Role of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibition in the antiobesity effect of J2H-1702 on adipocytes and a high-fat diet-induced NASH model.

Obesity due to excessive body fat accumulation remains a global problem. Patients with obesity have high cortisol levels, and its dysregulation is caused by increased 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) levels. The effects and mechanism of J2H-1702, an 11β-HSD1 inhibitor, on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) were explored.

Trends in Mental Health Outcomes of College Students Amid the Pandemic (Roadmap mHealth App): Longitudinal Observational Study.

Background: The mental health crisis among college students intensified amid the COVID-19 pandemic, suggesting an urgent need for innovative solutions to support them. Previous efforts to address mental health concerns have been constrained, often due to the underuse or shortage of services. Mobile health (mHealth) technology holds significant potential for providing resilience-building support and enhancing access to mental health care.

The additive effect of the stress hyperglycemia ratio on type 2 diabetes: a population-based cohort study.

Background: The stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) has recently gained attention as a marker for acute hyperglycemia, which has been linked to adverse clinical outcomes. However, its independent role in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains understudied. This cohort study aimed to assess the association between SHR and the incidence of T2D.

ImageDoubler: image-based doublet identification in single-cell sequencing.

Single-cell sequencing provides detailed insights into individual cell behaviors within complex systems based on the assumption that each cell is uniquely isolated. However, doublets-where two or more cells are sequenced together-disrupt this assumption and can lead to potential data misinterpretations. Traditional doublet detection methods primarily rely on simulated genomic data, which may be less effective in homogeneous cell populations and can introduce biases from experimental processes.

Distributed opinion competition scheme with gradient-based neural network in social networks.

In the context of social networks becoming primary platforms for information dissemination and public discourse, understanding how opinions compete and reach consensus has become increasingly vital. This paper introduces a novel distributed competition model designed to elucidate the dynamics of opinion competitive behavior in social networks. The proposed model captures the development mechanism of various opinions, their appeal to individuals, and the impact of the social environment on their evolution.

Dental hygiene and dental students' patient communication skills: Is public speaking education relevant?

Purpose: Commission of Dental Accreditation (CODA) Standards require graduates to be competent in patient-provider communication. The objectives were (a) to assess dental hygiene and dental students' general communication-related attitudes and self-reported skills related to establishing rapport, utilizing facilitative listening, and summarizing, as well as having oral health literacy-related expertise; (b) to evaluate students' prior public speaking experiences, their motivation to learn more about public speaking and evaluations of the public speaking-related educational intervention; (c) and explore the relationships between communication-related attitudes and skills and public speaking-related education.

Methods: Anonymous web-based survey data were collected from 43 dental hygiene and 206 dental students after they participated in a zoom-based educational intervention entitled "Utilizing Public Speaking Principles in Patient-Dental Care Provider Communication: An Exploration.

A minimal complex of KHNYN and zinc-finger antiviral protein binds and degrades single-stranded RNA.

Detecting viral infection is a key role of the innate immune system. The genomes of some RNA viruses have a high CpG dinucleotide content relative to most vertebrate cell RNAs, making CpGs a molecular marker of infection. The human zinc-finger antiviral protein (ZAP) recognizes CpG, mediates clearance of the foreign CpG-rich RNA, and causes attenuation of CpG-rich RNA viruses.

How Much Information Can Be Extracted from Galaxy Clustering at the Field Level?

We present optimal Bayesian field-level cosmological constraints from nonlinear tracers of cosmic large-scale structure, specifically the amplitude σ_{8} of linear matter fluctuations inferred from rest-frame simulated dark matter halos in a comoving volume of 8  (h^{-1} Gpc)^{3}. Our constraint on σ_{8} is entirely due to nonlinear information, and obtained by explicitly sampling the initial conditions along with tracer bias and noise parameters via a Lagrangian effective field theory-based forward model, leftfield. The comparison with a simulation-based inference of the power spectrum and bispectrum-likewise using the leftfield forward model-shows that, when including precisely the same modes of the same data up to k_{max}=0.

Kechuan Decoction mitigates apoptosis of airway epithelial cells by improving lipid metabolism disorders and mitochondria dysfunction in HDM-induced asthma.

Background: The airway epithelium serves as the first line of defense between the lung's internal environment and the external environment, functioning through physical barriers and mucus-ciliary clearance to protect against external allergens and other harmful substances. Airway epithelial damage is a common feature of asthma, and research has shown that apoptosis plays a significant role in airway injury and inflammation in asthma. Although Kechuan Decoction (KCD) has demonstrated clinical efficacy in treating pediatric asthma, its precise mechanism of action remains unclear.

Ultrasmall High-Entropy-Alloy Nanozyme Catalyzed In Vivo ROS and NO Scavenging for Anti-Inflammatory Therapy.

High-entropy alloy (HEA) nanoparticles possess finely tunable and multifunctional catalytic activity due to their extremely diverse adsorption sites. Their unique properties enable HEA nanoparticles to mimic the complex interactions of the redox homeostasis system, which is composed of cascade and multiple enzymatic reactions. The application of HEAs in mimicking complex enzymatic systems remains relatively unexplored, despite the importance of regulating biological redox reactions.

A microRNA is the effector gene of a classic evolutionary hotspot locus.

In Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), the genomic region around the gene is a "hotspot" locus, repeatedly implicated in generating intraspecific melanic wing color polymorphisms across 100 million years of evolution. However, the identity of the effector gene regulating melanic wing color within this locus remains unknown. We show that none of the four candidate protein-coding genes within this locus, including , serve as major effectors.

An approach based on ecosystem services for assessing progress towards sustainable development goals at both national and provincial levels in China.

Ecosystem services (ESs), the benefits nature provides to people, are an important basis for fulfilling sustainable development goals (SDGs). Therefore, an ES-based approach will help deepen our understanding of the relationships between natural systems and human well-being and provide co-benefit pathways for sustainable development. However, monitoring progress towards achieving the SDGs based on the contributions of ESs to SDGs is lacking.

Factors affecting the wellbeing of mid-achieving university students: a case study from China.

Background: The study aims to investigate the wellbeing of mid-achieving university students on campus and the factors affecting it. Given that this group represents a large yet often overlooked portion of higher education, the study endeavors to analyze the specific factors affecting their wellbeing to provide insights to foster a more comprehensive and inclusive educational environment.

Methodology: The study adopted a qualitative research method.

Effects of the IronHand Soft Exoskeleton on Forearm Muscle Activity During in Field Automotive Assembly Tasks.

OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONSWhen compared to not using a soft-hand exoskeleton, the IronHand caused both increases and decreases in forearm muscle activity while completing automotive assembly tasks. Surprisingly, although there were reductions in muscle activity when wearing the IronHand, only a few of these decreases resulted in muscle activity changing such that they fell to below recommended ergonomic thresholds. Despite this, some individuals in our study clearly benefited from the device, and this suggests that there is potential for widespread use of such a device if fine tuned to the individual and task demands.

Clinician contributions to central nervous system-active polypharmacy among older adults with dementia in the United States.

Background: Exposure to central nervous system (CNS)-active polypharmacy-overlapping exposure to three or more CNS-active medications-is potentially harmful yet common among persons living with dementia (PLWD). The extent to which these medications are prescribed to community-dwelling PLWD by individual clinicians versus distributed across multiple prescribers is unclear.

Methods: We identified community-dwelling Medicare beneficiaries with a dementia diagnosis and Medicare Parts A, B, and D coverage for at least one month in 2019.

Wastewater surveillance of antibiotic resistant bacteria for public health action: Potential and Challenges.

Antibiotic resistance is an urgent public health threat. Actions to reduce this threat include requiring prescriptions for antibiotic use, antibiotic stewardship programs, educational programs targeting patients and healthcare providers, and limiting antibiotic use in agriculture, aquaculture, and animal husbandry. Wastewater surveillance might complement clinical surveillance by tracking time/space variation essential for detecting outbreaks and evaluating efficacy of evidence-based interventions; identifying high-risk populations for targeted monitoring; providing early warning of the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria and identifying novel antibiotic resistant threats.

Synthetic Periodontal Guided Tissue Regeneration Membrane with Self-Assembling Biphasic Structure and Temperature-Sensitive Shape Maintenance.

Periodontal disease poses significant challenges to the long-term stability of oral health by destroying the supporting structures of teeth. Guided tissue regeneration techniques, particularly barrier membranes, enable local regeneration by providing an isolated, protected compartment for osseous wound healing while excluding epithelial tissue. Here, this study reports on a thermosensitive periodontal membrane (TSPM) technology designed to overcome the mechanical limitations of current membranes through a semi-interpenetrating network of high molecular weight poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and in situ-polymerized mesh of poly(ε-caprolactone)diacrylate (PCL-DA), and poly lactide-co-glycolide diacrylate (PLGA-DA).

New data on the fauna of the water treaders (Hemiptera, Mesoveliidae) of Korea.

Background: The Family Mesoveliidae, also known as the water treaders, are predaceous semi-aquatic bugs with approximately 50 known species worldwide. In the Korean Peninsula, only two species were known prior to this study: Horváth, 1895 and Kanyukova, 1981.

New Information: A total of four species in two genera are recognised from Korea, including new distributional records of Horváth, 1915 and Esaki, 1929.

A Multi-institutional Cluster Analysis to Identify Groups of Courses with Exemplary Opportunity Gaps for Undergraduate Students in the Biological Sciences.

Examining institutional data from seven cohorts of students intending to major in biology across five research-intensive institutions, this work analyzes opportunity gaps-defined as the difference between the grade received by students from the dominant and nondominant sociodemographic groups in institutions of higher education-at the course-section level across mathematics, physics, biology, and chemistry disciplines. From this analysis, we find that the majority of course sections have large opportunity gaps between female and male students, students who are Black, Latino/a/e/x, or indigenous to the United States and its territories and students who are White or Asian, first-generation and non-first-generation students, and low-income and non-low-income students. This work provides a framework to analyze equity across institutions using robust methodology, including: using multiple approaches to measure grades, quantile regression rankscores which adjust for previous academic performance, and cluster analysis.

behavior, fitness, and lifespan, are modulated by AWB/ASH-dependent death perception.

The ability of the nervous system to initiate intricate goal-directed behaviors in response to environmental stimuli is essential for metazoan survival. In this study, we demonstrate that the nematode perceives and reacts to dead conspecifics. The exposure to corpses as well as corpse lysates activates sensory neurons AWB and ASH, triggering a glutamate- and acetylcholine-dependent signaling cascade that regulates both immediate (aversion) and long-term (survival) responses to the presence of a death signature.

A Review of Melanoma Subtypes: Genetic and Treatment Considerations.

Melanoma affects over one million people in the United States. This review explores genetic mutations and markers of all seven subtypes. Current treatment options and prognosis of each subtype are also discussed.

Training Community Health Workers to Respond to Public Health Demands.

Background: Community health workers (CHWs) connect individuals to community resources and build individual competence in an effort to improve overall community/public health. There is a need for more research on how community health nurse (CHN)-led training programs are needed to help train and support CHWs.

Purpose: The purpose was to describe the development and evaluation of a series of CHN-led CHW trainings on CHW role, boundaries, and motivational interviewing; diabetes; mental health and long COVID; sexually transmitted infections; and lead poisoning prevention and treatment.

Sexual and Gender Identity-Associated Disparities in University Students' Experiences with Inappropriate, Disrespectful, and Coercive Health Care.

Inappropriate, disrespectful, or coercive health care (IDCH) is associated with patient age and sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) and can impact healthcare engagement and outcomes. Emerging adulthood is a critical period for establishing trust in health care, yet little is known about university students' IDCH experiences. This study assessed the IDCH prevalence and identified IDCH-SOGI associations in a university student sample.

I am just a sister: a field study on sister as mother role from Guangdong, China.

This study aimed to explore () roles in families after the implementation of China's () and (). By conducting in-depth interviews with 10 sisters from Guangdong Province who fit the sister-motherhood profile, this study investigated their motivations for taking on maternal duties, the characteristics of sister-motherhood roles, and the impact of these roles on the sisters. The results revealed that in families with two or more children, sisters passively assume mother-like responsibilities primarily due to biological age differences and parental neglect, as well as their personal initiative to a certain extent.