Assisting upon entry: Helping type and approach as moderators of how role conflict affects newcomer resource drain.

We extend recent research on the costs and benefits of helping to help providers by asking whether and under what conditions newcomer help giving may amplify or mitigate the role-conflict-based resource drain such individuals may experience in the context of their initial socialization. Drawing from conservation of resources (COR) theory, we propose that whether providing assistance to peers enhances or weakens newcomer help providers' resilience to such conflict-based resource drain (i.e.

Modeling Psychologists' Ethical Intention: Application of an Expanded Theory of Planned Behavior.

At the core of all therapeutic and medical practice lies ethics. By applying an expanded Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior formulation, the present investigation tested a model for explaining psychologists' intention to behave ethically. In the pretest, dual relationships and money conflicts were seen as the most prevalent dilemmas.

Religiosity as a Moderator of Self-Efficacy and Social Support in Predicting Traumatic Stress Among Combat Soldiers.

Based on a sample of 54 Israeli soldiers (51 % non-religious, 49 % religious) surveyed upon their return from combat, this study investigates the moderating role of religiosity as a factor that may strengthen cognitive processing tied to the belief in oneself to persevere (i.e., self-efficacy) after trauma and/or as a factor tied to enhanced external social support that religious individuals in particular may benefit from by their involvement in a religious community.

Facebook's Contribution to Well-being among Adolescent and Young Adults as a Function of Mental Resilience.

Studies of correlations between general internet use and psychological well-being have shown mixed results. The present study aimed to elucidate the relationship between Facebook use and psychological well-being, with mental resilience expected to moderate the relationship. Two hundred Israeli adolescents and young adults completed questionnaires assessing their Facebook use, mental resilience, and psychological well-being.

Exploring perceived control and self-rated health in re-admissions among younger adults: A retrospective study.

Objective: Although health promotion calls for patient empowerment, it is not integrated in reducing re-admissions. This study examines the link among patient perceived control, self-rated health and fewer hospital re-admissions.

Methods: An empirical explorative retrospective cross-sectional study with 208 respondents aged 40-65 with poor health and identical health plans.

Why Do We Feel Sick When Infected--Can Altruism Play a Role?

When we contract an infection, we typically feel sick and behave accordingly. Symptoms of sickness behavior (SB) include anorexia, hypersomnia, depression, and reduced social interactions. SB affects species spanning from arthropods to vertebrates, is triggered nonspecifically by viruses, bacteria, and parasites, and is orchestrated by a complex network of cytokines and neuroendocrine pathways; clearly, it has been naturally selected.

Traumatic Stress during Population-wide Exposure to Trauma in Israel: Gender as a Moderator of the Effects of Marital Status and Social Support.

The 'tend-and-befriend' approach (Taylor et al., ) posits that in times of stress, women in particular may tend to their loved ones and seek out social support as a coping mechanism. Two corollaries of this model are that when confronted with a situation of extreme stress, marriage may be more of a protective factor for men, as central beneficiaries of their wives 'tending' or nurturing response, and social support from a wider network may be more of a protective factor for women, as part of women's 'befriending' response to stress.

On Analyzing Readmissions Using A Trajectory Model: Evidence From Israel.

The problem of readmission, wherein patients are readmitted for the same or a related condition shortly after discharge, has become a challenge worldwide from care quality and financial perspectives. In this study, we explore 30-day readmission data for predicting who is likely to be readmitted and understanding key factors contributing to preventable readmissions using the developmental trajectory of creatinine level as a key laboratory marker of serious illness and a potential predictor of future readmission. Using Electronic Health Record data on 928 patients over ten different visits to emergency departments across Israel, we apply a semi-parametric, statistical, group-based trajectory model to elicit three distinct creatinine-based trajectories over time with differing 30-day readmission rates for males and females.

Perceived control over health, communication and patient-physician trust.

Objective: Patient-physician trust is linked to higher medication adherence. To date, the relationship between trust and perceived control over health, a strong driver of patient health behavior, has not been tested. This study tested the contribution of patient perceived control over health to the explained variance in patient-physician trust, beyond the contribution of known antecedent.

Achievement of partial combined control of major diabetes targets in primary care correlates with development of chronic complications in T2DM patients--A real life data.

Aims: Strict long term glucose, cholesterol and blood pressure control is advocated in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients. It is not known whether combined partial goals' achievement affects development of chronic complications.

Methods: We evaluated the relative ability or failure of 5369 T2DM ambulatory patients to achieve and maintain control of blood pressure, glycaemia and cholesterol for 3 consecutive years.

Attention and memory protection: Interactions between retrospective attention cueing and interference.

Visual working memory (VWM) and attention have a number of features in common, but despite extensive research it is still unclear how the two interact. Can focused attention improve VWM precision? Can it protect VWM from interference? Here we used a partial-report, continuous-response orientation memory task to examine how attention and interference affect different aspects of VWM and how they interact with one another. Both attention and interference were orthogonally manipulated during the retention interval.

Is there time discounting for risk premium?

Individuals with a higher subjective discount rate concentrate more on the present and delay is more significant for them. However, when a risky asset is delayed, not only is the outcome delayed but also the risk. In this paper, we suggest a new, two-stage experimental method with real monetary incentives that allows us to distinguish between the effect of the risk and the effect of the time when pricing a risky asset.

The "Facebook-self": characteristics and psychological predictors of false self-presentation on Facebook.

In this study we present and empirically examine a new phenomenon related to social networking sites, such as Facebook, the "false Facebook-self." Arguably false self-presentation on Facebook is a growing phenomenon, and in extreme cases; i.e.

Sweet sixteen: changing time preferences in the transition from middle school to high school, for different scenarios.

Teenagers earn, save and spend large amounts of money. Therefore, understanding teenagers' time preference and how it affects their economic behavior is very important. The current study investigates time preferences of high school and middle school students, and the effect of different intertemporal choice scenarios on teenagers' subjective discount rate.

Between Jewish settlers and Palestinian citizens of Israel: negotiating ethno-national power relations through the discourse of PTSD.

This article traces a critical change in the professional implementation of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): the broadening of its use from an apolitical sign of psychopathology, to an interpretative framework in which clinical questions of diagnosis and treatment intersect with political questions of ethno-national power relations. The aid discourse of a new NGO--the "Israeli Trauma Coalition" (ITC)--serves as my case study. I analyze how the experts negotiated similar clinical questions, associated with a single biomedical idiom, PTSD, but in relation to two different matrices of political relations: the "Disengagement Plan" (August 2005), which led to the evacuation of National-Orthodox Jews who had settled in the Occupied Territories, and the Second Lebanon War (July 2006), which led to the exposure of Palestinian citizens of Israel to missile attacks.

Absolute and relative pitch: Global versus local processing of chords.

Absolute pitch (AP) is the ability to identify or produce notes without any reference note. An ongoing debate exists regarding the benefits or disadvantages of AP in processing music. One of the main issues in this context is whether the categorical perception of pitch in AP possessors may interfere in processing tasks requiring relative pitch (RP).

High positive affect shortly after missile attacks and the heightened risk of posttraumatic stress disorder among Israeli adolescents.

Previous research has demonstrated that positive emotions help build psychological resources and facilitate adaptation to stress, yet few studies have considered the possible negative effects of positive emotions on stress. This study examined the relationship between high arousal, positive and negative affect, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among 503 Israeli adolescents following a period of escalated missile attacks on their city. Our findings revealed that not only negative affect, but also positive affect at very high levels exhibited 2 weeks following missile attacks were independently associated with PTSD symptoms 2½ months later (η(2) = .

Using electronic health record systems to optimize admission decisions: the Creatinine case study.

Many medical organizations have implemented electronic health record (EHR) and health information exchange (HIE) networks to improve medical decision-making. This study evaluated the contribution of EHR and HIE networks to physicians by investigating whether health information technology can lead to more efficient admission decisions by reducing redundant admissions in the stressful environment of emergency. Log-files were retrieved from an integrative and interoperable EHR that serves seven main Israeli hospitals.

Low level perceptual, not attentional, processes modulate distractor interference in high perceptual load displays: evidence from neglect/extinction.

According to perceptual load theory (Lavie, 2005) distractor interference is determined by the availability of attentional resources. If target processing does not exhaust resources (with low perceptual load) distractor processing will take place resulting in interference with a primary task; however, when target processing uses-up attentional capacity (with high perceptual load) interference can be avoided. An alternative account (Tsal and Benoni, 2010a) suggests that perceptual load effects can be based on distractor dilution by the mere presence of additional neutral items in high-load displays so that the effect is not driven by the amount of attention resources required for target processing.

From Winnicott's potential space to mutual creative space: a principle for intercultural psychotherapy.

This paper suggests that elaborating Winnicott's idea of "potential space" can provide a conceptual approach to psychotherapy across the cultural divide. The first part of the paper discusses the general problematic of intercultural psychotherapy. This is illustrated with an account of therapeutic work with Ethiopian Jews who have migrated to Israel.

The value of information for decision-making in the healthcare environment.

With their ever-growing importance and usability, the healthcare sector has been investing heavily in medical information systems in recent years, as part of the effort to improve medical decision-making and increase its efficiency through improved medical processes, reduced costs, integration of patients' data, etc. In light of these developments, this research aims to evaluate the contribution of information technology (IT) to improving the medical decision-making processes at the point of care of internal medicine and surgical departments and to evaluate the degree to which IT investments are worthwhile. This has been done by assessing the value of information to decision-makers (physicians) at the point of care by investigating whether the information systems improved the medical outcomes.

Group counseling and psychotherapy across the cultural divide: the case of Ethiopian Jewish immigrants in Israel.

Effective counseling across a cultural divide depends on adaptations or changes of technique to suit the particular intercultural circumstances. The concept of mutual creative space provides a guiding principle for therapists who wish to make such changes. This space is 'negotiated' between the therapist/counselor coming from the 'dominant/mainstream' group within society, and the group participants who arrive from another culture.

Reactions of salaried physicians to hospital decline.

Objective: To examine the Exit, Loyalty, Voice, and Neglect (ELVN) reactions of full-time salaried physicians to the decline of their employing hospital, and to explore factors possibly associated with the choice of reactions.

Data Source: The study analyzes data collected in a larger survey of work attitudes of 703 hospital physicians, constituting a representative national sample of (every tenth) salaried hospital physicians in Israel.

Data Collection: Data were collected through a self-administered mail questionnaire with return envelopes attached.