Health checks for autistic adults: study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial.

Background: Autistic people commonly have physical and mental health conditions. They also frequently experience barriers to accessing healthcare, contributing to problems identifying and treating health conditions. These factors may lead to increased and earlier morbidity and lower average life expectancy for autistic people.

Reassessing the roles of oxidative DNA base lesion 8-oxoGua and repair enzyme OGG1 in tumorigenesis.

ROS cause multiple forms of DNA damage, and among them, 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoGua), an oxidized product of guanine, is one of the most abundant. If left unrepaired, 8-oxoGua may pair with A instead of C, leading to a mutation of G: C to T: A during DNA replication. 8-Oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1) is a tailored repair enzyme that recognizes 8-oxoGua in DNA duplex and initiates the base excision repair (BER) pathway to remove the lesion and ensure the fidelity of the genome.

A case of subcutaneous metastatic malignant melanoma of the left medial ankle: a case report and review of literature.

Background: Although rare, melanoma confined to the dermis or subcutaneous tissue without evidence of a primary cutaneous site should provoke consideration of melanoma of unknown primary. This diagnosis carries a favorable prognosis when compared with cutaneous metastatic melanoma. Several hypotheses have been proposed for how melanoma of unknown primary develops, two of which were considered in our patient case: (1) spontaneous regression of the primary tumor following metastasis or (2) the traumatic implantation of ectopic melanocytic cells in other tissues, such as the subcutaneous tissue.

Spatial transcriptomics reveals unique metabolic profile and key oncogenic regulators of cervical squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: As a prevalent and deadly malignant tumor, the treatment outcomes for late-stage patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) are often suboptimal. Previous studies have shown that tumor progression is closely related with tumor metabolism and microenvironment reshaping, with disruptions in energy metabolism playing a critical role in this process. To delve deeper into the understanding of CSCC development, our research focused on analyzing the tumor microenvironment and metabolic characteristics across different regions of tumor tissue.

Adaptive deep feature representation learning for cross-subject EEG decoding.

Background: The collection of substantial amounts of electroencephalogram (EEG) data is typically time-consuming and labor-intensive, which adversely impacts the development of decoding models with strong generalizability, particularly when the available data is limited. Utilizing sufficient EEG data from other subjects to aid in modeling the target subject presents a potential solution, commonly referred to as domain adaptation. Most current domain adaptation techniques for EEG decoding primarily focus on learning shared feature representations through domain alignment strategies.

Inferring transcriptomic dynamics implicated in odor fatty acid accumulation in adipose tissue of Hulun Buir sheep from birth to market.

This study aimed to investigate the temporal accumulation of odor fatty acids (OFAs) in the dorsal subcutaneous adipose tissue, and uncover their dynamic regulatory metabolic pathways from the transcriptomic perspective in lambs from birth to market. Thirty-two Hulun Buir lambs were selected and randomly assigned to four different sampling stages following their growth trajectories: neonatal (day 1), weaning (day 75), mid-fattening (day 150), and late-fattening (day 180) stages. Results indicated that the contents of three OFAs increased progressively as lambs matured, with the most drastic change occurred at mid-fattening vs.

Chromosome-scale assembly and annotation of the wild wheat relative Aegilops comosa.

Wild relatives of wheat are valuable sources for enhancing the genetic diversity of common wheat. Aegilops comosa, an annual diploid species with an MM genome constitution, possesses numerous agronomically valuable traits that can be exploited for wheat improvement. In this study, we report a chromosome-level genome assembly of Ae.

DS2 designer pre-fusion F vaccine induces strong and protective antibody response against RSV infection.

DS-Cav1, SC-TM, and DS2 are distinct designer pre-fusion F proteins (pre-F) of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) developed for vaccines. However, their immunogenicity has not been directly compared. In this study, we generated three recombinant vaccines using the chimpanzee adenovirus vector AdC68 to express DS-Cav1, SC-TM, and DS2.

Chromosome-level genome assembly of Triplophysa bombifrons using PacBio HiFi sequencing and Hi-C technologies.

Triplophysa bombifrons, a species of bony fish localized in China, has largely been understudied genetically, with limited data available beyond its mitochondrial genome. This study introduces a chromosome-level genome assembly for T. bombifrons, achieved through the integration of PacBio long-read sequencing and Hi-C chromatin interaction mapping.

General Practice chest x-ray rate is associated with earlier lung cancer diagnosis and reduced all-cause mortality: a retrospective observational study.

Background: Evidence on whether general practice rates of investigation in symptomatic patients using chest x-ray (CXR) affects outcomes is equivocal.

Aim: Determine if there is an association between rates of general practice (GP) requested CXR and lung cancer outcomes.

Design And Setting: Retrospective observational study (England) Methods: Cancer registry data for patients diagnosed with lung cancer 2014-2018 was linked to data on GP CXRs 2013-2017.

Disproportionality Analysis of Hepatotoxic and Gastrointestinal Adverse Events Associated With Nintedanib Using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) Database.

Background/aim: Nintedanib may cause adverse events such as elevated liver enzyme levels, diarrhea, and decreased appetite. These adverse events should be managed appropriately as they affect the quality of life of patients. This study has aimed to analyze patient characteristics and time-to-onset of adverse events caused by nintedanib using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database.

A Time-varying Analysis of General Practice Prescribing in the COVID-19 Era: Lessons from Prescription Dynamics in a Pandemic.

Background/aim: Pharmacotherapy is vital in medicine, but inappropriate and inadequate use of medications significantly impacts global mortality and morbidity. Increased prescribing may indicate irrational use or prolonged illness, while decreased prescribing could suggest undertreatment, supply shortages, or the availability of safer and, more effective treatments. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted health systems, potentially altering prescribing patterns.

Sertaconazole, an Imidazole Antifungal Agent, Suppresses the Stemness of Breast Cancer Cells by Inhibiting Stat3 Signaling.

Background/aim: Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are a subpopulation of tumor cells that play a role in therapeutic resistance. In this study, we demonstrated that sertaconazole, an antifungal agent, displayed a potent inhibition on cancer stem cells (CSCs) and investigated the mechanism of action involved in its anti-BCSC effect.

Materials And Methods: The effect of sertaconazole on BCSCs was investigated using a mammosphere formation assay, a colony formation assay, and a cell migration assay.

Suppression of Bone Formation and Resorption by the Deletion of Complex Gangliosides.

Background/aim: Gangliosides regulate bone formation and resorption. Bone formation is reduced in mice lacking ganglioside GM2/GD2 synthase due to a decrease in osteoblasts. However, the effects of the loss of complex gangliosides by the deletion of both GM2/GD2 and GD3 synthases are unknown.

Appendiceal Neuroendocrine Tumor: Clinicopathologic Characteristics of Six Cases and Review of the Literature.

Background/aim: Appendiceal neuroendocrine tumors (ANETs) are the most prevalent type of appendiceal neoplasm and the fifth most common neuroendocrine tumor in the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, we described the clinicopathological features of patients with ANET.

Patients And Methods: We reviewed the clinicopathological findings and histopathological reports of six patients diagnosed with ANET between January 2014 and December 2023 at Korea University Medical Center, Anam Hospital.

N Protein of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Proven to Be Antagonistic Against Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus in Nicotiana benthamiana.

Two phylogenetically unrelated viruses transmitted by different insect vectors, tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), are major threats to tomato and other vegetable production. Although co-infections of TSWV and TYLCV on the same host plant have been reported on numerous occasions, there is still lack of research attempting to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the relationship between two viruses when they coexist in the same tomato or other plants. After assessing the effect of four TSWV-coded proteins on suppressing TYLCV in TSWV N transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana seedlings, the TSWV N protein proved to be effective in reducing TYLCV quantity and viral symptoms.

Prevention of Stroke in Intracerebral Haemorrhage Survivors with Atrial Fibrillation: Rationale and Design for PRESTIGE-AF Trial.

Adequate secondary prevention in survivors of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) who also have atrial fibrillation (AF) is a long-standing clinical dilemma because these patients are at increased risk of recurrent ICH as well as of ischemic stroke. The efficacy and safety of oral anticoagulation, the standard preventive medication for ischemic stroke patients with AF, in ICH patients with AF are uncertain. PRESTIGE-AF is an international, phase 3b, multi-center, randomized, open, blinded end-point assessment (PROBE) clinical trial that compared the efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) with no DOAC (either no antithrombotic treatment or any antiplatelet drug).

Transcranial alternating current stimulation inhibits ferroptosis and promotes functional recovery in spinal cord injury via the cGMP-PKG signalling pathway.

Aims: This study explores the potential of neuromodulation, specifically transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), as a promising rehabilitative therapy in spinal cord injury (SCI).

Main Methods: By meticulously optimizing treatment parameters and durations, our objective was to enhance nerve regeneration and facilitate functional recovery. To assess the efficacy of tACS, our experiments used the rat T10 SCI model.

Synthesis of functional enzymes involved in glutathione production during linear motility in boar sperm.

Sperm cells are highly susceptible to oxidative stress, which decreases their motility and fertility. However, glutathione (GSH) plays a critical role in protecting sperm cells from oxidative damage, a common byproduct of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. On the other hand, GSH biosynthesis in sperm is limited by the availability of cysteine (Cys), which is inherently unstable and found at low concentrations in boar seminal plasma.

Identification of benzimidazole-6-carboxamide based inhibitors of secretory glutaminyl cyclase for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

The formation of the pyroglutamate variant of amyloid beta (pGlu-Aβ), which is extremely hydrophobic, rapidly aggregating, and highly neurotoxic, is mediated by the action of secretory glutaminyl cyclase (sQC). The pGlu-Aβ often acts as a seed for the aggregation of the full length Aβ and contributes to the overall load of Aβ plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, inhibiting sQC is a potential approach to limit the formation of pGlu-Aβ and to modify the progression of AD.

Transcription factor CaPHR3 enhances phosphate starvation tolerance by up-regulating the expression of the CaPHT1;4 phosphate transporter gene in pepper.

Plants frequently encounter phosphate (Pi) starvation due to its scarce availability in soil, necessitating an adaptive phosphate starvation response (PSR). This study explores this adaptation in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) under low-Pi stress, focusing on the PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE (PHR) gene family.

Supportive bandage, removable splint, or walking casts for low-risk ankle fractures in children: a feasibility randomized controlled trial.

Aims: It is unclear if a supportive bandage, removable splint, or walking cast offers the best outcome following low-risk ankle fractures in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial to compare these treatments.

Methods: Children aged five to 15 years with low-risk ankle fractures were recruited to this feasibility trial from 1 February 2020 to 30 March 2023.

Identification of a broad-inhibition influenza neuraminidase antibody from pre-existing memory B cells.

Identifying broadly reactive B precursor cells and conserved epitopes is crucial for developing a universal flu vaccine. In this study, using influenza neuraminidase (NA) mutant probes, we find that human pre-existing NA-specific memory B cells (MBCs) account for ∼0.25% of total MBCs, which are heterogeneous and dominated by class-unswitched MBCs.