Considering the Bottom Edge Cutting Effect of the Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Milling Force Prediction Model and Optimization of Machining Parameters.

The milling force plays a pivotal role in CFRP milling. Modeling of the milling force is helpful to explore the changing law, optimize the processing parameters, and then reduce the appearance of defects. However, most of the existing models ignore the effect of the bottom edge.

Evaluation of the Protective Effect of a Nanoscale Deep Penetration Sealer in Improving Chloride Erosion Resistance of Concrete.

In this study, the protective effect of a Nanoscale Deep Penetration Sealer (NDPS) in improving the chloride erosion resistance of concrete was evaluated and the influence of water-cement ratio (/) and the NDPS spray volume on the protective effect was explored, in order to gain a deeper insight into the effect of NDPS on the durability of concrete in chloride environments. The thickness of the protective layer formed by NDPS within the concrete was determined and the effectiveness of this protective layer was verified. Based on the determination of the ability of NDPS to form a protective layer in concrete, the diffusion laws of chloride in concrete at different / and NDPS spray volumes were investigated, and a prediction model was established.

Perceived Training Needs of the Informal Caregivers of Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Due to the enormous caregiving burden faced by informal caregivers, providing appropriate skills training has become an important supporting strategy in many countries/regions. Understanding caregivers' training needs is instrumental in designing effective training intervention programs, which are expected to reduce the caregiving burden of informal caregivers and avoid the health deterioration associated with caregiving. This paper aims to explore the potential training needs of informal caregivers in Shanghai, and to identify the factors associated with these perceived training needs.

Effects of Substrate Temperature on Optical, Structural, and Surface Properties of Metal-Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy-Grown MgZnO Films.

MgZnO possesses a tunable bandgap and can be prepared at relatively low temperatures, making it suitable for developing optoelectronic devices. MgZnO (~0.1) films were grown on sapphire by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy under different substrate-growth temperatures of 350-650 °C and studied by multiple characterization technologies like X-ray diffraction (XRD), spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), Raman scattering, extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), and first-principle calculations.

The Evolution of Mechanical Properties and Cellular Structure of Apples During Freeze Drying Combined with Hot Air Drying (FD-HAD) Process.

Apples are one of the most popular fruits in the world and have a significant share in domestic and international fruit production. Drying is a common method used to extend the shelf life of apples. However, it also induces irregular morphological changes in apples, which are essential to maintaining the structural integrity of the material.

Ultrasonic Extraction of Polysaccharides from Leaf: Kinetics, In Vitro Activities, and Characterization.

This study explored the kinetics of ultrasonic extraction of polysaccharides (LP) from leaf (L), evaluated the in vitro bioactivity of L extracts and LP, and characterized the LP. A kinetic model was developed based on Fick's second law. A technique utilizing 400 W for 50 min was employed for the ultrasonic extraction of LP, with an optimal solid-liquid ratio established at 1:40 (g/mL).

In Vitro Analysis of LPS-Induced miRNA Differences in Bovine Endometrial Cells and Study of Related Pathways.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is one of the main factors inducing endometritis in dairy cows. However, the specific pathogenesis of LPS-induced endometritis in dairy cows is not fully understood. The objective of this study was to establish an in vitro endometritis model using LPS-induced bovine endometrial epithelial (BEND) cells.

The effects of rain and drought on incidence of enteric disease in Pennsylvania (2010-2019).

Background: Campylobacter, nontyphoidal Salmonella, Cryptosporidium, and Giardia cause an estimated 1 million cases of domestically acquired waterborne diseases annually in the United States. Acute symptoms can include diarrhea and vomiting; however, these illnesses can result in longer term complications such as reactive arthritis, Guillan Barré syndrome and death, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Precipitation and drought can plausibly increase the risk of enteric infections, but consensus in the literature is lacking.

Mental Health Benefits of Listening to Music During COVID-19 Quarantine: Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: COVID-19 has posed a significant global threat to public health due to its high contagion risk and lack of effective treatment. While quarantine measures have been crucial in controlling the virus' spread, they have also contributed to negative impacts on individuals' mental health. Music listening has emerged as a potential coping mechanism, yet it remains unclear whether mental well-being varies across music preferences.

A mining code for regulating lunar water ice mining activities.

Despite the increasing number of space launches, growth of the commercial space sector, signing of the Artemis Accords, maturation of space mining technologies, the emergence of a regulatory environment through domestic legislation, and a comprehensive body of international law, an intergovernmental governing authority has yet to be established to manage mining activities on the Moon. We developed a Lunar Mining Code and mapping tool to regulate and manage prospecting and exploration activities for water ice at the Moon's poles. The Lunar Mining Code is composed of a notification system to manage prospecting, a contract system for issuing exploration licenses to allotted areas on the Moon, and best mining practices and principles to promote equal access and safeguard the lunar environment.

Training, practice, and career considerations in forensic psychology: results from a field survey of clinical and non-clinical professionals in the United States.

The current field survey describes the identities, training, practices, and careers of 351 U.S. forensic psychologists.

Factors Required to Develop Strategic Purchasing for Diagnostic Imaging Services: An Expert Opinion.

Background: In recent decades, healthcare purchasing has been continuously searching for new approaches to improve performance. The pressure of expensive services resulting from more advanced health technology has increased the necessity of these changes. Strategic purchasing of health services, as a recommended approach, remains unknown in diagnostic imaging services.

The Normative Role of the Circular Plastics Alliance in the EU's Transition towards a European Circular Economy for Plastics.

The global pollution and waste crisis presents us with environmental and economic challenges which if not properly addressed could destabilise or threaten the survival and welfare of societies. The European Union is responding to the waste and pollution crisis through its circular economy agenda that adopts a broad life-cycle approach to the regulation of plastics from production, consumption, disposal, and recycling. To operationalise its agenda, the European Union seeks to mobilise all actors towards the objective of improving the economics of plastic recycling.

The Probabilistic Price of Life Across Time: Generational and Probabilistic Distance Render a Life Today Worth More Than Ten Tomorrow.

Is the certainty of saving a life today worth more than the less-certain possibility of saving 10 lives tomorrow? In six pre-registered studies with U.S. samples from Prolific ( = 5,095), we employed an intergenerational probability discounting task, discovering people discount the value of life as uncertainty and intergenerational distance from the present increase.

Out of Bounds: Physician Licensing Board Disciplinary Cases related to Opioid Prescribing.

Physician prescribing practices contributed to the US opioid epidemic, leading to increased regulation of opioid prescribing. In some instances, prescribers are unscrupulous or corrupt. They are criminally investigated and subject to prosecution.

Use of Public Research and Manufacturing Enterprises to Lower Prescription Drug Prices and Increase Innovation.

This article proposes building on the success of publicly funded drug research and development and expanding the model to include the full cycle development, testing, manufacture and distribution of innovative and affordable new drugs.

Biopreservation in Agriculture and Food Systems: A Summary of Ethical Issues.

Biomedical research on advanced cryopreservation has spillover effects on innovation in the food and agricultural sector. Advanced biopreservation technology has three key domains of impact in the food system: (1) improving efficiencies in storage and utilization of gametes and organoids for plant and animal breeding; (2) isochoric methods for preservation of fresh food products; and (3) in biorepositories for storage of genetic resources for agriculturally significant plants and livestock species.

Curricular Assessment Blueprint and Needs Analysis for the Social, Administrative, and Behavioral Foundational Sciences.

Objectives: The objective of this integrative review is to analyze conceptual topics, applied content, teaching and learning strategies, and assessment methods within social, administrative, and behavioral sciences (SAS) syllabi and literature. The goal is to evaluate opportunities for enhancing the adoption and implementation of Curricular Outcomes and Entrustable Professional Activities (COEPA) 2022. Recommendations to better inform curriculum and assessment planning efforts are presented for programs and faculty seeking to optimize the integration of SAS content.

Practitioners' perspectives on unintended effects of illicit drug use prevention public service announcements in Australia.

Public service announcements (PSAs) or campaigns aimed at preventing harm can inadvertently risk creating additional harms. It remains unclear whether these unintended effects are considered during campaign development, if risk mitigation strategies are implemented, or how professionals involved perceive these issues. It is in the context of illicit drug use prevention PSAs that our research investigates and explores the perspectives of practitioners-health support professionals and advertising campaign designers and creators.

Improving food safety compliance of potential employees through a novel model of knowledge, attitude, commitment, and practice.

The global burden of foodborne illnesses remains high due to consumption of contaminated food. Vigilant attention from all, particularly food handlers, is needed to address food safety concerns and minimize the risks that affect consumer health, international business, and tourism worldwide. The main objectives of this study were to: (i) evaluate the food safety knowledge, attitudes, commitment (involving affective, continuance, and normative types), and practices of students studying subjects related to food sciences in Jordanian universities and (ii) examine the impact of knowledge and attitude on commitment, and subsequently, on relevant practices using structural equation modeling.

Evaluation of joint external evaluation to COVID-19 and other infectious diseases mortality outcomes in 96 countries.

Background: This study evaluated the effectiveness of Joint External Evaluation (JEE) scores with regard to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other infectious diseases performance in 96 countries. To propose a revised JEE tool, potential JEE indicators were also examined.

Methods: JEE data from 2016-2019 were linked with outcomes such as COVID-19 fatality rates and infections, as well as mortality rates for other infectious diseases.

The Effect of the Mediterranean Diet-Integrated Gamified Home-Based Cognitive-Nutritional (GAHOCON) Training Programme for Older People With Cognitive Frailty: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Cognitive frailty is known to be associated with both nutrition and cognitive training. However, effective treatments that engage older adults with cognitive frailty in both the Mediterranean diet and cognitive training are lacking.

Objective: This study aims to examine the feasibility and preliminary effects of Gamified Home-Based Cognitive-Nutritional (GAHOCON) on older adults with cognitive frailty, focusing on Mediterranean diet knowledge, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, cognitive function, physical frailty, grip strength, walking speed, memory, and body composition.

Patient Voices: Lived Experiences of Decision-Making Process in Long-Term Antipsychotic Medication Treatment.

This research explores patients' perspectives on the decision-making process for long-term antipsychotic treatment. Twenty individuals on non-compulsory antipsychotic medications were interviewed, and their responses were analyzed using grounded theory. The analysis revealed three interconnected themes that suggest a cyclical process potentially eroding patient autonomy: According to participants' accounts, they often received limited information about dependence, withdrawal symptoms, or expected treatment duration before starting medication.