Medication Associations With Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions: A Case/Non-Case Analysis Using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System.

Background: Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) are potentially life-threatening severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs). Although the classical causal agents of SCARs (antibiotics, anticonvulsants, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and allopurinol) are well characterized, there has been little update to this list to account for newly marketed medications.

Objective: To provide an updated and stratified list of medications with significant reporting odds ratios (RORs) of SCARs.

Allopregnanolone pleiotropic action in neurons and astrocytes: calcium signaling as a unifying mechanism.

Objective: Allopregnanolone (Allo) is a neurosteroid with pleiotropic action in the brain that includes neurogenesis, oligogenesis, human and rodent neural stem cell regeneration, increased glucose metabolism, mitochondrial respiration and biogenesis, improved cognitive function, and reduction of both inflammation and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Because the breadth of Allo-induced responses requires activation of multiple systems of biology in the absence of an Allo-specific nuclear receptor, analyses were conducted in both neurons and astrocytes to identify unifying systems and signaling pathways.

Methods: Mechanisms of Allo action were investigated in embryonic hippocampal neurons and astrocytes cultured in an Aging Model (AM) media.

Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma in a Patient Previously Diagnosed With Sarcoidosis.

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disorder characterized by granulomatous inflammation on histopathological evaluation. Diagnosis of sarcoidosis requires thorough elimination of malignancy and alternative causes of noncaseating granulomatous inflammation. Sarcoidosis and several subtypes of lymphoma have similar clinical presentations and can potentially have similar histopathological findings.

Imaging and Biomarker Surveillance for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and American Radium Society Appropriate Use Criteria Statement.

Surveillance for survivors of head and neck cancer (HNC) is focused on early detection of recurrent or second primary malignancies. After initial restaging confirms disease-free status, the use of surveillance imaging for asymptomatic patients with HNC is controversial. Our objective was to comprehensively review literature pertaining to imaging and biomarker surveillance of asymptomatic patients treated for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and to convene a multidisciplinary expert panel to provide appropriate use criteria for surveillance in representative clinical scenarios.

Leveraging the predictive power of 3D organoids in dogs to develop new treatments for man and man's best friend.

.

Post-tonsillectomy outcomes in children with mucopolysaccharidosis and obstructive sleep apnea.

Objective: To describe the incidence of respiratory complications, postoperative hemorrhage, length of stay, and cost of care in children with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) undergoing adenotonsillectomy (AT).

Methods: Analysis of the 2009, 2012, and 2016 editions of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids' Inpatient Database (HCUP KID) identified 24,700 children who underwent AT (40 children with MPS). Demographics, respiratory complications, postoperative hemorrhage, length of stay, and total cost were compared across children with and without MPS.

Identification of Potential Modulators of a Pathogenic G Protein-Gated Inwardly Rectifying K Channel 4 Mutant: Investigation in the Context of Drug Discovery for Hypertension.

Genetic abnormalities have been associated with primary aldosteronism, a major cause of secondary hypertension. This includes mutations in the gene, which encodes G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K channel 4 (GIRK4). For example, the substitution of glycine with glutamic acid gives rise to the pathogenic GIRK4 mutation, which alters channel selectivity, making it more permeable to Na and Ca.

Comparative sensitivity and accuracy of 24 vs. 18 MHz ultrasound probes for the diagnosis of flexor tendon repair integrity.

Purpose: To determine whether a 24 MHz transducer significantly improves sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in evaluating flexor tendon repair integrity compared with an 18 MHz transducer.

Methods: One hundred and twelve cadaveric digits were randomised to an intact repair or simulated 'failed' repair, and to a two- or eight-strand repair of a flexor digitorum profundus laceration. A blinded sonologist evaluated specimens in static mode using 18 and 24 MHz transducers.

Use of fractionated laser therapy for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Procedural management, including fractionated laser therapy, has been increasingly investigated for the management of androgenetic alopecia (AGA). However, no comprehensive resources exist detailing the efficacy of fractionated laser therapies used for the treatment of AGA. A systematic review investigating fractionated laser use for AGA was performed, separated into each distinct fractionated laser modality.

Mentoring across difference and distance: building effective virtual research opportunities for underrepresented minority undergraduate students in biological sciences.

Summer Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REUs) are established to provide platforms for interest in scientific research and as tools for eventual matriculation to scientific graduate programs. Unfortunately, the COVID-19 pandemic forced the cancellation of in-person programs for 2020 and 2021, creating the need for alternative programming. The National Summer Undergraduate Research Project (NSURP) was created to provide a virtual option to REUs in microbiology to compensate for the pandemic-initiated loss of research opportunities.

Multiple myeloma, haematologic malignancy and immunosuppressant and immunomodulatory medications are associated with sebaceous carcinoma, a pharmacovigilance study of the FDA adverse event reporting system.

Background: Sebaceous carcinoma (SC) is a rare skin cancer with significant associated morbidity and mortality. A known association exists between immunosuppression, in particular solid organ transplant patients (SOTR), and SC. However, the comparative reporting odds ratios (ROR) of different immunosuppressive medications and SC are incompletely defined.

A Contemporary Study of Pre-hospital Traumatic Cardiac Arrest: Distinguishing Exsanguination From Non-exsanguination Arrest With a Review of Current Literature.

Background Traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA) remains a challenging problem in terms of diagnosis and management. This is due to difficulty distinguishing the TCA cause and therefore understanding the pathophysiology. The goal of this study was to analyze a contemporary series of TCA patients and classify the causes of TCA into exsanguination (EX) arrest and non-exsanguination (non-EX) arrest.

Phenotype plasticity and altered sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents in aggressive prostate cancer cells.

In 2023, approximately 288,300 new diagnoses of prostate cancer will occur, with 34,700 disease-related deaths. Death from prostate cancer is associated with metastasis, enabled by progression of tumor phenotypes and successful extracapsular extension to reach Batson's venous plexus, a specific route to the spine and brain. Using a mouse-human tumor xenograft model, we isolated an aggressive muscle invasive cell population of prostate cancer, called DU145 with a distinct biophysical phenotype, elevated histone H3K27, and increased matrix metalloproteinase 14 expression as compared to the non-aggressive parent cell population called DU145.

Subdural hematoma, retinal hemorrhage, and fracture triad as a clinical predictor for the diagnosis of child abuse.

Objective: Nonaccidental trauma (NAT) is a major cause of traumatic death during infancy and early childhood. Several findings are known to raise the index of clinical suspicion: subdural hematoma (SDH), retinal hemorrhage (RH), fracture, and external trauma. Combinations of certain injury types, determined via statistical frequency associations, may assist clinical diagnostic tools when child abuse is suspected.

Establishing Confidence Intervals for Normal Radiographic Intracarpal Alignment Throughout the Arc of Wrist Motion: A Cadaveric Pilot Study.

Background: High-quality lateral radiographs with the wrist in neutral (0°) or near neutral (less than 15° flexion or extension) are felt to be important for diagnosing carpal instability using intracarpal angular measurements, but may be unavailable. In addition, radiolunate (RLA) and capitolunate (CLA) measurement angles for defining carpal instability have poor validation. We sought to establish 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for predicted RLA and CLA throughout the arc of wrist motion in normal cadaveric wrists.

Orthopedic surgery residents reported increased shoulder procedure volumes during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on shoulder procedure volumes reported to the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education by orthopedic surgery residents.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education case logs reporting data from graduating orthopedic surgery residents during the academic years of 2006-2022. Data were queried for all patients for the following shoulder Current Procedural Terminology codes: incision, excision, intro or removal, repair/revision/reconstruction, fracture and/or dislocation, manipulation, arthroscopy, trauma, and total procedures performed.

A unique case of -related ureteral stricture: Diagnosis and surgical reconstruction.

Background: Chronic infection with can lead to pathology of the upper and lower urinary tracts. While well known as a cause of squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder, relatively little research exists on ureteral involvement. Here, we present a unique case of bilateral ureteral obstruction from schistosomiasis with concomitant ureteral stone disease.

Multi-Omic, Histopathologic, and Clinicopathologic Effects of Once-Weekly Oral Rapamycin in a Naturally Occurring Feline Model of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Pilot Study.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) remains the single most common cardiomyopathy in cats, with a staggering prevalence as high as 15%. To date, little to no direct therapeutical intervention for HCM exists for veterinary patients. A previous study aimed to evaluate the effects of delayed-release (DR) rapamycin dosing in a client-owned population of subclinical, non-obstructive, HCM-affected cats and reported that the drug was well tolerated and resulted in beneficial LV remodeling.