Defecation enhances cerebral perfusion and delays fatigue in elite triathletes.

Background: Rectal distension increases regulatory burden to autonomic nervous system in the brain.

Purpose: To determine the effect of rectal defecation on endurance performance and blood supply to the prefrontal brain and sub-navel regions of elite triathletes.

Methods: Thirteen elite triathletes completed a cycling time trial (80% VO) under defecated and non-defecated conditions, using a counterbalanced crossover design.

Repeated unilateral handgrip contractions alter functional connectivity and improve contralateral limb response times.

In humans, motor learning is underpinned by changes in sensorimotor network functional connectivity (FC). Unilateral contractions increase FC in the ipsilateral primary motor cortex (M1) and supplementary motor area (SMA); areas involved in motor planning and execution of the contralateral hand. Therefore, unilateral contractions are a promising approach to augment motor performance in the contralateral hand.

Top-cited works about exercise for knee osteoarthritis: a bibliometric analysis from 2000 to 2021.

Objective: Previous trials demonstrated the effectiveness of exercise in improving pain and functional impairment in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). However, a bibliometric analysis of top-cited papers on exercise treatment for KOA has not yet been conducted. The aim of the present study was to critically analyze the bibliometric characteristics of the most frequently cited articles on exercise treatment for KOA.

Drugs to Treat Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Disorders.

Neuroinflammation is associated with disorders of the nervous system, and it is induced in response to many factors, including pathogen infection, brain injury, toxic substances, and autoimmune diseases. Astrocytes and microglia have critical roles in neuroinflammation. Microglia are innate immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS), which are activated in reaction to neuroinflammation-inducing factors.

Preliminary revision of the in Chinese athletes.

Objective: The work aimed to revise the () applicable to Chinese athletes.

Methods: Five hundred and thirty-eight professional athletes from Chinese sports colleges and provincial sports teams were selected by cluster random sampling. Then, the was analyzed for project analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, criterion-related validity analysis, and reliability analysis.

A Nature's Way-Our Way Pilot Project Case Assemblage: (Re)Storying Child/Physical Literacy/Land Relationships for Indigenous Preschool-Aged Children's Wholistic Wellness.

Physical literacy (PL) is gaining more attention from educational policy-makers, practitioners, and researchers as a way to improve health and wellness outcomes for children and youth. While the development of PL is important for early years children, there is limited attention in the literature that explores the political, cultural, and social discourses imbued in colonialism that implicate how PL is actualized in Indigenous early childhood education (ECE) contexts. This case assemblage explores how the culturally rooted, interdisciplinary, and community-based PL initiative, Nature's Way-Our Way (NWOW), negotiated movement with three early childhood educators in the pilot project with an early childhood education centre (ECEC) in Saskatchewan, Canada.

Anal Cancer: The Past, Present and Future.

Anal cancer is a rare cancer that accounts for about 2% of all gastrointestinal tract malignancies. Among anal cancer, squamous cell cancer is the most common malignancy. The incidence of all stages of anal squamous cell cancer has been increasing.

GGC Repeat Expansion in Patients With Vascular Leukoencephalopathy.

Background: Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID), caused by GGC (guanine-guanine-cytosine) repeat expansion in , has several clinical and radiological features akin to cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). The present study tested the hypothesis that GGC expansion may contribute to cSVD.

Methods: One hundred and ninety-seven unrelated patients with genetically unsolved vascular leukoencephalopathy without , , and mitochondrial m.

Softball Pitchers' Body Segment Girths Are Associated with Varied Biomechanics at Ball Release of the Pitch.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between pitcher trunk and throwing arm girth with kinematics at ball release of the softball pitch. Softball pitchers can be of various shapes and sizes; however, it is unknown if segment girth might influence pitch biomechanics. Because of the importance of body positioning at ball release of the windmill pitch, this study examined the relationship between segment girth and pitch biomechanics at ball release.

Associations of Cultural Characteristics with Sedentary Behaviour and Screen Time Among Indigenous Adults in Saskatchewan.

Background: Indigenous Peoples: First Nations, Métis and Inuit, have experienced significant disruptions of physical, mental, emotional and spiritual health and well-being through centuries of ongoing colonization and assimilation. Consequently, breakdown of cultural connections, increasingly sedentary lifestyles and high levels of screen time contribute to health inequity experiences.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine associations of cultural connectedness with sedentary behaviour and the influence of relocation from home communities for Indigenous Peoples in Saskatchewan.

Poly (trimethylene carbonate)/doxycycline hydrochloride films in the treatment of Achilles tendon defect in rats.

In this study, Poly (trimethylene carbonate)/Doxycycline hydrochloride (PTMC/DH) films were introduced to repair the Achilles tendon defects for the first time. (PTMC/DH) films with different DH content of 10, 20, and 30% (w/w) were prepared by solvent casting. The and drug release of the prepared PTMC/DH films was investigated.

Prevention of COVID-19 during youth ice hockey.

Ice hockey players are susceptible to COVID-19 because of close contact and poor arena ventilation. Preventive strategies include reducing arena crowding, practice strategies that reduce clustering of players, at-home rapid tests, symptom screening, and face mask or vaccine recommendations for spectators, coaches, and players. Face masks have little effect on physiological responses or performance and reduce COVID-19 transmission, but shifts should be shortened later in periods to reduce perceived exertion and players should be encouraged to assume a classic "hockey stance" when puck handling to improve peripheral vision.

Modeling the Dynamics of Children's Musculoskeletal Fitness.

This study models children's musculoskeletal fitness (MSF) developmental trajectories and identifies individual differences related to effects of time-invariant, as well as time-varying covariates. A total of 348 Portuguese children (177 girls) from six age cohorts were followed for three years. MSF tests (handgrip strength, standing long jump and shuttle run), age, body mass index (BMI), socioeconomic status (SES), gross motor coordination (GMC) and physical activity (PA) were assessed.

Creatine ameliorates high-fat diet-induced obesity by regulation of lipolysis and lipophagy in brown adipose tissue and liver.

Diet-induced obesity in mice and humans is commonly associated with an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. Reportedly, creatine can enhance energy expenditure in brown adipose tissue and reduce hepatic triglycerides accumulation; however, the molecular mechanism underlying the role of exogenous creatine supplementation in regulating lipid droplet mobilization remains elusive. Herein, we employed a high-fat diet (HFD)- induced mouse model to investigate the role of creatine in regulating lipolysis and lipophagy in brown adipose tissue and the liver.

Cardiac cycle timing intervals in university varsity athletes.

Cardiac cycle timing events in varsity athletes serve an important function for baseline assessment but are not reported in the literature. The purpose of this study was to characterise the cardiac cycle timing intervals and contractility parameters in university-level varsity athletes. 152 males and 93 females were assessed using a non-invasive seismocardiography cardiac sensor attached to the sternum for 1-minute.

The effect of bright light therapy in migraine patients with sleep disturbance: A prospective, observational cohort study protocol.

Background: Migraine is a common disabling disorder, and its substantial burden is associated with a considerable negative impact on the patients' quality of life. Moreover, aging patients with migraine have more cognitive complaints. Additionally, the elderly are more likely to have sleep disturbances, which may also predict the risk of incident dementia.

Impact of gut-brain interaction in emerging neurological disorders.

The central nervous system (CNS) is a reservoir of immune privilege. Specialized immune glial cells are responsible for maintenance and defense against foreign invaders. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents detrimental pathogens and potentially overreactive immune cells from entering the periphery.

The mechanism and effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for post-stroke pain.

Post-stroke pain (PSP) is a common complication after stroke and affects patients' quality of life. Currently, drug therapy and non-invasive brain stimulation are common treatments for PSP. Given the poor efficacy of drug therapy and various side effects, non-invasive brain stimulation, such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), has been accepted by many patients and attracted the attention of many researchers because of its non-invasive and painless nature.

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome after Lenvatinib Therapy in a Patient with Olfactory Neuroblastoma.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a rare but severe neurological syndrome that may stem from the use of some medications. Although its mechanism is not well-known, hypertension and endothelial dysfunction have been mentioned in previous literature as being related. Lenvatinib serves as a neoplastic agent that inhibits the tyrosine kinase of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR).

The effects of body size and training environment on the physical performance of adolescent basketball players: the INEX study.

Background: Although adolescent basketballers differ in body size, shape, and composition, less is known about how these factors interact during physical development.

Aim: We used ontogenetic allometry to identify the optimal body size and shape characteristics associated with physical performance in adolescent basketball players, and investigated the effects of training experience, training volume, maturity status, and club characteristics on physical performance development.

Subjects And Methods: Two hundred and sixty-four male basketballers, from five age-cohorts (11-15 years of age), were followed consecutively over three years.

The main e-cigarette component vegetable glycerin enhances neutrophil migration and fibrosis in endotoxin-induced lung injury via p38 MAPK activation.

We investigated the effects of vegetable glycerin (VG), a main e-cigarette constituent, on endotoxin-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Mice received intratracheal administration of 30% VG in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) vehicle or only PBS (control) for 4 days. On Day 5, mice received an intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (LPS group and VG + LPS group) or PBS (VG group and control group).

Cross-Correlations between Scientific Physical Fitness, Body Mass Index Distribution, and Overweight/Obesity Risks among Adults in Taiwan.

: Health-related physical fitness reduces the risk of chronic disease, promotes quality of life, and has enormous economic benefits considering the global health care costs resulting from obesity. However, relatively limited information is available regarding the dose-response relationship between scientific physical fitness and obesity risk. This study aimed to determine the associations of scientific physical fitness with body mass index (BMI) distribution and overweight/obesity risk among adults aged 23-64 years in Taiwan.