Decreases in hemoglobin and hematocrit may signal degree of hemorrhagic shock: retrospective evaluation in a dog model.

Objective: Data were extracted from preexisting published studies and evaluated retrospectively to compare lactate and base deficit values at baseline and posthemorrhage with changes in corresponding hemoglobin (Hb) and Hct measurements to assess any association of such changes with severity of hemorrhage over time. To understand the goal, the objective of this study was to demonstrate statistical changes in laboratory values as described above.

Methods: Previous prospectively designed experiments on 120 mixed-breed dogs were conducted.

An improved CapsNet based on data augmentation for driver vigilance estimation with forehead single-channel EEG.

Various studies have shown that it is necessary to estimate the drivers' vigilance to reduce the occurrence of traffic accidents. Most existing EEG-based vigilance estimation studies have been performed on intra-subject and multi-channel signals, and these methods are too costly and complicated to implement in practice. Hence, aiming at the problem of cross-subject vigilance estimation of single-channel EEG signals, an estimation algorithm based on capsule network (CapsNet) is proposed.

Diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in traumatic solid organ injuries in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) is a significant contributor to pediatric mortality, often causing liver and spleen injuries. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), the gold standard for diagnosing solid organ injury, poses radiation risks to children. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) may be a promising alternative imaging modality.

Nicotinamide Riboside and CD38: Covalent Inhibition and Live-Cell Labeling.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is required for a myriad of metabolic, signaling, and post-translational events in cells. Its levels in tissues and organs are closely associated with health conditions. The homeostasis of NAD is regulated by biosynthetic pathways and consuming enzymes.

Oxytocin neurons in the paraventricular and supraoptic hypothalamic nuclei bidirectionally modulate food intake.

Oxytocin (OT) is a neuropeptide produced in the paraventricular (PVH) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei of the hypothalamus. Either peripheral or central administration of OT suppresses food intake through reductions in meal size. However, pharmacological approaches do not differentiate whether observed effects are mediated by OT neurons located in the PVH or in the SON.

Multi-Omic Characterization of Single Cells and Cell-Free Components Detected in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Leptomeningeal Disease.

Background/objectives: Up to 30% of patients with breast cancers will develop brain or leptomeningeal metastases, and this risk is especially high with HER2-positive cancers. For patients with central nervous system metastases, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) liquid biopsies are a promising opportunity to monitor disease, inform treatment, and predict prognosis. This pilot study investigated CSF liquid biopsy analytes from three patients diagnosed with central nervous system metastases based on imaging but not confirmed via clinical cytology.

Discovery of penicillic acid as a chemical probe against tau aggregation in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder proven to be caused by the aggregation of protein tau into fibrils, resulting in neuronal death. The irreparable neuronal damage leads to irreversible symptoms with no cure; therefore, disaggregation of these tau fibrils could be targeted as a therapeutic approach to AD. Here we have developed a fungal natural product library to screen for secondary metabolites that have bioactive potential towards AD tau.

Endogenous mitochondrial NAD(P)H fluorescence can predict lifespan.

Many aging clocks have recently been developed to predict health outcomes and deconvolve heterogeneity in aging. However, existing clocks are limited by technical constraints, such as low spatial resolution, long processing time, sample destruction, and a bias towards specific aging phenotypes. Therefore, here we present a non-destructive, label-free and subcellular resolution approach for quantifying aging through optically resolving age-dependent changes to the biophysical properties of NAD(P)H in mitochondria through fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) of endogenous NAD(P)H fluorescence.

Discovery of PARP1-Sparing Inhibitors for Protein ADP-Ribosylation.

Poly-ADP-ribose polymerases (PARPs) that catalyze cellular ADP-ribosylation play important roles in human health. PARP inhibitors have found success in the clinic for cancer treatment. However, isoform-specific inhibitors are needed for improved safety.

An NAD with Dually Modified Adenine for Labeling ADP-Ribosylation-Specific Proteins.

Protein adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation participates in various pivotal cellular events. Its readers and erasers play key roles in modulating ADP-ribosylation-based signaling pathways. Unambiguous assignments of readers and erasers to individual ADP-ribosylated proteins provide insightful knowledge on ADP-ribosylation biology and require the development of tools and technologies for this goal.

Glottic opening detection using deep learning for neonatal intubation with video laryngoscopy.

Objective: This study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) method to augment video laryngoscopy (VL) by automating the detection of the glottic opening in neonates, as a step toward future studies on improving intubation outcomes.

Study Design: A deep learning model, YOLOv8, was trained on 1623 video frames from 84 neonatal intubations to detect the glottic opening and evaluated using 14-fold cross-validation on metrics like precision and recall. Additionally, it was compared with 25 medical providers of varied intubation experience to assess its relative performance.

Determining the efficacy of ExThera Seraph100 blood filtration in patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer through the liquid biopsy.

Background: Cancer becomes lethal as it spreads from the primary site to the rest of the body. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are biomarkers of disease progression and have been associated with decreased overall survival. Blood filtration is a novel concept for removing CTCs from circulation to improve patient prognosis.

Social health, activity behaviors, and quality of life among young adult cancer survivors: Protocol for a prospective observational study.

Approximately 85,000 adolescent and young adults (AYAs; age 15-39) are diagnosed with cancer in the United States annually. Experiencing a cancer diagnosis as an AYA can substantially impact social connections and social health. This paper describes the design and protocol of an observational study to prospectively assess social health and its association with physical activity and quality of life among AYAs after a cancer diagnosis.

Associations between less knee kinematic variability and worse patient-reported outcomes following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) exhibit less knee kinematic variability while walking than uninjured controls, associated with deleterious changes in cartilage composition linked to an increased risk for early knee osteoarthritis (KOA). It is unknown whether less knee kinematic variability is also associated with worse knee-related patient-reported outcomes (PROs) consistent with KOA development. This study examined associations between kinematic variability during gait and PROs in individuals post-ACLR.

Is racism like other trauma exposures? Examining the unique mental health effects of racial/ethnic discrimination on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).

Although scholars have increasingly drawn attention to the potentially traumatic nature of racial/ethnic discrimination, diagnostic systems continue to omit these exposures from trauma definitions. This study contributes to this discussion by examining the co-occurrence of conventional forms of potentially traumatic experiences (PTEs) with in-person and online forms of racism-based potentially traumatic experiences (rPTEs) like racial/ethnic discrimination. Additionally, we investigated the unique association of rPTEs with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), accounting for demographics and other PTEs.

Exposure to sugar rationing in the first 1000 days of life protected against chronic disease.

We examined the impact of exposure to sugar restrictions within 1000 days after conception on type 2 diabetes and hypertension, leveraging quasi-experimental variation from the end of the United Kingdom's sugar rationing in September 1953. Rationing restricted sugar intake to levels within current dietary guidelines, and consumption nearly doubled immediately after rationing ended. Using an event study design with UK Biobank data comparing adults conceived just before or after rationing ended, we found that early-life rationing reduced type 2 diabetes and hypertension risk by about 35 and 20% and delayed disease onset by 4 and 2 years, respectively.

Robust hybrid diffusion control for long-term scalable frost prevention.

Antifrosting surfaces are critical to the efficient and safe operation of infrastructure in cold and humid environments where deposition of frost (porous ice) is thermodynamically inevitable. Such infrastructure can include above-ground power cables and outdoor heat pumps. Here, we introduce a hybrid surface design that passively controls the diffusion of water vapor over a surface to sustain flat frost-free regions for long periods of time.

Bone-marrow macrophage-derived GPNMB protein binds to orphan receptor GPR39 and plays a critical role in cardiac repair.

Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) is a type I transmembrane protein initially identified in nonmetastatic melanomas and has been associated with human heart failure; however, its role in cardiac injury and function remains unclear. Here we show that GPNMB expression is elevated in failing human and mouse hearts after myocardial infarction (MI). Lineage tracing and bone-marrow transplantation reveal that bone-marrow-derived macrophages are the main source of GPNMB in injured hearts.