Effects of defined voluntary running distances coupled with high-fat diet consumption on the skeletal muscle transcriptome of male mice.

Exercise counters many adverse health effects of consuming a high-fat diet (HFD). However, complex molecular changes that occur in skeletal muscle in response to exercising while consuming a HFD are not yet known. We investigated the interplay between diverse exercise regimes and HFD consumption on the adaptation of skeletal muscle transcriptome.

Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Long-Acting Broadly Neutralizing HIV-1 Monoclonal Antibody VRC07523LS in Newborn Infants Exposed to HIV-1.

Background: Vertical HIV-1 transmission despite antiretroviral therapy may be mitigated by use of long-acting, broadly neutralizing, monoclonal antibodies (bNAb) such as VRC07523LS. The present study was designed to determine the safety and pharmacokinetics of VRC07523LS.

Methods: VRC07523LS, 80 mg/dose, was administered subcutaneously after birth to non-breastfed (Cohort 1; N=11, enrolled in USA) and breastfed (Cohort 2; N=11, enrolled in South Africa and Zimbabwe) infants exposed to HIV-1.

Tofersen for SOD1 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Tofersen, an antisense oligonucleotide, has recently received FDA and EMA approval for treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in adults with SOD1 gene mutations. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized evidence on tofersen's safety and efficacy in patients with SOD1-related ALS.

Methods: A comprehensive search of three databases was conducted from inception through October 2024.

Prevalence, predisposing factors, and turnover intention related to low back pain among health workers in Accra, Ghana.

Background: Globally, low back pain (LBP) is responsible for disability among 60.1 million people. Health workers face a higher likelihood of being exposed to LBP compared to employees in the construction and manufacturing sectors.

Revisiting Africa's Stroke Obstacles and Services (SOS).

Background: As one of the most common non-communicable diseases in Africa, Stroke ought to be dealt with properly with intensifying efforts to control its burden and to face obstacles in its management.

Methods And Results: In this follow-up study we reanalyzed stroke services and related obstacles in 17 African countries that were previously studied in 2021/22 in aspects related to manpower, acute stroke services, rehabilitation programs, number of stroke units/centers, telestroke services, awareness campaigns, and national and international stroke registries through a survey that was sent to stroke specialists and national stroke societies. Overall, there is an improvement in many fields yet many obstacles in the implementation of telestroke services, acute management, secondary prevention, post-discharge services, and follow-ups whether governmental, medical, or societal are prevalent.

Knowledge, attitudes, and use of the Mediterranean diet in practice among dietitians in the United Arab Emirates: a cross-sectional study.

Dietitians are uniquely positioned to promote the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet), a diet recognized for its health benefits and sustainability. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes regarding the MedDiet among dietitians in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and to examine the frequency and correlates of using this diet in clinical practice. Practicing dietitians (n = 220) completed a 44-item web-based questionnaire, verified for face, content and construct validity, as well as internal and parallel form reliability.

Attributes and factors associated with long covid in patients hospitalized for acute COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: It is now recognized that many patients have persistent symptoms after recovery from acute COVID-19 infection, an infection caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. This constellation of symptoms known as 'Long COVID' may manifest with a wide range of physical and cognitive/psychological symptoms. Few data are available on the prevalence, attributes, and factors associated with Long COVID in Africa.

Assessment of antenatal care quality in Ethiopia: Facility-based study using service provision assessment data.

Background: Antenatal care (ANC) coverage in low- and middle-income countries has increased in the past few decades. However, merely increasing care coverage may not enhance maternal and newborn health unless the recommended service components are also provided. Our aim was to assess the quality of ANC and its associated factors in Ethiopia.

Compassion fatigue and associated factors among nurses working in Jimma Zone public hospitals, southwest Ethiopia: A facility based cross-sectional study.

Background: Nurses are at risk of developing compassion fatigue, which has negative impacts on their well-being, quality care and leads to patient mortality and a financial burden on the healthcare system. However, data on compassion fatigue is scarce in Africa, particularly Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess level compassion fatigue and associated factors among nurses in Jimma Zone public hospitals, Ethiopia.

Sexual and reproductive health needs of women with severe mental illness in low- and middle-income countries: A scoping review.

Background: This scoping review aimed to understand the extent and type of evidence in relation to sexual and reproductive health needs of women with severe mental illness (SMI) in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) and to summarise those needs.

Methods: Inclusion criteria were 1) focus on sexual and reproductive health needs 2) women or girls with SMI, professionals, caregivers of women with SMI and community members 3) study set in a LMIC 4) peer reviewed literature (no restriction on study date or design). Studies were identified from comprehensive searches of Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO (to July 2023).

Achieving universal sanitation in Ghana: An analysis of key drivers of toilet ownership among property owners in Urban areas.

Access to safe sanitation facilities remains a critical public health concern, especially in rapidly urbanizing countries like Ghana. This study investigates the determinants of household toilet ownership among property owners in three urban districts in Ghana. Using a cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from 1,256 property owners selected through a multi-stage stratified sampling procedure.

A mixed methods study investigating factors affecting adherence to Plasmodium vivax malaria primaquine radical cure regimens among migrants along the Myanmar-Thailand border.

Background: The countries within the Greater Mekong Region of Southeast Asia have pledged to eliminate malaria by 2030. Elimination of Plasmodium vivax malaria is challenging as it requires radical cure to prevent relapse. Understanding and facilitating adherence to primaquine radical cure regimens is necessary for malaria elimination.

Barriers to early diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: qualitative study.

Objective: Cervical cancer remains the most diagnosed and deadly cancer among women in low and middle income countries, including Ethiopia, although it can be controlled if detected and treated early. However, research on contextual barriers to early diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer is limited in Ethiopia. This study aimed to describe the lived experience of the patients and to explore the barriers to early diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer.

Empowering nurse leaders: readiness for AI integration and the perceived benefits of predictive analytics.

Introduction: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly being integrated into healthcare, particularly through predictive analytics that can enhance patient care and operational efficiency. Nursing leaders play a crucial role in the successful adoption of these technologies.

Aim: This study aims to assess the readiness of nursing leaders for AI integration and evaluate their perceptions of the benefits of AI-driven predictive analytics in healthcare.

Validation of the Maslach burnout inventory-general survey 9-item short version (MBI-GS9) among care aides in Canadian nursing homes.

Background: The Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) is the leading measure of burnout for all occupations. The MBI-GS9, the 9-item version of the MBI-GS, was formulated based on the MBI-GS and has been used for several years. However, very few studies have systematically tested its psychometric properties, and none have focused on care aides working in nursing homes who are susceptible to burnout.

A workplace-based HIV self-testing intervention as a determinant for self-testing knowledge, beliefs, and use among unskilled workers in Wakiso Uganda.

Background: The HIV burden still persists to date, as a public global health challenge despite numerous prevention interventions that have been proposed toward achieving 95% of all people living with HIV aware of their HIV status by 2030. Therefore, this study set out to examine the effect of a workplace-based HIV self-testing intervention on the use of HIV self-testing among unskilled workers in Wakiso Uganda.

Methods: A quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design was conducted among 46 participants systematically and randomly selected.

Implementation and sustainment of a clinical practice guideline in a physical therapy student-run pro bono clinic: a case report.

Background: The development of evidence-based practitioners is an expectation of entry-level physical therapist education. Knowledge translation is a process to enhance the uptake of evidence into clinical practice. Student run pro bono clinics provide an authentic learning environment in which knowledge translation activities can be used to implement clinical practice guidelines (CPGs).

Effectiveness of ChatGPT in facilitating learning for students with special educational needs: An empirical study in Saudi Arabia.

Study Purpose: This paper aims to explore the effectiveness of ChatGPT in facilitating learning for medical students with special educational needs (SEN) while acknowledging and addressing the challenges that SEN students may encounter in utilizing this technology.

Methods: This cross-sectional survey study assessed ChatGPT's efficacy in supporting medical students with SEN across three Saudi Arabian universities. Utilizing purposive and convenience sampling, a questionnaire was administered to 283 SEN students.

Optimizing data collection for obstetrical ultrasound research at the primary health care level in rural Uganda.

Background: Neonatal and maternal mortality remains high in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Quality data collection is crucial to understand the magnitude of these problems and to measure the impact of interventions aimed at improving neonatal and maternal mortality. However, data collection in the low-income country setting, especially in rural areas, has been a challenge for researchers, policy makers, and public health officials.

A scoping review of interventions to optimize medication adherence in hypertension comorbidity.

Background: Patients with hypertension and other comorbidities have difficulties adhering to their medications which have negative impacts on clinical outcomes. Although some studies have identified strategies to improve medication adherence, a thorough analysis of these interventions will provide synthesized evidence for clinical decision-making and improved health outcomes for patients with hypertension comorbidities.

Aim: To conduct a scoping review on interventions that have been utilised to improve medication adherence in patients with hypertension and other co-morbid conditions.

Next step towards point-of-care molecular diagnosis of female genital schistosomiasis (FGS): evaluation of an instrument-free LAMP procedure.

Detection of spp. DNA in gynaecological samples by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is considered to be the reference diagnostic test for female genital schistosomiasis (FGS). However, qPCR needs expensive laboratory procedures and highly trained technicians.

Rheumatic Heart Disease Burden in Africa and the Need to Build Robust Infrastructure.

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is an important public health problem in Africa. Mapping the epidemiology of RHD involves elucidating its geographic distribution, temporal trends, and demographic characteristics. The prevalence of RHD in Africa varies widely, with estimates ranging from 2.

Can the prevalence of one STI serve as a predictor for another? A mathematical modeling analysis.

We aimed to understand to what extent knowledge of the prevalence of one sexually transmitted infection (STI) can predict the prevalence of another STI, with application for men who have sex with men (MSM). An individual-based simulation model was used to study the concurrent transmission of HIV, HSV-2, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis in MSM sexual networks. Using the model outputs, 15 multiple linear regression models were conducted for each STI prevalence, treating the prevalence of each as the dependent variable and the prevalences of up to four other STIs as independent variables in various combinations.

Remarkable improvement in drilling fluid properties with graphitic-carbon nitride for enhanced wellbore stability.

This study examines the viability of using graphitic-Carbon Nitride (g-CN) nanomaterial as shale stabilizer drilling fluid additive having applications in the oil and gas wells drilling. Shale stability is important especially when drilling horizontal and extended reach wells with water-based muds (WBM) to tap unconventional reservoirs namely shale oil and shale gas. For this study, the g-CN nanomaterial was produced by melamine pyrolysis, and characterized by X-Ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy techniques.

Applying the ADAPT guidance to implement a telemedicine and medication delivery service in a malaria-endemic setting: A prospective cohort study.

Background: The ADAPT guidance proposes a process model for adapting evidence-informed interventions to novel contexts. Herein, we leveraged this guidance to adapt a paediatric nighttime telemedicine and medication delivery service from Haiti, a setting with low malaria prevalence, to Ghana, where malaria is a leading cause of paediatric mortality.

Methods: Core components of the intervention were defined and conserved.