Transient chemical-mediated epigenetic modulation confers unrestricted lineage potential on human primed pluripotent stem cells.

Human primed pluripotent stem cells are capable of generating all the embryonic lineages. However, their extraembryonic trophectoderm potentials are limited. It remains unclear how to expand their developmental potential to trophectoderm lineages.

The association of frailty and bedside body composition tools with total body potassium and body cell mass: a pilot study in adults with cirrhosis.

The accurate assessment of body composition in cirrhosis is challenging as fluid accumulation affects most techniques. The whole-body counter is a state-of-the-art method that measures total body potassium (TBK) unbiased by fluid, from which body cell mass (BCM) is derived. This pilot study in 20 patients with cirrhosis evaluated bedside tools including the liver frailty index (LFI), bioimpedance analysis-based phase angle, calf circumference (CC), and BMI (body mass index)/edema-adjusted CC, and explored their association with TBK and BCM.

Telomere-to-telomere Phragmites australis reference genome assembly with a B chromosome provides insights into its evolution and polysaccharide biosynthesis.

Phragmites australis is a globally distributed grass species (Poaceae) recognized for its vast biomass and exceptional environmental adaptability, making it an ideal model for studying wetland ecosystems and plant stress resilience. However, genomic resources for this species have been limited. In this study, we assembled a chromosome-level reference genome of P.

Arteriolar Elasticity Measurement in the Fingertip Based on Photoplethysmographic Volume-Oscillometry: A New Approach to the Assessment of Vasomotor Functions in the Microvasculature.

Purpose: Dysfunction of vasomotor reactions due to arteriolar smooth muscle causes serious adverse events, such as loss of hemodynamic coherence. This in turn can increase risks of cardiovascular-related diseases. A noninvasive and quantitative evaluation of microvascular disorder is therefore very important for early diagnosis and treatment.

Tucatinib and trastuzumab in HER2-mutated metastatic breast cancer: a phase 2 basket trial.

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2, also known as ERBB2) signaling promotes cell growth and differentiation, and is overexpressed in several tumor types, including breast, gastric and colorectal cancer. HER2-targeted therapies have shown clinical activity against these tumor types, resulting in regulatory approvals. However, the efficacy of HER2 therapies in tumors with HER2 mutations has not been widely investigated.

Somatic CAG repeat expansion in blood associates with biomarkers of neurodegeneration in Huntington's disease decades before clinical motor diagnosis.

Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease with the age at which characteristic symptoms manifest strongly influenced by inherited HTT CAG length. Somatic CAG expansion occurs throughout life and understanding the impact of somatic expansion on neurodegeneration is key to developing therapeutic targets. In 57 HD gene expanded (HDGE) individuals, ~23 years before their predicted clinical motor diagnosis, no significant decline in clinical, cognitive or neuropsychiatric function was observed over 4.

Propagation of neuronal micronuclei regulates microglial characteristics.

Microglia-resident immune cells in the central nervous system-undergo morphological and functional changes in response to signals from the local environment and mature into various homeostatic states. However, niche signals underlying microglial differentiation and maturation remain unknown. Here, we show that neuronal micronuclei (MN) transfer to microglia, which is followed by changing microglial characteristics during the postnatal period.

Formulation Factors Affecting the Formation of Visible-Bubbles During the Reconstitution Process of Freeze-Dried Etanercept Formulations: Protein Concentration, Stabilizers, and Surfactants.

Freeze drying is one of the common methods to extend the long-term stability of biologicals. Biological products in solid form have the advantages of convenient transportation and stable long-term storage. However, long reconstitution time and extensive visible bubbles are frequently generated during the reconstitution process for many freeze-dried protein formulations, which can potentially affect the management efficiency of staff, patient compliance, and product quality.

The role of host plants, land cover and bioclimate in predicting the invasiveness of Aromia bungii on a global scale.

Aromia bungii is an invasive Cerambycidae of major concern at the global scale because of the damage caused to Rosaceae. Given the major phytosanitary relevance of A. bungii, predicting its spread in invaded areas and identifying possible new suitable regions worldwide remains a key action to develop appropriate management practices and optimise monitoring and early detection campaigns.

Evolution of the umbilical cord blood proteome across gestational development.

Neonatal health is dependent on early risk stratification, diagnosis, and timely management of potentially devastating conditions, particularly in the setting of prematurity. Many of these conditions are poorly predicted in real-time by clinical data and current diagnostics. Umbilical cord blood may represent a novel source of molecular signatures that provides a window into the state of the fetus at birth.

Exploration of the shared diagnostic genes and molecular mechanism between obesity and atherosclerosis via bioinformatic analysis.

Obesity (OB) and atherosclerosis (AS) represent two highly prevalent and detrimental chronic diseases that are intricately linked. However, the shared genetic signatures and molecular pathways underlying these two conditions remain elusive. This study aimed to identify the shared diagnostic genes and the associated molecular mechanism between OB and AS.

Association between herpes simplex virus infection and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers: analysis within the MAPT trial.

In vitro and animal studies have suggested that inoculation with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) can lead to amyloid deposits, hyperphosphorylation of tau, and/or neuronal loss. Here, we studied the association between HSV-1 and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in humans. Our sample included 182 participants at risk of cognitive decline from the Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial who had HSV-1 plasma serology and an amyloid PET scan.

Clinical feasibility of deep learning-driven magnetic resonance angiography collateral map in acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke.

To validate the clinical feasibility of deep learning-driven magnetic resonance angiography (DL-driven MRA) collateral map in acute ischemic stroke. We employed a 3D multitask regression and ordinal regression deep neural network, called as 3D-MROD-Net, to generate DL-driven MRA collateral maps. Two raters graded the collateral perfusion scores of both conventional and DL-driven MRA collateral maps and measured the grading time.

Recombinant Expression of a New Antimicrobial Peptide Composed of hBD-3 and hBD-4 in Escherichia coli and Investigation of Its Activity Against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria.

Human β-defensin (HBD) has been recognized as a promising antimicrobial agent due to its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against various pathogens. In our previous work, we engineered a chimeric human β-defensin, designated H4, by fusing human β-defensin 3 and human β-defensin 4, resulting in enhanced antimicrobial activity and salt stability. However, the high cost of chemical synthesis due to the relatively large number of amino acids in H4 has limited its applications.

Transethosomes: A Comprehensive Review of Ultra-Deformable Vesicular Systems for Enhanced Transdermal Drug Delivery.

The transdermal route is one of the effective routes for delivering drugs. It also overcomes many limitations associated with oral delivery. One of the limitations of this route is the drug's poor skin permeability-stratum corneum, the skin's outermost layer that also acts as a barrier for the drug to penetrate.

Prediction of post-treatment recurrence in early-stage breast cancer using deep-learning with mid-infrared chemical histopathological imaging.

Predicting long-term recurrence of disease in breast cancer (BC) patients remains a significant challenge for patients with early stage disease who are at low to intermediate risk of relapse as determined using current clinical tools. Prognostic assays which utilize bulk transcriptomics ignore the spatial context of the cellular material and are, therefore, of limited value in the development of mechanistic models. In this study, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) chemical images of BC tissue were used to train deep learning models to predict future disease recurrence.

Climate change influences on the potential geographic distribution of the invasive Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis.

The Asian long-horned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann, 1901, is the competent vector for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV). Haemaphysalis longicornis originated mainly in eastern Asia and invaded many areas like Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific islands, and was recently introduced to eastern parts of the USA. This species is characterized by high adaptability to a wide range of temperatures and can reproduce parthenogenically under stressful conditions.

pir-hsa-216911 inhibit pyroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma by suppressing TLR4 initiated GSDMD activation.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a global health concern, ranking as the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. However, the role of piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) in HCC processes has not been extensively explored. Through small RNA sequencing, our study identified a specific piRNA, pir-hsa-216911, which is highly expressed in HCC cells.

A multiprotein regulatory module, MED16-MBR1&2, controls MED25 homeostasis during jasmonate signaling.

Mediator25 (MED25) has been ascribed as a signal-processing and -integrating center that controls jasmonate (JA)-induced and MYC2-dependent transcriptional output. A better understanding of the regulation of MED25 stability will undoubtedly advance our knowledge of the precise regulation of JA signaling-related transcriptional output. Here, we report that Arabidopsis MED16 activates JA-responsive gene expression by promoting MED25 stability.

Insights into excitonic behavior in single-atom covalent organic frameworks for efficient photo-Fenton-like pollutant degradation.

The generation of radicals through photo-Fenton-like reactions demonstrates significant potential for remediating emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) in complex aqueous environments. However, the excitonic effect, induced by Coulomb interactions between photoexcited electrons and holes, reduces carrier utilization efficiency in these systems. In this study, we develop Cu single-atom-loaded covalent organic frameworks (Cu/COFs) as models to modulate excitonic effects.

NKAPL facilitates transcription pause-release and bridges elongation to initiation during meiosis exit.

Transcription elongation, especially RNA polymerase II (Pol II) pause-release, is less studied than transcription initiation in regulating gene expression during meiosis. It is also unclear how transcription elongation interplays with transcription initiation. Here, we show that depletion of NKAPL, a testis-specific protein distantly related to RNA splicing factors, causes male infertility in mice by blocking the meiotic exit and downregulating haploid genes.

A Global Relationship Between Genome Size and Encoded Carbon Metabolic Strategies of Soil Bacteria.

Microbial traits are critical for carbon sequestration and degradation in terrestrial ecosystems. Yet, our understanding of the relationship between carbon metabolic strategies and genomic traits like genome size remains limited. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a global-scale meta-analysis of 2650 genomes, integrated whole-genome sequencing data, and performed a continental-scale metagenomic field study.

Tuning Dual Catalytic Active Sites of Pt Single Atoms Paired with High-Entropy Alloy Nanoparticles for Advanced Li-O Batteries.

To achieve a long cycle life and high-capacity performance for Li-O batteries, it is critical to rationally modulate the formation and decomposition pathway of the discharge product LiO. Herein, we designed a highly efficient catalyst containing dual catalytic active sites of Pt single atoms (Pt) paired with high-entropy alloy (HEA) nanoparticles for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in Li-O batteries. HEA is designed with a moderate d-band center to enhance the surface adsorbed LiO intermediate (LiO(ads)), while Pt active sites exhibit weak adsorption energy and promote the soluble LiO pathway (LiO(sol)).

Soil Nitrogen Supply Exerts Largest Influence on Leaf Nitrogen in Environments with the Greatest Leaf Nitrogen Demand.

Accurately representing the relationships between nitrogen supply and photosynthesis is crucial for reliably predicting carbon-nitrogen cycle coupling in Earth System Models (ESMs). Most ESMs assume positive correlations amongst soil nitrogen supply, leaf nitrogen content, and photosynthetic capacity. However, leaf photosynthetic nitrogen demand may influence the leaf nitrogen response to soil nitrogen supply; thus, responses to nitrogen supply are expected to be the largest in environments where demand is the greatest.