CoCrMo nanoparticle induces neurotoxicity mediated via mitochondrial dysfunction: a study model for implant derived nanoparticle effects.

Toxicity associated with elevated levels of cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo) nanoparticles in total hip replacement (THR) patients has been a rising concern. Recent investigations demonstrated that these particles can induce polyneuropathy in THR patients. The current study aims to address a detailed molecular investigation of CoCrMo nanoparticle-mediated mitochondrial dynamics using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons (iPSC neurons).

Rapid, Tailored Dietary and Health Education Through A Social Media Chatbot Microintervention: Development and Usability Study With Practical Recommendations.

Background: There is an urgent need to innovate methods of health education, which can often be resource- and time-intensive. Microinterventions have shown promise as a platform for rapid, tailored resource dissemination yet have been underexplored as a method of standardized health or dietary education; social media chatbots display unique potential as a modality for accessible, efficient, and affordable educational microinterventions.

Objective: This study aims to provide public health professionals with practical recommendations on the use of social media chatbots for health education by (1) documenting the development of a novel social media chatbot intervention aimed at improving dietary attitudes and self-efficacy among South Asian American young adults and (2) describing the applied experiences of implementing the chatbot, along with user experience and engagement data.

Investigating mechanical properties for developing a human infant cranial bone surrogate in pediatric craniofacial surgery.

Beyond the surgeon's feedback on bone behavior in the operating room, there is a paucity of data present in the literature on the mechanical properties of pediatric calvarial bone. The present study tested the calvarial bone of four species (Adult Humans, Dog, Pig, and Monkey) to find the mechanical properties. Three types of tests were performed; flexural, compression, and torsion to mimic how bone is handled during the surgery and the results were further compared with the existing published data for human pediatric calvarium.

Presumed tuberculosis spondylitis with sternal involvement.

Tuberculosis Spondylitis, also known as Pott's Disease, is an extrapulmonary form of tuberculosis (TB) that affects the spine. Sternal involvement is rare and accounts for only 0.3 % of cases.

Repurposing metformin: A potential off-label indication for ischaemic stroke?

The term 'clinical cemetery' is frequently used to characterize ischaemic stroke, one of the leading causes of mortality and long-term morbidity globally. Over the past two decades, a number of novel therapies have been investigated for ischaemic stroke. However, aside from mechanical thrombectomy, the only FDA-approved prescription for treating ischaemic stroke is tissue plasminogen activator, which has a limited therapeutic period.

Key themes of community-oriented primary care projects from a longitudinal, rural interprofessional health professions curriculum (1997-2023).

Background: The Community Oriented Primary Care Project Model (COPC) has been well studied globally as well as in the United States as a way to provide both community-centered primary care and to engage in community based research. Rural trainees through the University of Illinois College of Medicine's Rural Medical Education Program (RMED) and Rural Pharmacy Education Program (RPHARM) students through the University of Illinois Chicago College of Pharmacy have participated in a COPC project as a capstone to a four month longitudinal, immersive community-based experience in a rural primary care setting. The purpose of this study was to assess the type of projects implemented through a rural health professions curriculum over a 30 year project period.

Practice outcomes for the first decade of Rural Pharmacy Education (RPHARM) Program graduates.

Background: The maldistribution of pharmacy services in underserved areas is a national issue. Analysis of data from the 2019 National Pharmacist Workforce Study indicated that 13.9% of pharmacists were working in a rural community.

Laryngopharyngeal reflux diagnosis: Factors associated with patient satisfaction.

Purpose: To examine the patient experience of laryngopharyngeal reflux diagnosis and factors that contributed to perceived difficulty with the process.

Materials And Methods: A 32-question anonymous survey was administered to individuals over 18 years old who reported a diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux. The survey contained questions regarding demographics and individuals' experiences during the diagnostic workup along with the generic short patient experiences questionnaire.

Sagittal spinopelvic alignment in ambulatory persons with cerebral palsy.

Purpose: This study aimed to describe the spinopelvic alignment of a cohort of young ambulatory individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) and compare it to published spinopelvic alignment data for the typically developing adolescents.

Methods: Thirty-seven adolescents (18 females) with CP at GMFCS I-III were included in this retrospective case series. Lumbar lordosis and pelvic incidence were measured, and their mismatch was calculated.

Ischemic stroke and diabetes: a TLR4-mediated neuroinflammatory perspective.

Ischemic stroke is the major contributor to morbidity and mortality in people with diabetes mellitus. In ischemic stroke patients, neuroinflammation is now understood to be one of the main underlying mechanisms for cerebral damage and recovery delay. It has been well-established that toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway plays a key role in neuroinflammation.

The Role of Cortisol in Chronic Stress, Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Psychological Disorders.

Cortisol, a critical glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal glands, plays a pivotal role in various physiological processes. Its release is finely orchestrated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus, governing the circadian rhythm and activating the intricate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, a vital neuroendocrine system responsible for stress response and maintaining homeostasis. Disruptions in cortisol regulation due to chronic stress, disease, and aging have profound implications for multiple bodily systems.

COVID-19 Vaccine Policy Implementation and Differential Vaccine Uptake Trajectories in Chicago Communities.

Background: Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, multiple public health interventions have been implemented to respond to the rapidly evolving pandemic and community needs. This article describes the scope, timing, and impact of coordinated strategies for COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Chicago for the first year of vaccine distribution.

Methods: Using a series of interviews with public health officials and leaders of community-based organizations (CBOs) who participated in the implementation of the citywide COVID-19 vaccine outreach initiatives, we constructed a timeline of vaccine outreach initiatives.

Federally Funded Randomized Controlled Trials Increase Analysis and Reporting of Study Outcomes by Sex, Race, and Ethnicity.

We previously examined National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in 2004, 2009, and 2015 and found low compliance with NIH policies on inclusion, analysis, and reporting results for female and minoritized subgroups, with no improvement over time. We conducted a fourth wave of data collection using RCTs published in 2021, comparing current results with previous years. The authors used PubMed to find 657 RCTs published in print in 14 leading US medical journals in 2021.

The Role of a Local Health Department in Advancing Health Equity: Universal Postpartum Home Visiting in a Large Urban Setting.

Introduction: Racial and ethnic inequities persist among birthing families in urban U.S. communities, despite public health efforts to improve outcomes.

Liver-X-receptor agonists rescue axonal degeneration in SPG11-deficient neurons via regulating cholesterol trafficking.

Spastic paraplegia type 11 (SPG11) is a common autosomal recessive form of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) characterized by the degeneration of cortical motor neuron axons, leading to muscle spasticity and weakness. Impaired lipid trafficking is an emerging pathology in neurodegenerative diseases including SPG11, though its role in axonal degeneration of human SPG11 neurons remains unknown. Here, we established a pluripotent stem cell-based SPG11 model by knocking down the SPG11 gene in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs).

Creating and Implementing a Community Engagement Strategy for the 2022-2027 Illinois Comprehensive Cancer Control Plan Through an Academic-State Public Health Department Partnership.

Introduction: Comprehensive cancer control (CCC) plans are state-level blueprints that identify regional cancer priorities and health equity strategies. Coalitions are encouraged to engage with community members, advocacy groups, people representing multiple sectors, and working partners throughout the development process. We describe the community and legislative engagement strategy developed and implemented during 2020-2022 for the 2022-2027 Illinois CCC plan.

Toll-like Receptor 4 Inflammatory Perspective on Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity.

Doxorubicin (Dox) is one of the most frequently used chemotherapeutic drugs in a variety of cancers, but Dox-induced cardiotoxicity diminishes its therapeutic efficacy. The underlying mechanisms of Dox-induced cardiotoxicity are still not fully understood. More significantly, there are no established therapeutic guidelines for Dox-induced cardiotoxicity.

Grounded in reality: artificial intelligence in medical education.

Background: In a recent survey, medical students expressed eagerness to acquire competencies in the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine. It is time that undergraduate medical education takes the lead in helping students develop these competencies. We propose a solution that integrates competency-driven AI instruction in medical school curriculum.