A scoping review of Indigenous community-specific physical activity measures developed with and for Indigenous Peoples in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.

Historical factors including colonization and ongoing socioeconomic inequities impact Indigenous Peoples' ability to mitigate chronic disease risks such as achieving recommended physical activity (PA) levels. Reliably assessing, reflecting, and promoting PA participation among Indigenous Peoples may be impacted by a lack of culturally appropriate assessment methods and meaningful engagement with Indigenous communities throughout the research process. The objectives of this scoping review were to examine: (1) How PA research with Indigenous Peoples used community-specific PA measures developed with and/or for Indigenous Peoples in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand; and (2) How the studies utilized community-based participatory research (CBPR) principles to engage communities.

Comparative effectiveness and safety of inhaled corticosteroid plus long-acting β-agonist fixed-dose combinations vs. long-acting muscarinic antagonist in bronchiectasis.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of fixed-dose combination (FDC) inhaled corticosteroids/long-acting β-agonists (ICS/LABA) in bronchiectasis.

Research Design And Methods: A retrospective cohort study analyzed electronic medical records of bronchiectasis patients initiating ICS/LABA FDC or LAMA between 2007 and 2021. All bronchiectasis diagnoses were made by radiologists using high-resolution computed tomography.

Acute effects of resistance-type and cycling-type high-intensity interval training on arterial stiffness, cardiac autonomic modulation and cardiac biomarkers.

Background: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been shown to enhance cardiovascular health. However, there is a lack of research investigating the specific cardiovascular effects of different HIIT training modes. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the acute effects of cycling-type high intensity interval training (C-HIIT) and resistance-type high intensity interval training (R-HIIT) on arterial stiffness, cardiac autonomic modulation, and cardiac biomarkers in healthy young men.

Community directed assessment of pain in a northern Saskatchewan Cree community.

Indigenous Elder advisors in Pelican Narrows, a Cree community in Northern Saskatchewan, have indicated that Western pain scales may not be responsive tools for pain assessments within their community. This study employed a mixed methods research design that involved two phases. Phase one was the development of a pain scale in collaboration with an Elder and a Knowledge Keeper.

Assessing Support for Policy Actions With Co-Benefits for Climate Change and Physical Activity in Canada.

Background: Calls to action addressing the interconnections between physical (in)activity and the climate crisis are increasing. The current study aimed to investigate public support for policy actions that potentially have co-benefits for physical activity promotion and climate change mitigation.

Methods: In 2023, a survey through the Angus Reid Forum was completed by 2507 adults living in Canada.

Effect of resistance training programs differing in set structure on muscular hypertrophy and performance in untrained young men.

This study aimed to compare the effects on muscle hypertrophy and muscular performance of two resistance training (RT) programs that differed only in set structure: traditional set structure (TS) vs. rest redistribution set structure (RR). Thirty untrained young men were pair-matched and randomly assigned to a TS ( = 15) or an RR ( = 15) protocol based on individual baseline measures.

Re-assessing the social climate of physical (in)activity in Canada.

Social-ecological models suggest that a strategy for increasing population physical activity participation is to reconstruct the "social climate" through changing social norms and beliefs about physical activity (PA). In this study, we assessed whether the PA social climate in Canada has changed over a five-year period after controlling for sociodemographic factors and PA levels. Replicating a survey administered in 2018, a sample of adults in Canada (n = 2,507) completed an online survey assessing social climate dimensions, including but not limited to descriptive and injunctive norms.

Association between dietary antioxidant and fatty acids and low muscle mass in obese and non-obese community-dwelling older adults: An NHANES analysis.

Sarcopenia increases disability, hospital stays, readmissions, and mortality in older adults. Antioxidative nutrients and fatty acids consumption may help maintain muscle mass by reducing oxidative stress. This study aims to assess the association between antioxidant and fatty acid intake and low muscle mass in community-dwelling older people.

Effect of PS128 on neuromuscular efficiency after a half-marathon.

PS128 (PS128) could be considered an antioxidant supplement to reduce muscle fatigue and improve exercise capacity recovery after vigorous exercise. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of PS128 on muscle fatigue and electromyography (EMG) activity after a half-marathon (HM). The experimental design used a repeated-measures design with a double-blind approach.

A park-based group mobility program for older adults with difficulty walking outdoors: a quantitative process evaluation of the Getting Older Adults Outdoors (GO-OUT) randomized controlled trial.

Background: Process evaluations of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of community exercise programs are important to help explain the results of a trial and provide evidence of the feasibility for community implementation. The objectives of this process evaluation for a multi-centre RCT of outdoor walking interventions for older adults with difficulty walking outdoors, were to determine: 1) implementation fidelity (the extent to which elements of the intervention were delivered as specified in the original protocol) and 2) participant engagement (the receipt of intervention components by the participants) in the Getting Older Adults Outdoors (GO-OUT) trial.

Methods: GO-OUT participants attended an active 1-day workshop designed to foster safe, outdoor walking skills.

"That's too stereotypical … I don't want that to be how I identify": Identity and body-related sport experiences of racialized young women athletes in Canada.

There is minimal research on the sport experiences of racialized young women athletes in Canada. When studying racialized groups, an inclusive and meaningful approach to research is necessary because ethnicity and race are integral to understanding identity, diversity, discrimination, and overall experiences in sport. The purpose of this qualitative description study was to explore the identities and body-related sport experiences of racialized young women athletes in a variety of sports in Canada.

Functionalized TMC and ε-CL elastomers with shape memory and self-healing properties.

Smart elastomers, which possess self-healing and shape memory capabilities, have immense potential in the field of biomedical applications. Polycarbonates and polyesters have gained widespread interest due to their remarkable biocompatibility over the last century. Nevertheless, the lack of functional versatility in conventional polyesters and polycarbonates means that they fall short of meeting the ever-evolving demands of the future.

Biodegradable polyester-based nano drug delivery system in cancer chemotherapy: a review of recent progress (2021-2023).

Cancer presents a formidable threat to human health, with the majority of cases currently lacking a complete cure. Frequently, chemotherapy drugs are required to impede its progression. However, these drugs frequently suffer from drawbacks such as poor selectivity, limited water solubility, low bioavailability, and a propensity for causing organ toxicity.

Augmented sympathoexcitation slows postexercise heart rate recovery.

Slow heart rate recovery following exercise may be influenced by persistent sympathoexcitation. This study examined ) the effect of muscle metaboreflex activation (MMA) on heart rate recovery following dynamic exercise; and ) whether the effect of MMA on heart rate recovery is reversible by reducing sympathoexcitation [baroreflex activation via phenylephrine (PE)] in canines. Twenty-two young adults completed control and MMA protocols during cycle ergometry at 110% ventilatory threshold with 5 min recovery.

Effects of hemp supplementation during resistance training in trained young adults.

Purpose: Hemp contains protein with high concentrations of the branched-chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine and oils that have anti-inflammatory properties. Our purpose was to investigate the effects of hemp supplementation during resistance training in trained young adults.

Methods: Males (n = 22, 29 ± 8y) and females (n = 12, 30 ± 9y) were randomized (double-blind) to receive 60 g/d of hemp (containing 40 g protein and 9 g oil) or 60 g/d of soy (matched for protein and calories) during eight weeks of resistance training (~  4x/week).

Minimal amount of exercise prevents incident dementia in cognitively normal older adults with osteoarthritis: a retrospective longitudinal follow-up study.

Robust evidence suggests that regular exercise, including walking more than 6000 steps, is effective for preventing dementia; however, such activity is less feasible in older people with osteoarthritis (OA) or other motor disabilities. Therefore, we aimed to test whether the minimal amount of exercise (MAE) could help prevent dementia in older adults with OA. A retrospective longitudinal study was performed and a non-demented cohort (≥ 50-years-old) of 242 people (155 [64.

Certainty of Evidence Assessment in Systematic Reviews Published by High-Impact Sports Science Journals: A Meta-epidemiological Study.

Background: Assessing certainty of evidence is a key element of any systematic review. The aim of this meta-epidemiology study was to understand the frequency and ways with which certainty of evidence is assessed in contemporary systematic reviews published in high-impact sports science journals.

Methods: We searched PubMed and relevant journal web sites from 1 August 2016 to 11 October 2022 for systematic reviews published in the top-ten highest-impact journals within the 2020 Journal Citation Report for the Sports Sciences category.

A quantitative assessment of the predictive utility of grit in sport.

In high-performance sport, an athlete's ability to overcome setbacks and sustain their pursuit of long-term goals is essential for success. Grit (i.e.

Impact of 14 Days of Bed Rest in Older Adults and an Exercise Countermeasure on Body Composition, Muscle Strength, and Cardiovascular Function: Canadian Space Agency Standard Measures.

Introduction: Head-down bed rest (HDBR) has long been used as an analog to microgravity, and it also enables studying the changes occurring with aging. Exercise is the most effective countermeasure for the deleterious effects of inactivity. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of an exercise countermeasure in healthy older participants on attenuating musculoskeletal deconditioning, cardiovascular fitness level, and muscle strength during 14 days of HDBR as part of the standard measures of the Canadian Space Agency.

Patient and hospital characteristics associated with do-not-resuscitate/do-not-intubate orders: a cross-sectional study based on the Taiwan stroke registry.

Background: Previous studies of do-not-resuscitate (DNR) or do-not-intubate (DNI) orders in stroke patients have primarily been conducted in North America or Europe. However, characteristics associated with DNR/DNI orders in stroke patients in Asia have not been reported.

Methods: Based on the Taiwan Stroke Registry, this nationwide cross-sectional study enrolled hospitalized stroke patients from 64 hospitals between 2006 and 2020.