Eculizumab for Shiga-toxin-induced hemolytic uremic syndrome in adults with neurological involvement.

The role of eculizumab in treating Shiga-toxin-producing (STEC) hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) patients with neurological involvement remains unclear. We describe two distinctly different STEC-HUS patients with neurologic involvement successfully managed with eculizumab, and perform a literature review of all published cases. Both patients had complete resolution of neurological symptoms after initiation of eculizumab.

Achieving an Optimal Outcome After Stage 1 Palliation for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome and Variants: Frequency, Associated Factors, and Subsequent Outcomes.

Background: We sought to measure frequency of achieving an optimal outcome after stage 1 palliation (S1P) for hypoplastic left heart syndrome and variants, determine factors associated with optimal outcomes, and compare outcomes after stage 2 palliation (S2P) using the National Pediatric Cardiology Quality Improvement Collaborative database (2008-2016).

Methods And Results: This is a retrospective cohort study with optimal outcome defined a priori as meeting all of the following: (1) discharge after S1P in <19 days (top quartile), (2) no red flag or major event readmissions before S2P, and (3) performing S2P between 90 and 240 days of age. Optimal outcome was achieved in 256 of 2182 patients (11.

How to be a good reviewer: A step-by-step guide for approaching peer review of a scientific manuscript.

Objectives: The peer review process is critical to maintaining quality, reliability, novelty, and innovation in the scientific literature. However, the teaching of scientific peer review is rarely a component of formal scientific or clinical training, and even the most experienced peer reviewers express interest in continuing education. The objective of this review article is to summarize the collective perspectives of experienced journal editors about how to be a good reviewer in a step-by-step guide that can serve as a resource for the performance of peer review of a scientific manuscript.

Assessment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: Development of the Nasal Polyp Patient Assessment Scoring Sheet tool.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous disorder with a wide range of validated subjective and objective assessment tools to assess disease severity. However, a comprehensive and easy-to-use tool that integrates these measures for determining disease severity and response to treatment is still obscure. The objective of this study was to develop a standardized assessment tool that facilitates diagnosis, uniform patient monitoring, and comparison of treatment outcomes between different centers both in routine clinical practice and in research.

Validity evidence for a team-leading assessment tool in pediatric emergency resuscitations using video review.

Background: Effective leadership of health care action teams has demonstrated positive influence on team performance and patient care, but there is no consensus on how to assess these skills. We developed a novel team leadership assessment tool for leaders of interprofessional pediatric resuscitation teams and collected validity evidence for this tool using video review.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study from November 2021 to October 2022.

Bias between capnometry and venous carbon dioxide during initial assessment of pediatric emergency department patients: A video-based study.

Objective: The bias of capnometry (ETCO) and venous carbon dioxide (vpCO) among pediatric emergency department (PED) patients triaged to critical care areas is unknown. We aimed to explore correlations and bias between ETCO and vpCO¸and identify predictors of bias.

Methods: This was an observational, video-based, retrospective study comparing ETCO and vpCO.

Building a regional pediatric asthma learning health system in support of optimal, equitable outcomes.

Introduction: Asthma is characterized by preventable morbidity, cost, and inequity. We sought to build an Asthma Learning Health System (ALHS) to coordinate regional pediatric asthma improvement activities.

Methods: We generated quantitative and qualitative insights pertinent to a better, more equitable care delivery system.

Time-varying associations of gestational and childhood triclosan with pubertal and adrenarchal outcomes in early adolescence.

Background: Triclosan is an endocrine-disrupting chemical, but associations with pubertal outcomes remain unclear. We examined associations of gestational and childhood triclosan with adolescent hormone concentrations and pubertal stage.

Methods: We quantified urinary triclosan concentrations twice during pregnancy and seven times between birth and 12 years in participants recruited from Cincinnati, OH (2003-2006).

Health Factors Associated With Development and Severity of Poststroke Dysphagia: An Epidemiological Investigation.

Background: Dysphagia after stroke is common and can impact morbidity and death. The purpose of this population-based study was to determine specific epidemiological and health risk factors that impact development of dysphagia after acute stroke.

Methods And Results: Ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke cases from 2010 and 2015 were identified via chart review from the GCNKSS (Greater Cincinnati Northern Kentucky Stroke Study), a representative sample of ≈1.

The cavernous sinus: An anatomic study with clinical implication.

Objective: The management of lesions involving the cavernous sinus remains a formidable challenge. To optimize care for patients with tumors extending into this skull base region a detailed understanding of the surrounding osteology as well as neural and vascular relationships is requisite. This thesis examines the gross anatomy of the region and highlights important surgical implications drawn from these as well as previously published studies.

Intra-arrest blood-based biomarkers for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A scoping review.

Objective: Blood-based biomarkers play a central role in the diagnosis and treatment of critically ill patients, yet none are routinely measured during the intra-arrest phase of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Our objective was to describe methodological aspects, sources of evidence, and gaps in research surrounding intra-arrest blood-based biomarkers for OHCA.

Methods: We used scoping review methodology to summarize existing literature.

Uncovering an undisclosed diagnosis: a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency diagnosis in a critically ill adult.

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency affects over 400 million people worldwide. The most common variant of G6PD deficiency in the United States is the A-variant, which is present amongst African-Americans. Most people with this variant, however, do not experience severe hemolysis unless under extreme circumstances.

The effect of transfusion on survival in head and neck cancer after free tissue reconstruction.

Objective: To examine if perioperative blood transfusion affects overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in head and neck cancer patients who undergo free tissue reconstruction.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: The medical records of free tissue flaps between 2007 and 2010 were reviewed.

A scoping review of Rasch analysis and item response theory in otolaryngology: Implications and future possibilities.

Objective: Item response theory (IRT) is a methodological approach to studying the psychometric performance of outcome measures. This study aims to determine and summarize the use of IRT in otolaryngological scientific literature.

Methods: A systematic search of the Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases was performed for original English-language published studies indexed up to January 28, 2023, per the following search strategy: ("item response theory" OR "irt" OR "rasch" OR "latent trait theory" OR "modern mental test theory") AND ("ent" OR "otorhinolaryngology" OR "ear" OR "nose" OR "throat" OR "otology" OR "audiology" OR "rhinology" OR "laryngology" OR "neurotology" OR "facial plastic surgery").

Neuroinflammation underlies the development of social stress induced cognitive deficit in sickle cell disease.

Cognitive deficit is a debilitating complication of SCD with multifactorial pathobiology. Here we show that neuroinflammation and dysregulation in lipidomics and transcriptomics profiles are major underlying mechanisms of social stress-induced cognitive deficit in SCD. Townes sickle cell (SS) mice and controls (AA) were exposed to social stress using the repeat social defeat (RSD) paradigm concurrently with or without treatment with minocycline.

Screening for problematic opioid use in the emergency department: Comparison of two screening measures.

Study Objective: Earlier intervention for opioid use disorder (OUD) may reduce long-term health implications. Emergency departments (EDs) in the United States treat millions with OUD annually who may not seek care elsewhere. Our objectives were (1) to compare two screening measures for OUD characterization in the ED and (2) to determine the proportion of ED patients screening positive for OUD and those who endorse other substance use to guide future screening programs.

Learning from an equitable, data-informed response to COVID-19: Translating knowledge into future action and preparation.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic revealed numerous barriers to effectively managing public health crises, including difficulties in using publicly available, community-level data to create learning systems in support of local public health decision responses. Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, a group of health care partners began meeting to learn from their collective experiences. We identified key tools and processes for using data and learning system structures to drive equitable public health decision making throughout different phases of the pandemic.

Privacy-preserving record linkage across disparate institutions and datasets to enable a learning health system: The national COVID cohort collaborative (N3C) experience.

Introduction: Research driven by real-world clinical data is increasingly vital to enabling learning health systems, but integrating such data from across disparate health systems is challenging. As part of the NCATS National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C), the N3C Data Enclave was established as a centralized repository of deidentified and harmonized COVID-19 patient data from institutions across the US. However, making this data most useful for research requires linking it with information such as mortality data, images, and viral variants.