DIVERT-Ca: unveiling the hidden link between acute diverticulitis and colorectal cancer risk-multicentre retrospective study.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, accounting for approximately 10% of all malignancies. Emerging trends of association with risk factors such as diverticulitis highlight the need for updated screening and follow-up protocols. We aimed to examine risk factors associated with the development of CRC within 12 months following an episode of acute diverticulitis, and identify areas to streamline follow-up.

A Mathematical Exploration of SDH-b Loss in Chromaffin Cells.

The succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) is a four-subunit enzyme complex (SDH-a, SDH-b, SDH-c, and SDH-d) central to cell carbon metabolism. The SDH bridges the tricarboxylic acid cycle to the electron transport chain. A pathological loss of the SDH-b subunit leads to a cell-wide signalling cascade that shifts the cell's metabolism into a pseudo-hypoxic state akin to the so-called Warburg effect (or aerobic glycolysis).

Bone Health in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Paediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is often complicated by bone loss resulting in an increased risk of fractures and impaired quality of life. Underlying inflammation, nutritional deficiencies and glucocorticoid therapy are some of the factors contributing to secondary osteoporosis in IBD. Optimising nutrition, dietary supplementation and timely screening are essential in preventing bone loss.

Cancer nursing research priorities: findings from a cancer nurses' consultation in Europe.

Background: Nurses are well positioned to identify the most critical issues in patient care and to determine priorities for investigation. Involving nurses in developing research priorities may increase their engagement in research and enhance the development high-quality nursing practice.

Aim: This study aimed to scope the potential topics for future cancer nursing research in Europe from the perspective of cancer nurses.

Co-designed neck exercise (EPIC-Neck) vs usual exercise care for people with chronic non-specific neck pain: protocol for a randomised feasibility study with process evaluation.

Background: Clinical guidelines recommend that people with chronic non-specific neck pain self-manage symptoms with physiotherapy-led exercise. However, current exercise strategies have modest short-term effects, engagement is poor, and 48% of people continue to experience long-term and recurrent pain. Updated exercise strategies co-produced using complex intervention development frameworks are required that consider the behavioural, psychological, environmental, and technical aspects of exercise prescription and patient adherence to optimise symptom outcomes, long-term engagement, and self-management.

Scoping literature review to identify candidate domains for the OMERACT Systemic Lupus Erythematosus core outcome set.

Objective: To identify candidate Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) domains from the literature for consideration towards the development of the SLE Core Outcome Set.

Methods: This was a comprehensive scoping literature review of SLE clinical trials and systematic reviews published since 2010. Studies were identified from 5 databases and were screened for eligibility.

A decision-analytical perspective on incorporating multiple outcomes in the production of clinical prediction models: defining a taxonomy of risk estimands.

Background: Clinical prediction models (CPMs) estimate an individual's risk of current or future outcome events, using information available about the individual at the time of prediction. While most CPMs are developed to predict a single outcome event, many clinical decisions require considering the risks of multiple outcome events. For example, decision-making for anticoagulation therapy involves assessing an individual's risks of both blood clot and bleeding, while decision-making around interventions for multimorbidity prevention requires an understanding of the risks of developing multiple long-term conditions.

Laparoscopic versus open repair of perforated peptic ulcer: systematic scoping review and in-depth evaluation of existing evidence.

Background: Perforated peptic ulcer remains a common contributor to morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. In common with other emergency surgery conditions, there is a trend towards minimally invasive surgery. This review aims to describe current evidence comparing open and laparoscopic management strategies for perforated peptic ulcers, by summarizing patients, intervention, comparator, outcomes, describing intervention components and delivery, outcomes reported and assessing study pragmatism (applicability) using PRagmatic Explanatory Continuum Indicator Summary-2.

Supplemental oxygen for symptomatic relief in people with serious respiratory illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: People with serious respiratory illness frequently have a high symptom burden and may be prescribed supplemental oxygen therapy with the aims of reducing the severity of breathlessness and improving health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effectiveness of oxygen therapy no oxygen on 1) breathlessness, 2) HRQoL and 3) adverse events.

Methods: A comprehensive search was performed in Embase, Medline and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for randomised controlled trials published prior to June 2022.

Comprehensive analysis of Enterobacteriaceae IncX plasmids reveals robust conjugation regulators PrfaH, H-NS, and conjugation-fitness tradeoff.

Conjugative IncX plasmids are vital for spreading clinically significant antibiotic resistance genes. We identified key factors governing the conjugative process of IncX plasmids, the plasmid encoded activator PrfaH and inhibitor H-NS. Deletion of prfaH completely abolishes conjugative transfer, and the PrfaH binding site is an ops-like sequence located downstream of the prfaH promoter.

"I still can't forget those words": mixed methods study of the persisting impact on patients reporting psychosomatic and psychiatric misdiagnoses.

Objectives: This research aimed to improve understanding of persisting impacts of patient-reported psychosomatic and psychiatric misdiagnoses on patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs).

Methods: Mixed methods data from two SARDs cohorts were analysed (N = 1,543 and N = 1,853). Validated instruments and patient-designed questions were used to measure self-reported depression, anxiety and mental wellbeing, in addition to medical relationships and healthcare behaviours.

Applying the major system change framework to evaluate implementation of rapid healthcare system change: a case study of COVID-19 remote home monitoring services.

Background: A framework to evaluate implementation of Major System Change (MSC) in healthcare has been developed and applied to implementation of longer-term system changes. This was the first study to apply the five domains of the MSC framework to rapid healthcare system change. We aimed to: i) evaluate implementation of rapid MSC, using England COVID-19 remote home monitoring services as a case study and ii) consider whether and how the MSC framework can be applied to rapid MSC.

Meeting report: The Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) World Lupus Seminar on Africa.

The Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) is an international research group dedicated to promoting collaboration among scientific investigators in the study of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Currently, most SLICC members are based in North America and Europe, with limited representation from other regions. SLICC recognises the importance of expanding its global collaborations and representation to ensure that its research accurately reflects the global burden of SLE and provides equal benefit to all patients with SLE worldwide.

The 'art' of communication therapy.

Purpose Of Review: An overview of research exploring communication rehabilitation published between 2022 and 2024. There is limited research in the field so this timely review offers the clinician an insight into the available literature and the gaps that exist.

Recent Findings: The review identified four main themes related to communication and speech rehabilitation; articulation and intelligibility, measures of function following surgical interventions, therapeutic interventions and their variability and quality of life outcomes.

Hepatic venous wedge pressure gradient measurements in intestinal failure associated liver disease.

Objectives: Historically, in children with intestinal failure associated liver disease (IFALD), the presence of splenomegaly and moderate bridging fibrosis would be considered as evidence of advanced liver disease and portal hypertension and be recommended for liver-inclusive intestinal transplant graft. In our experience, the assessment of portal hypertension based on conventional investigations, which are well established in other chronic liver diseases, could be misleading in some children with IFALD, and further investigations could help in assessing the severity of liver disease. Hepatic venous wedge pressure gradient (HVWPG) is used in chronic liver diseases for objectively assessing the severity of portal hypertension.

Zinc Supplementation for Mitigating Oral Mucositis in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy and Chemoradiotherapy - A Systematic Review.

Background & Aims: Head and Neck Cancers (HNCs) pose a significant global health burden, with increasing incidence projected by 2030. Treatment typically involves radiotherapy (RT) and chemoradiotherapy (CMRT), often leading to debilitating oral mucositis (OM), which impairs quality of life and may treatment discontinuation. Currently, there are no established preventive and therapeutic measures for OM in HNC patients.

Ingestible sensor capsule with extended battery capacity allows early diagnosis of GI malignancy in comorbid patients with occult bleeding and anemia.

HemoPill is a commercially available ingestible electronic capsule that detects hematin and blood through photometric measurements. An examination with HemoPill requires no special preparation and can be done bedside. Its major advantage is noninvasive luminal blood detection, requiring only a small amount of blood or hematin (> 20 mL) for a positive result, making it especially suitable in multimorbid and/or geriatric patients not primarily fit for endoscopic diagnostic allowing rapid and uncomplicated bleeding detection.

Network meta-analysis comparing efficacy of different strategies on medication-overuse headache.

Background: Medication-overuse headache (MOH) is the most common secondary headache disorder, resulting from or leading to the frequent use of acute headache medications. Despite the availability of various treatment strategies, the optimal approach remains uncertain.

Objective: This network meta-analysis (NMA) aimed to evaluate the comparative efficacy of different strategies for managing MOH, focusing on reducing monthly headache days.

Sodium valproate, a potential repurposed treatment for the neurodegeneration in Wolfram syndrome (TREATWOLFRAM): trial protocol for a pivotal multicentre, randomised double-blind controlled trial.

Introduction: Wolfram syndrome (Spectrum Disorder) is an ultra-rare monogenic form of progressive neurodegeneration and diabetes mellitus. In common with most rare diseases, there are no therapies to slow or stop disease progression. Sodium valproate, an anticonvulsant with neuroprotective properties, is anticipated to mediate its effect via alteration of cell cycle kinetics, increases in p21 expression levels and reduction in apoptosis and increase in Wolframin protein expression.

Intracorporeal versus extracorporeal anastomosis in laparoscopic total gastrectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: To evaluate outcomes of intracorporeal (IOJ) versus extracorporeal (EOJ) oesophagojejunostomy following laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG) for the treatment of gastric cancer.

Methods: A comprehensive search of various electronic databases was conducted. Comparative studies of IOJ versus EOJ following LTG in patients with gastric malignancy were included.

Experiences of abortion in the UK Armed Forces: a cross-sectional survey.

Background: Abortion is a common pregnancy outcome; in the UK one in three women will have an abortion by age 45 years. Despite women making up 11.7% of the UK Armed Forces (UKAF), anecdotal voices from patient groups and clinicians highlight their gender-specific health needs not being addressed by the UKAF.

Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of stratified aggregate data.

Background: A 2021 meta-analysis of 37 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of vitamin D supplementation for prevention of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) revealed a statistically significant protective effect of the intervention (odds ratio [OR] 0·92 [95% CI 0·86 to 0·99]). Since then, six eligible RCTs have been completed, including one large trial (n=15 804). We aimed to re-examine the link between vitamin D supplementation and prevention of ARIs.

Controlled human infection model of Neisseria lactamica in late pregnancy investigating mother-to-infant transmission in the UK: a single-arm pilot trial.

Background: The infant respiratory microbiome is derived largely from the mother and is associated with downstream health and disease. Manipulating maternal respiratory flora peripartum to influence the infant microbiome has not previously been investigated. Neisseria lactamica is a harmless pharyngeal commensal that correlates inversely with Neisseria meningitidis carriage and disease.