Nanotechnology and Its Application in Dentistry: A Systematic Review of Recent Advances and Innovations.

This study looks at the clinical applications of nanotechnology in dentistry, with an emphasis on implantology, preventive care, orthodontics, restorative dentistry, and endodontics. Following PRISMA criteria and registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD 564245), a PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science search was conducted for studies from January 2014 to April 2024. The criteria were English-language research on nanotechnology in dental coatings, with a focus on clinical trials and observational studies.

Influence of Rurality on Oral Cancer Trends among Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) Member Countries-A Scoping Review.

Oral cancer is the general term used to describe cancers of the oral cavity and oropharyngeal region. These cancers are one of the leading causes of death in elderly residents within the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member countries in the 21st century. This scoping review was carried out to assess the influence of rurality on oral cancer trends and patterns among OECD member countries.

A systematic review of medical practitioners' retention and application of basic sciences to clinical practice.

Background: Medical education offers the foundational base for future healthcare professionals, with basic sciences playing a pivotal role in providing essential knowledge and skills for clinical practice. However, the long-term retention and application of this knowledge in clinical practice remain a significant challenge. This systematic review synthesised global evidence from diverse studies on the short / long-term retention and clinical application of basic sciences among medical doctors.

Medication management issues perceived by pharmacists and disability caregivers while supporting people with disability.

Background: Australia has a notable gap in guidance for pharmacists, caregivers and disability service providers in: (i) supporting people with disabilities (PWD) within the medication management cycle, (ii) understanding their obligations for providing high quality care, and (iii) preventing medication-related harm.

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify medication management issues for PWD from the perspective of disability caregivers and pharmacists when supporting PWD with their medication.

Methods: A qualitative study design using semi-structured interviews of pharmacists and disability caregivers was undertaken across six different states or territories in Australia.

The difficulties and solutions in operationalising a hybrid operating room.

As the population ages and grows, health services must evolve in ways to offer versatile patient care, whilst improving patient outcomes and maintaining long-term economic viability. A facility assisting in the provision of such healthcare is the hybrid operating room (HOR): a specialised suite allowing simultaneous radiological and surgical diagnostics and therapeutics in a single episode of care. Versatile and customizable, the HOR is utilised by a broad range of subspecialties in elective and emergency settings, including (but not limited to) vascular surgery, trauma surgery and interventional radiology.

Development and testing of the capacity of organisations for system practices scale.

Background: Systems change approaches are increasingly adopted in public health to address complex problems. It is important that measures of systems change be developed so that the effects of systems change on health outcomes can be evaluated. Organisational practices are potential levers for systems change.

The Psychological Impact of COVID-19: A Comparative Analysis of Pre-Lockdown and During-Lockdown Periods Among Saudi General Population.

Background: Prior research has revealed substantial psychological impacts of COVID-19 among the general population. However, there is a noticeable gap in studies addressing the enduring anxiety levels before and during lockdown periods of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: The study assessed and compared the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic before and during lockdown periods among the general population in Saudi Arabia.

Evaluating the tailored implementation of a multisite care navigation service for mental health in rural and remote Australia (The Bridging Study): protocol for a community-engaged hybrid effectiveness-implementation study.

Background: A dramatic decline in mental health of people worldwide in the early COVID-19 pandemic years has not recovered. In rural and remote Australia, access to appropriate and timely mental health services has been identified as a major barrier to people seeking help for mental ill-health. From 2020 to 2021 a care navigation model, Navicare, was co-designed with rural and remote communities in the Greater Whitsunday Region of Central Queensland in Australia.

Tobacco use and khat chewing among adolescents in Yemen: a large-scale school-based cross-sectional study.

Objective: The present study sought to assess the prevalence and determinants of tobacco use (cigarette smoking and shisha use) and khat chewing among Yemeni adolescents, and to evaluate their knowledge and attitudes toward these habits.

Methods: This school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 13 to 19-year-old students attending middle/high schools (both private and public) across five main cities in Yemen. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires comprising questions/items related to sociodemographic data, cigarette smoking, shisha use, khat chewing, and knowledge on and attitudes toward these habits.

Predicting oral hygiene practices through health behavior, perceived stress and self-efficacy in undergraduate dental students of Pakistan: a national survey.

Background: Dental students face the rigorous demands of coursework, which can lead to feelings of inadequacy and stress. These pressures can negatively influence self-efficacy and cause neglect in practicing healthy behaviors that encompass oral health. Identifying the associations of these variables with oral hygiene practices can help in the formulation of interventions tailored toward supporting young students.

Antibiotic misuse in neurosurgery: a threat to patient safety and surgical outcomes.

Inappropriate antibiotic use in neurosurgery poses significant threats to global public health. Infections in neurosurgical patients can lead to devastating consequences, complicated by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The CDC reports at least 2.

Clinical prediction rules for surgical site infection after minor surgery in general practice.

Background And Objectives: Surgical site infection (SSI) after dermatological surgery is associated with poor outcomes. Developing clinical prediction rules based on the predicted probability of infection might encourage guided prophylaxis and judicious prescribing. The purpose of this study was to develop a clinical prediction rule based on identified risk factors for SSI in a large general practice patient cohort.

Exploring the Association Between Physical Fitness (High Intensity and Low Intensity) and the Incidence of Temporomandibular Disorders: A Comparative Study.

Background: Temporomandibular joint disorders affect the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), masticatory muscles, and associated structures. Symptoms include TMJ pain, limited jaw movement, muscle tenderness, and referred pain. Physical activity can alleviate musculoskeletal pain.

Six vs 12-hour balloon catheter placement for the induction of labor: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objective: Balloon catheters have shown promising results in the induction of labor (IOL); however, evidence regarding the optimal time of balloon catheter placement is still lacking. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 6-hour placement compared to 12 hours.

Data Source: We conducted a comprehensive search through a search strategy across "Embase, SCOPUS, PubMed (via MEDLINE), and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL)" from inception until April 20, 2024.

Active deprescribing attitudes and practices in a large regional tertiary health service: a mixed methods study.

In this pilot study, we explored current attitudes and deprescribing practices of clinicians in a large regional health service through a mixed methods approach. Respondents included doctors, pharmacists and nurse practitioners, who outlined three themes including professional and organisational contexts, disconnect between goals and practices and factors influencing deprescribing.

Implications of the Cass Review for health policy governing gender medicine for Australian minors.

Objective: To summarize the key recommendations of England's independent inquiry into gender identity services for children and young people (the Cass Review) and to evaluate their relevance to Australian health policy.

Conclusions: The Cass Review's findings and recommendations have clear applicability to Australian health policy. As a matter of priority, Australian health authorities need to seriously engage with the Cass Review's findings and recommendations.

The Role of Neurosurgical Techniques in Management of Acute and Chronic Stroke: A Comprehensive Literature Review.

Stroke is a medical condition that results from a decreased or completely diminished supply of blood to the brain, and it is considered one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality globally. Stroke is categorized as ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, both of which demand prompt and particular timely intervention. This extensive review is done to investigate the precise management of acute and chronic manifestations of stroke in relation to neurosurgical interventions, ultimately providing a thorough analysis regarding indications, procedures, outcomes, and complications that are associated with it.

Safety and effectiveness of interference RNA (RNAi) based therapeutics in cardiac failure: A systematic review.

Background: Heart failure is a major worldwide health concern and leading cause of mortality. RNAi interventions hold promise for patients resistant to conventional drugs due to their off-target effects and lack of specificity.

Objectives: To examine the safety and effectiveness of RNAi therapeutics in treating heart failure.

Gender-affirming care through the lens of abnormal illness behaviour and abnormal treatment behaviour.

Objective: To describe the increasing number and changing demographics of patients presenting with gender dysphoria and provide an account of patient- and clinician-related factors which may have contributed to these changes. The concept of abnormal illness behaviours introduced by Pilowsky, and its extension to the concept of abnormal treatment behaviours by Singh, provides a framework for understanding healthy and pathological interactions between gender dysphoria patients and their doctors.

Conclusions: Abnormal illness behaviours driven by the reinforcing contingencies of gender-affirming care may explain, in part, the increasing number and changing demographics of gender dysphoria, as well as the increasing incidence of desistance and detransition.