Host genetics and larval host plant modulate microbiome structure and evolution underlying the intimate insect-microbe-plant interactions in species on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Insects harbor a remarkable diversity of gut microbiomes critical for host survival, health, and fitness, but the mechanism of this structured symbiotic community remains poorly known, especially for the insect group consisting of many closely related species that inhabit the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Here, we firstly analyzed population-level 16S rRNA microbial dataset, comprising 11 species covering 5 subgenera, from 14 populations mostly sampled in mountainous regions across northwestern-to-southeastern China, and meanwhile clarified the relative importance of multiple factors on gut microbial community structure and evolution. Our findings indicated that both host genetics and larval host plant modulated gut microbial diversity and community structure.

Mildew detection in rice grains based on computer vision and the YOLO convolutional neural network.

At present, detection methods for rice microbial indicators are usually based on microbial culture or sensory detection methods, which are time-consuming or require expertise and thus cannot meet the needs of on-site rice testing when the rice is taken out of storage or traded. In order to develop a fast and non-destructive method for detecting rice mildew, in this paper, micro-computer vision technology is used to collect images of mildewed rice samples from 9 image locations. Then, a YOLO-V5 convolutional neural network model is used to detect moldy areas of rice, and the mold coverage area is estimated.

The native reed-specific bird, reed parrotbill, has been detected in exotic smooth cordgrass.

After the smooth cordgrass invaded coastal China, native birds started avoiding the green desert, and bird diversity declined. After many years, a few passerine birds began to enter and use smooth cordgrass, but only birds with a nonspecialised habitat. In this study, we found that a native reed-specific bird, the parrotbill flocked and sang in a smooth cordgrass habitat throughout the overwintering period near Sheyang Port in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province.

Population genomics and phylogeography of , a wild bee specialized on winter flowering plants.

Diet specialization may affect the population genetic structure of pollinators by reducing gene flow and driving genetic differentiation, especially in pollen-specialist bees. is a pollen-specialist pollinator of , one of the most important staple oil crops in China. .

Camera trap reveals the co-occurrence patterns of two sympatric muntjac species in southern Anhui Province, China: No spatial segregation.

The competitive relationship and coexistence pattern among close related species have long been one of the hot issues in ecological research. Interspecies interactions can exert important influences on the local distribution of rare species. Black muntjac is an endemic species to eastern China, currently restricted to limited regions.

Differentiation between wild and artificial cultivated radix using chromatographic and flow-injection mass spectrometric fingerprints with the aid of principal component analysis.

High-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) and flow-injection mass spectrometric (FIMS) fingerprinting profiles were used to differentiate between wild and artificial cultivated Radix samples. HPLC and FIMS fingerprints of 15 wild Radix samples and 12 artificial cultivated Radix samples were obtained and analyzed with the aid of principal component analysis (PCA). PCA of the fingerprints showed that the chemical differences between wild and artificial cultivated Radix samples could be differentiated by either HPLC or FIMS fingerprints.

Pelagic-benthic resource polymorphism in Herzenstein 1891 (Pisces, Cyprinidae) in a headwater lake in the Salween River system on the Tibetan Plateau.

Resource polymorphism is a ubiquitous phenomenon in vertebrates and may represent a critical intermediate stage in speciation. Freshwater lakes in high-altitude areas represent a natural system for understanding resource polymorphism in fishes benefiting from diverse lacustrine environments and species-poor fish assemblages. We report resource polymorphism in a cyprinid fish, , in Lake Amdo Tsonak Co, a headwater lake in the upper Salween River system.

Small mammal species richness and turnover along elevational gradient in Yulong Mountain, Yunnan, Southwest China.

Understanding the species diversity patterns along elevational gradients is critical for biodiversity conservation in mountainous regions. We examined the elevational patterns of species richness and turnover, and evaluated the effects of spatial and environmental factors on nonvolant small mammals (hereafter "small mammal") predicted a priori by alternative hypotheses (mid-domain effect [MDE], species-area relationship [SAR], energy, environmental stability, and habitat complexity]) proposed to explain the variation of diversity. We designed a standardized sampling scheme to trap small mammals at ten elevational bands across the entire elevational gradient on Yulong Mountain, southwest China.

Cytogeography and chromosomal variation of the endemic East Asian herb .

Information on the spatial distribution of cytotypes and karyotype variation in plants is critical for studies of the origin and evolution of polyploid complexes. Here, the spatial distribution of cytological races and intraspecific variation in the karyotype of , an endemic species to East Asia, is investigated. Conventional karyotype analysis methods were used to determine ploidy level and karyotypical characteristics in 2,420 individuals from 114 populations of .