Exploring prevention and control mechanisms of youth substance use: a case of North Wollo and Waghimra, Northeast Ethiopia.

Background: Substance use among youths is a significant global and local issue. Youth who engage in substance use often experience various psychosocial, health, economic, and other problems. While governmental and non-governmental organizations in North Wollo and Waghimra Zones offer social services, their effectiveness in preventing and controlling substance use remains largely unstudied.

Biochemical profiles of patients with COVID-19 during the first and second waves in Ethiopia.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Nasopharyngeal swabs (NP swabs) were used for patients with COVID-19 who demonstrated serious clinical symptoms and disturbances in biochemical parameters. The biochemical profiles of these patients remain ambiguous and differ from wave to wave of COVID-19 infections.

Prevalence of Diabetic Foot Ulcer and Determinant Factors Among Adult Diabetic Patients Who Attend the Diabetic Follow-Up at Adwa General Hospital, Ethiopia, 2019: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background And Aims: Diabetic foot ulcers are the main complication of diabetes mellitus. There is limited information on the prevalence and factors of diabetic foot ulcers in Ethiopia, particularly to the study setting. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of diabetic foot ulcers and determinant factors among adult diabetic patients who attend the diabetic follow-up at Adwa General Hospital, Ethiopia, 2019.

Cervical Cancer Screening Practice and Associated Factors Among School Teachers in Bahir Dar City, North West Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background And Aims: Despite its prioritization by the World Health Organization, improving access to cervical cancer screening remains a challenge in Ethiopia. Educated individuals, particularly teachers, are viewed as key influencers in promoting healthy lifestyles among youth and can significantly contribute to cervical cancer prevention. However, there is a notable gap in research regarding cervical cancer screening practices among female educators in the studied region.

Trend and forecast of measles disease, in East Gojjam Zone, Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia, 2023: a crossectional study.

Background: Measles is a very contagious illness that can be clinically diagnosed and intervened quickly. It is caused by the measles virus Morbillivirus. The disease has a case fatality rate of 5% to 10% in the sub-Saharan region.

Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice towards rabies and associated factors among household heads in Welkait district, Ethiopia.

Background: Rabies is an important worldwide viral zoonotic disease with a high fatality rate and substantial socioeconomic losses. There is limited information about the community's knowledge, attitude and practice towards rabies disease in the study area. Therefore, this study was intended to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) and associated factors towards rabies among the community in Welkait district, Northwest Ethiopia.

T lymphocyte plasticity in chronic inflammatory diseases: The emerging role of the Ikaros family as a key Th17-Treg switch.

T helper (Th) 17 and regulatory T (Treg) cells are highly plastic CD4 Th cell subsets, being able not only to actively adapt to their microenvironment, but also to interconvert, acquiring mixed identity markers. These phenotypic changes are underpinned by transcriptional control mechanisms, chromatin reorganization events and epigenetic modifications, that can be hereditable and stable over time. The Ikaros family of transcription factors have a predominant role in T cell subset specification through mechanisms of transcriptional program regulation that enable phenotypical diversification.

Corrigendum to "Prevalence, drug susceptibility pattern and associated factors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection among prisoners in western Arsi zonal prisons, Oromia, South West Ethiopia".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.

Therapeutic controversies over use of antioxidant supplements during cancer treatment: a scoping review.

Background: Antioxidant supplements are widely used during cancer treatment to prevent oxidative stress, reduce treatment toxicities, and improve patient outcomes. However, current literature reveals significant gaps suggesting that antioxidants may protect both healthy and tumor cells from oxidative damage, thereby reducing treatment efficacy. It is for this reason that antioxidant supplements have become a source of therapeutic controversy.

Undernutrition and its predictors among tuberculosis patients in Southwest Ethiopia.

Background: Adult tuberculosis (TB) patients experience significant undernutrition globally, especially in developing countries. While some studies have explored the prevalence and factors influencing undernutrition in this group, comprehensive large-scale investigations covering diverse health facilities and populations are lacking. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of undernutrition and its associated factors among adult TB patients in public hospitals in southwest Ethiopia.

Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern, Predisposing Factors, and Outcome of Serratia Infection in Patients Treated at a Secondary-Care Hospital in Oman: A 5-Year Retrospective Study.

Background: has emerged as an important nosocomial opportunistic pathogen, often associated with serious infections. We investigated the antimicrobial resistance trends, predisposing factors, and infection outcomes associated with isolated in a secondary-care hospital in Oman.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at a secondary-care hospital in the northern region of Oman after receiving approval from the research ethics and approval committee of Oman.

Measurement and decomposition of education-related inequality in exclusive breastfeeding practice among Ethiopian mothers: applying Wagstaff decomposition analysis.

Background: Human breast milk, a naturally balanced source of infant nutrition, promotes optimal growth and health when exclusively fed for 6 months. Exclusive breastfeeding reduces common childhood infections, provides protection against some chronic illnesses, and contributes to achieving several Sustainable Development Goals. Despite its benefits, only 58% of Ethiopian women practice it, and the associated education-related inequality is not well documented.

Developing and disseminating an electronic penicillin allergy de-labelling tool using the model for improvement framework.

Background: Many clinicians feel uncomfortable with de-labelling penicillin allergies despite ample safety data. Point of care tools effectively support providers with de-labelling. This study's objective was to increase the number of providers intending to pursue a penicillin oral challenge by 15% by February 2023.

Machine learning approach and geospatial analysis to determine HIV infection, awareness status, and transmission knowledge among adults in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Background: HIV/AIDS remains a major public health challenge, in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In 2020, 16% of people living with HIV did not know their HIV status in SSA. Understanding the geospatial distribution of HIV infection, awareness status, and transmission knowledge is crucial for designing effective prevention and control strategies to end the HIV/AIDS pandemic by 2030.

Prevalence of emotional burnout among dietitians and nutritionists: a systematic review, meta-analysis, meta-regression, and a call for action.

Background And Objectives: Despite anecdotal evidence pointing to the high prevalence of job stress and burnout among dietitians and nutritionists, few studies have been conducted on this topic. Moreover, most studies are from Western countries. The objective of the current study, based on systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression, is aimed to provide systematically graded evidence to assess the prevalence of emotional burnout among dietitians and nutritionists across age, sex, and cultural backgrounds.

The relationship between preoperative anemia and length of hospital stay among patients undergoing orthopedic surgery at a teaching hospital in Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: Preoperative anemia in orthopedic surgery is linked to adverse outcomes such as longer hospital stays, higher rates of blood transfusion, and increased risk of death. Effectively addressing and managing this condition is essential for improving patient outcomes and shortening the length of hospital stays. In Ethiopia and other low-income countries, studies on preoperative anemia and its impact on the length of hospital stay following orthopedic surgery are limited.

Traumatic obturator dislocation of the hip associated with ipsilateral subtrochanteric femur fracture in a young adult: a case report.

Introduction: Traumatic obturator-type anterior dislocation of the hip with an ipsilateral subtrochanteric fracture is rarely encountered in clinical practice. This case presentation described a trauma patient with such a rare scenario.

Case Report: This paper reports a case of a 20-year-old Amhara ethnic male patient who had a traumatic anterior dislocation of the hip associated with an ipsilateral subtrochanteric femur fracture after a truck rolled over.

Clinical simulation practice and associated factors among nurse and midwife educators working at teaching institutions in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia: a mixed methods study.

Introduction: Simulation is defined as "the processes by which we are trying to achieve results approximating clinical practice as closely as possible." It is a technique for replacing or completing real-life experiences with guided experiences.

Objective: To assess and explore clinical simulation practice and associated factors among nurse and midwife educators working at teaching institutions in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.

Efficacy of vitamin D supplementation on the incidence of preeclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Preeclampsia is a severe pregnancy complication affecting 2-8% of pregnancies globally, contributing to substantial maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia, yet the efficacy of its supplementation during pregnancy in reducing preeclampsia incidence remains uncertain.

Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of vitamin D supplementation on the incidence of preeclampsia and related maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Depression, anxiety and associated factors among cancer patients in Africa; a systematic review and meta-analysis study.

Background: Depression and anxiety are the most common types of mental disorders among cancer patients. Many research studies carried out in African countries indicate that anxiety and depression are highly prevalent, but the results vary across regions. Thus, this study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence and associated factors of depression and anxiety among cancer patients in Africa.

The prevalence of anemia and the factors associated with its severity among children aged 6-59 months in Ghana: A multi-level ordinal logistic regression.

Introduction: Anemia is a significant health problem that has a profound impact on young children under the age of five. It can result in severe consequences, such as stunted growth, impaired cognitive and motor development, increased illness, and even death. In Ghana, anemia is the leading cause of child mortality, yet there is a lack of information available on the prevalence of anemia and the factors associated with its severity in children under five in the country.

Graveyard effects of antimicrobial nanostructured titanium over prolonged exposure to drug resistant bacteria and fungi.

Innovations in nanostructured surfaces have found a practical place in the medical area with use in implant materials for post-operative infection prevention. These textured surfaces should be dual purpose: (1) bactericidal on contact and (2) resistant to biofilm formation over prolonged periods. Here, hydrothermally etched titanium surfaces were tested against two highly antimicrobial resistant microbial species, methicillin-resistant and .

Modern-Day Management of the Dysglycemic Continuum: An Expert Viewpoint from the Arabian Gulf.

Prediabetes is the first stage of a continuum that extends through the diagnosis of clinical type 2 diabetes towards long-standing diabetes with multiple comorbidities. The diagnosis of prediabetes provides an opportunity to interrupt the diabetes continuum at an early stage to ensure long-term optimization of clinical outcomes. All people with prediabetes should receive intervention to improve their lifestyles (quality of diet and level of physical activity), as this has been proven beyond doubt to reduce substantially the risk of conversion to diabetes.

The evaluation of prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time among diabetic and healthy controls in Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a disorder of multiple etiologies characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion and/or insulin action. DM patients have a disturbance of hemostasis, leading to a prothrombotic state characterized by platelet hypersensitivity, coagulation factor disorders, and hypo-fibrinolysis. Therefore, the primary goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the pooled Standard Mean Difference (SMD) of prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) of DM patients in Africa.