Inadequate Intensification of LDL-cholesterol lowering therapy after coronary revascularization: Insights from the GOULD registry.

Background: Patients with a history of coronary revascularization are at a higher risk for subsequent cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. Lowering LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels post-revascularization significantly reduces these risks.

Methods: This analysis compared LDL-C-lowering therapies at baseline and over time among patients with and without prior coronary revascularization in the GOULD registry (a prospective multicenter cohort study).

The interaction between values and self-identity on fairtrade consumption: The value-identity-behavior model.

The interplay between egoistic and altruistic values, self-identity, and ethical behaviors remains underexplored, despite its significance in ethical consumption. This study investigates these dynamics by developing and testing the Value-Identity-Behavior model using a robust dataset of 3023 participants from three leading fairtrade markets in Europe: the U.K.

Evidence on trends in uptake of childhood vaccines and association with COVID-19 vaccination rates.

Importance: Childhood vaccination rates have declined in recent years; there is also concern that resistance to COVID-19 vaccines could spill over to childhood vaccines.

Objectives: To use local-level data to study trends in childhood vaccination rates and heterogeneity in local rates; including how many areas are below herd-immunity thresholds, and assess the association between COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and childhood vaccination.

Design: We report, for 11 states with available data, vaccination rates for measles, mumps, rubella (MMR), and diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccines, including percentage of schools/counties with rates ≥95 %, 90-95 %, 80-90 %, and < 80 %.

The relationship between physical activity and sleep quality among college students: The chain-mediating effects of self-control and mobile phone addiction.

The psychological and physiological health of undergraduates was correlated with the sleep quality, which can be improved through increasing physical activity. However, the correlations between physical activity and sleep quality are subject to various factors. In this study, we investigated the effects of self-control and mobile phone addiction on the correlations between physical activity on undergraduates' sleep quality at the psychological and behavioral levels.

The effects of message framing on US police chiefs' support for interventions for opioid use disorder: a randomized survey experiment.

Background: US chiefs of police hold significant influence over the perceived acceptability and appropriateness of interventions for opioid use disorder (OUD) among the public, elected officials, and subordinate officers. This study assessed whether police chiefs' support for such interventions was sensitive to framing an intervention's benefits in terms that emphasize public health and harm reduction outcomes, versus terms typically indicative of public safety outcomes.

Methods: A two-armed survey utilizing a randomized, between-subjects design tested framing-based variance in support among US chiefs of police for overdose prevention centers, syringe service programs (SSPs), Good Samaritan laws, police naloxone distribution, trustworthiness of officers in recovery from OUD, and related propositions.

Frailty, comorbidity, and multimorbidity and their relation with medications adherence in primary care older adults.

Purpose: To assess and compare, through a retrospective cohort study, the relationships between frailty, comorbidity, multimorbidity, and levels of adherence to lipid-lowering drugs (LLDs), antihypertensives and antidepressants.

Methods: In a primary care database, we selected a cohort of patients aged 60 or older on December 31, 2022. The date of the first prescription of the aforementioned medications was the study index date.

Unlocking the door to mental wellness: exploring the impact of homeownership on mental health issues.

Background: Housing is an important social determinant of health. The objective of this study was to investigate the predictive role of homeownership in mental health outcomes.

Methods: The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2020 data (N = 401,958) were analyzed.

Assessment of household insecticide-treated bed net ownership, utilization, and associated factors in Kersa Woreda, Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia.

Background: An estimated 40% of the world's population lives in malaria-prone areas, there are 300-500 million malaria episodes worldwide, and at least one million malaria fatalities occur each year which makes malaria is a major public health concern [1]. In sub-Saharan Africa, malaria claims the lives of about 90% of all people worldwide. Today, there is a growing interest in using ITNs as one of the leading strategies for the prevention and control of malaria.

Weapon use during the index offense: a study among forensic psychiatry patients in Ontario, Canada.

Background: Understanding the nature and circumstances around the use of weapons to perpetrate an offense among individuals with mental illness is crucial for evidence-informed policies and actions. However, little is known about the prevalence and factors associated with weapon use during index offenses among patients in the forensic system. Therefore, the present study was designed to address this gap and determine the prevalence and the patient and victim characteristics associated with weapon use during the index offense in a Canadian province.

Health equity innovation in precision medicine: data stewardship and agency to expand representation in clinicogenomics.

Most forms of clinical research examine a very minute cross section of the patient journey. Much of the knowledge and evidence base driving current genomic medicine practice entails blind spots arising from underrepresentation and lack of research participation in clinicogenomic databases. The flaws are perpetuated in AI models and clinical practice guidelines that reflect the lack of diversity in data being used.

Trends and changes in the relationship between quality and price in tenders for healthcare services in the Israeli health system, 2013-2023.

Background And Objectives: Public healthcare systems face constraints in financial and professional resources. The Mandatory Tenders Law 5752 - 1992 stipulates that before entering into a contract for the supply of a service or product, public authorities and government corporations must undergo a public tender process. The authors sought to identify and contextualize the trends observed in tenders for healthcare services over the past decade amid increasingly stringent resource constraints.

Coupling CO capture process with electrochemically enhanced membrane distillation system for lithium-ion battery recovery: Reagent-Saving and environmental footprint reducing.

The evolution of energy structure and the push for carbon neutrality have triggered an urgent call for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, reclaiming end-of-life LIBs with high purity, high efficiency, and low environmental impact, particularly by eliminating chemical reagent usage and promoting a closed-loop carbon footprint, is challenging. Herein, we proposed a strategy that couples the carbon capture (CC) process with an electrochemically enhanced membrane distillation system (ECMD).

Human body donation programs best practices and recommended standards: A task force report from the American Association for Anatomy.

The American Association for Anatomy recently charged a task force with updating and expanding upon best practices and recommendations for human body donation programs. The task force comprised American Association for Anatomy members with specific and detailed knowledge about the legal, ethical, and procedural operations of body donation programs in the United States. The task force developed both foundational and aspirational recommendations.

Thermodynamic Langevin equations.

The physical significance of the stochastic processes associated to the generalized Gibbs ensembles is scrutinized here with special attention to the thermodynamic fluctuations of small systems. Differently from the so-called stochastic thermodynamics, which starts from stochastic versions of the first and second law of thermodynamics and associates thermodynamic quantities to microscopic variables, here we consider stochastic variability directly in the macroscopic variables. By recognizing the potential structure of the Gibbs ensembles, when expressed as a function of the potential entropy generation, we obtain exact nonlinear thermodynamic Langevin equations (TLEs) for macroscopic variables, with drift expressed in terms of entropic forces.

Gaussian level-set percolation on complex networks.

We present a solution of the problem of level-set percolation for multivariate Gaussians defined in terms of weighted graph Laplacians on complex networks. It is achieved using a cavity or message passing approach, which allows one to obtain the essential ingredient required for the solution, viz. a self-consistent determination of locally varying percolation probabilities.

Protecting historically marginalized groups or targeted marketing? A computational analysis of individuals engaging with public and protected cigar-branded tweets.

Introduction: Swisher Sweets, a leading brand of little cigars and cigarillos in the United States, switched its Twitter account to protected status, limiting access to its tweets. This study examines how the protected status of Swisher Sweets tweets influences post engagement, aiming to inform regulatory strategies for branded tobacco promotions on social media.

Method: Using natural language processing, we predicted the demographics of individuals replying to Swisher Sweets' public and protected tweets.

Forbidden, yet common: Female genital cutting among the Oromo in central Ethiopia.

This article answers the question 'why female genital cutting (FGC) has remained common among the Oromo in central Ethiopia when it is legally forbidden.' Primary data for this article were generated through key informant interviews and focus group discussions, while secondary data were gathered from online and archives in the research site. Our findings indicate that the government tries to use legislative and health approaches in its efforts to terminate FGC.

Interorganisational emergency management coordination challenges in a resource-scarce environment: a case study of El Salvador post COVID-19.

The COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic pinpointed the vulnerability of nations to disasters regardless of their relative level of development. The coordination of their emergency management response organisations was seen as extremely important in not only dealing with the global health emergency, but also with respect to natural hazards and public health threats in the future. Coming to these conclusions and working to enhance a country's coordination of emergency management actors are, however, two very different things.

In vitro antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential against colorectal cancer cell lines using ethanolic leaf extract of Sansevieria trifasciata (Agavaceae).

Background: Sansevieria trifasciata, common name, mother-in-law's tongue, is a member of the Agavaceae family. We undertook this study to evaluate the cytotoxicity of S. trifasciata leaf extract against two cancer cell lines as well as its antibacterial activities against six bacterial strains.

Harms from others' drinking among college students: Prevalence and risk factors, 2022.

Introduction: Alcohol's harms to others (AHTO) refers to the negative effects experienced by individuals other than the drinker. This study investigates the prevalence and risk factors of AHTOs among US college students (sophomores/juniors), based on the first national probability-based survey conducted in 20 years.

Methods: We assessed AHTOs in the fall of 2021 from 1918 participants across 46 US schools, weighting the data to reflect the US undergraduate sophomore/junior population.