 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Surveys, respectively.

Geospatial mapping to assess the distribution and determinants of zero dose vaccination status hot spots among children in Ethiopia using EDHS 2019: Spatial and geographical weighted regression.

Introduction: Zero-dose vaccine status refers to a child who has not yet received any childhood vaccines. Globally, zero-dose vaccination status is the major public health problem. In sub-Saharan African countries, among five children, one child did not access the vaccines.

Adherence to implementing physical distancing and other COVID-19 preventive measures and its barriers among adults in Arba Minch town, Southwest Ethiopia: A lesson learned from the pandemic.

Background: Globally, as of March 2024, the number of confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and deaths were over 774 million and seven million, respectively. Since there are no proven treatment in place against the disease, controlling strategy mainly rely on preventive measures. However, data on the extent of implementing physical distancing and other preventive measures during the pandemic of COVID-19 were inadequate in the study setting.

A Systematic Review of the Prevalence of Overactive Bladder in Women with Non-Urinary Tract Endometriosis and the Effect of Endometriosis Surgery on Symptoms of Overactive Bladder.

Introduction And Hypothesis: Overactive bladder (OAB) is characterised by urinary urgency, with or without incontinence, often accompanied by daytime frequency and nocturia, in the absence of urinary tract infection or other identifiable causes. Population studies estimate the prevalence of OAB at 12.8% (EPIC study), increasing with age, reaching up to 43% after age 40.

Magnitude and factors associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia among adult male patients visiting Wolaita Sodo University comprehensive specialized hospital southern Ethiopia.

Worldwide, in Africa and Ethiopia prevalence of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia among patients with lower urinary tract symptoms was 26.2%, 44.2%, and 33.

Microscopic changes in the multifidus muscle in people with low back pain associated with lumbar disc herniation.

Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a common degenerative condition causing low back pain (LBP) due to nerve compression. Previous studies show conflicting findings regarding the multifidus (MF) muscle's microscopic changes in LDH patients. So, this study aimed to compare the affected MF to the adjacent MF on the ipsilateral and contralateral sides in LDH patients and examined correlations with clinical features of LBP.

Time to recovery and its predictors among neonates undergone phototherapy at Comprehensive Specialized hospitals of the Northwest Ethiopia.

Phototherapy is the preferred treatment for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and has largely replaced exchange transfusions due to its effectiveness and safety. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the time to recovery and its predictors among neonates undergoing phototherapy at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Northwest Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Northwest Ethiopia. A multi-center institution-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted among 423 neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit between September 2019 and December 2023, at Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals of Northwest Ethiopia.

Excessive daytime sleepiness and its predictors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at central ethiopia.

Excessive daytime sleepiness is a common finding among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. However there is scarce data that shows the magnitude of excessive daytime sleepiness, & its association with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Hence, the study aimed to assess the prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness and its associated factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Wolkite University Specialized Hospital.

Human migration from the Levant and Arabia into Yemen since Last Glacial Maximum.

While a broad consensus about the first successful migration modern humans out of Africa seems established, the peopling of Arabia remains somewhat enigmatic. Identifying the ancestral populations that contributed to the gene pool of the current populations inhabiting Arabia and the impact of their contributions remains a challenging task. We investigate the genetic makeup of the current Yemeni population using 46 whole genomes and 169 genotype arrays derived from Yemeni individuals from all geographic regions across Yemen and 351 genotype arrays derived from neighboring populations providing regional context.