TRIM28-dependent developmental heterogeneity determines cancer susceptibility through distinct epigenetic states.

Mutations in cancer risk genes increase susceptibility, but not all carriers develop cancer. Indeed, while DNA mutations are necessary drivers of cancer, only a small subset of mutated cells go on to cause the disease. To date, the mechanisms underlying individual cancer susceptibility remain unclear.

Altered Effective Connectivity Within a Thalamocortical Corollary Discharge Network in Individuals With Schizophrenia.

Background And Hypothesis: Sequential saccade planning requires corollary discharge (CD) signals that provide information about the planned landing location of an eye movement. These CD signals may be altered among individuals with schizophrenia (SZ), providing a potential mechanism to explain passivity and anomalous self-experiences broadly. In healthy controls (HC), a key oculomotor CD network transmits CD signals from the thalamus to the frontal eye fields (FEF) and the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and also remaps signals from FEF to IPS.

Incidental Diagnosis of Occult Maternal Malignancy With Routine Noninvasive Prenatal Testing During Pregnancy.

The noninvasive prenatal test (NIPT) for genetic screening has been adopted globally as an alternative to first-trimester and quad screening due to its high sensitivity and specificity. NIPT involves detecting and processing foreign fetal DNA in maternal circulation to screen for fetal aneuploidy. An incidental consequence of this process is the detection of foreign tumor cell DNA in maternal circulation in otherwise asymptomatic patients.

A systematic review to determine the effect of strategies to sustain chronic disease prevention interventions in clinical and community settings.

This review assessed the effect of strategies designed to sustain the delivery of evidenced based interventions (EBIs) which target behavioural risk factors linked to leading causes of chronic disease in clinical and community settings. Seven electronic databases were searched for randomised controlled studies published from earliest record to November 2022. Studies were included if they tested a strategy to sustain the delivery of an EBI within clinical or community settings.

A novel transgenic reporter of extracellular acidification in zebrafish elucidates skeletal muscle T-tubule pH regulation.

Disruption of extracellular pH and proton-sensing can profoundly impact cellular and protein functions, leading to developmental defects. To visualize changes in extracellular pH in the developing embryo, we generated a zebrafish transgenic line that ubiquitously expresses the ratiometric pH-sensitive fluorescent protein pHluorin2, tethered to the extracellular face of the plasma membrane using a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. Monitoring of pHluorin2 with ratiometric fluorescence revealed dynamic and discrete domains of extracellular acidification over the first 72 h of embryonic development.

Distinct subcellular localization of tau and alpha-synuclein in lewy body disease.

Lewy bodies and neurofibrillary tangles, composed of α-synuclein (α-syn) and tau, respectively, often are found together in the same brain and correlate with worsening cognition. Human postmortem studies show colocalization of α-syn and tau occurs in Lewy bodies, but with limited effort to quantify colocalization. In this study, postmortem middle temporal gyrus tissue from decedents (n = 9) without temporal lobe disease (control) or with Lewy body disease (LBD) was immunofluorescently labeled with antibodies to phosphorylated α-syn (p-α-syn), tau phosphorylated at Ser202/Thr205 (p-tau), or exposure of tau's phosphatase-activating domain (PAD-tau) as a marker of early tau aggregates.

An Unexpected Case of Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma of the Cervix in a Non-Diethylstilbestrol-Exposed Postmenopausal Woman.

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the cervix (CCAC) is a rare subtype of cervical adenocarcinoma. It has been linked to intrauterine exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) but can happen in non-DES-exposed patients, albeit less commonly. Presentation is largely vaginal bleeding, emphasizing the importance of considering CCAC in the differential of abnormal vaginal bleeding despite the tumor's rarity.

Novel Concept of Electrocoagulation and Tumor Cell Implantation: Creation of Minimally Invasive Orthotopic Murine Model of Pancreatic Cancer.

Background: Orthotopic murine models of pancreatic cancer represent an important tool for evaluating treatment strategies. Several genetically modified mouse tumors and xenograft models have been reported. Genetic models have unpredictable growth and variable waiting period, while orthotopic models are operative ones, difficult to create and result in irregular metastasis.

Current landscape of immunotherapy in esophageal cancer: a literature review.

Background And Objective: Esophageal cancer has witnessed a significant shift in its epidemiology within the United States. Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus is now the fastest-growing solid malignancy, surpassing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in frequency. There has been a concentrated effort to establish new therapies for dealing with this malignancy including immunotherapy in conjunction with surgery and radiotherapy.

Evaluation of Jaundice in Adults.

Jaundice is an indication of hyperbilirubinemia and is caused by derangements in bilirubin metabolism. It is typically apparent when serum bilirubin levels exceed 3 mg/dL and can indicate serious underlying disease of the liver or biliary tract. A comprehensive medical history, review of systems, and physical examination are essential for differentiating potential causes such as alcoholic liver disease, biliary strictures, choledocholithiasis, drug-induced liver injury, hemolysis, or hepatitis.

Burden of death associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection during the pandemic in Flint, Michigan (MI), mortality trends over the 2-year period: impact of social and health inequities.

Background: This cross-sectional study aims to determine the mortality trends in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection during the pandemic in Flint, MI.

Methods: Records from 1,663 consecutive adult patients (≥18 years of age) with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, admitted and discharged from our facility from 03/2020 through 02/2022, were abstracted and analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between study explanatory variables (ie, sex, age, co-morbidities, etc.

Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome After Bariatric Surgery.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) commonly co-occurs with obesity, medical comorbidities, and psychiatric symptoms. Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for co-occurring obesity and PCOS. While the incidence of PCOS declines substantially after bariatric surgery, the condition is still present for a subset of women.

Impaired Hepatitis B and COVID-19 vaccination responses show strong concordance in hemodialysis patients with end stage renal disease.

Background: Patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis are at increased risk for infection and impaired vaccination responses. We analyzed overlap and influencing factors of vaccination responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus disease 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Hepatitis B virus (HBV).

Methods: SARS-CoV-2 and HBV vaccination response was assessed in a cohort of German ESRD hemodialysis patients.

Global Review of Tools Evaluating Quality of Life in Cervical Cancer Survivors Treated With Chemoradiation Therapy.

Purpose: This systematic review aimed to identify and compare tools used to evaluate quality of life (QoL) after pelvic radiation for cervical cancer and to describe variations in results within commonly used instruments. This review hypothesized regional preferences in the selection of these tools and an absence of uniformity in their application globally.

Methods And Materials: A comprehensive search of 6 databases was conducted between the inception of each included database and June 14, 2023, focusing on studies evaluating the QoL of patients with cervical cancer during and after radiation.

The relationship between the early life gastrointestinal microbiome and childhood nocturnal cough.

Background: Nocturnal cough affects approximately 1 in 3 children, can negatively impact child health, and is often attributable to asthma. The association of the gut microbiome with nocturnal cough has not been investigated.

Objective: To investigate the association between early-life gut microbiome composition and nocturnal cough overall and in the context of asthma.

Axillary to Superior Mesenteric Artery Bypass as a Viable Solution for Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia.

Chronic mesenteric ischemia (CMI) is a progressive condition that primarily affects the elderly, causing chronic abdominal pain and malnutrition. Timely treatment is essential to prevent further deconditioning or bowel ischemia. Surgical repair options include both endovascular and open procedures.

Ovarian tumor microenvironment contributes to tumor progression and chemoresistance.

Ovarian cancer is one of the deadliest gynecologic cancers affecting the female reproductive tract. This is largely attributed to frequent recurrence and development of resistance to the platinum-based drugs cisplatin and carboplatin. One of the major contributing factors to increased cancer progression and resistance to chemotherapy is the tumor microenvironment (TME).

Dissemination through trusted credible messengers: 133 weeks of the Flint Community Webinar on COVID-19.

Background: Community access to evidence-based information is critical, especially during a pandemic, as it can impact knowledge and adoption of health behaviors that affect health disparities. The field of dissemination and implementation (D&I) science is ideally positioned to address this need through its focus on reducing the research-to-practice gap through improved distribution of information. The purpose of this paper is to describe the creation of a weekly webinar series about COVID-19 directed toward community members, and the extent to which webinars were found useful and increased awareness of evidence-based information and services.

Compensation Study of Vascular Surgeons in the United States.

Objective: The Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS) partnered with Phairify, Inc, an organization with experience in physician compensation data compilation for several other medical specialties, to survey its membership and assess factors influencing vascular surgeon compensation.

Methods: The SVS Compensation Study Task Force developed a vascular surgery-specific survey between January 2023 and May 2023 including experience level, academic rank, bonuses, incentives, gender, race, ethnicity, geography, on-call pay, and other factors influencing overall reimbursement. After a soft launch on May 1, 2023, with an initial phase of SVS leadership engagement in completion, the survey was formally introduced to the SVS membership on June 14, 2023.