Adolescent Health and Dark Personalities: The Role of Socioeconomic Status, Sports, and Cyber Experiences.

By investigating the impact of dark personality traits on adolescent health, this study explores the interplay among economic disadvantage, spectator sports involvement, and cyber victimization. We analyzed data from 1844 students aged 13-17 in a school district in the USA, and our findings reveal positive associations between economic disadvantage and both Machiavellianism and psychopathy, influencing negative emotions-driven eating. Spectator sports engagement exhibits links with Machiavellianism and narcissism, suggesting potential drawbacks to competitive behaviors.

Perceptions of disposal options for unused opioid analgesics among people who have been prescribed an opioid analgesic in North Carolina.

Medication disposal programs have been promoted as one solution to the opioid crisis, but uptake by community members has been minimal. To clarify perceptions of medication disposal options among people who have been prescribed an opioid analgesic in North Carolina to inform interventions that can facilitate the disposal of unused opioids. In 2022, we conducted focus groups with participants who received an opioid medication in the past year to gain information to develop an intervention related to the disposal of unused opioid medication (12 focus group discussions (FGDs); total  = 37; 30 identified as female, 6 as male, and 1 as another gender).

Proteomic Profiling of Hindlimb Skeletal Muscle Disuse in a Murine Model of Sepsis.

Context: Sepsis leads to multiple organ dysfunction and negatively impacts patient outcomes. Skeletal muscle disuse is a significant comorbidity in septic patients during their ICU stay due to prolonged immobilization.

Hypothesis: Combination of sepsis and muscle disuse will promote a unique proteomic signature in skeletal muscle in comparison to disuse and sepsis separately.

A scoping review of policies to encourage breastfeeding, healthy eating, and physical activity among rural people and places in the United States.

Background: Rural U.S. residents experience a disproportionate burden of diet and physical activity (PA) related chronic disease compared to urban residents, due to resource and economic challenges.

The physical demands of the match according to playing positions in a South African Premier Soccer League team.

Background: Evidence indicates that international soccer players cover a total distance of between eight and 14 km in a match. Approximately 80 - 90% of this distance constitutes low-intensity actions, and about 10 - 20% is high-intensity. These data are influenced by playing position, formation, league standard, and national differences in different countries.

A Preclinical Model of Sepsis-Induced Myopathy with Disuse in Mice.

Sepsis is a major cause of in-hospital deaths. Improvements in treatment result in a greater number of sepsis survivors. Approximately 75% of the survivors develop muscle weakness and atrophy, increasing the incidence of hospital readmissions and mortality.

Waterpipe Tobacco Brands and Flavors Sold Online in the USA.

Introduction: Flavor additives are commonly used in combustible tobacco products to mask harshness and increase appeal. However, research on the availability of flavored waterpipe tobacco (WT) is lacking, yet is important to support implementation of policies.

Methods: We completed a comprehensive online search in 2020 to identify WT brands and flavors sold online in the USA.

Neighbourhood inequities in the availability of retailers selling tobacco products: a systematic review.

Objective: To examine inequities in tobacco retailer availability by neighbourhood-level socioeconomic, racial/ethnic and same-sex couple composition.

Data Sources: We conducted a 10 November 2022 search of PubMed, PsycINFO, Global Health, LILACS, Embase, ABI/Inform, CINAHL, Business Source Complete, Web of Science and Scopus.

Study Selection: We included records from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development member countries that tested associations of area-level measures of tobacco retailer availability and neighbourhood-level sociodemographic characteristics.

Retailers' Compliance with Federal Age of Cigarette Sales Policies -- Pitt County, North Carolina, January-March 2022.

Background: Tobacco use remains a leading cause of preventable morbidity and premature mortality. In December 2019, the federal age of sale for tobacco products increased from 18 to 21 years of age. This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of federal tobacco 21 policies in Pitt County, North Carolina (NC), by conducting multiple purchase attempts for cigarettes.

Testing the Effect of Cue Consistency on the Past Behavior-Habit-Physical Activity Relationship.

Behavior performed in the presence of consistent cues is a core element for successful habit development, with the repeated presence of consistent cues facilitating the activation of automatic responses in future. Yet, little is known about the effects of different cue types on habit. Using a two-wave prospective PLS-SEM model with a sample of 68 undergraduate students, we assessed the mediating effects of habit on the past-behavior-to-physical-activity relationship, and how the mediating effects of habit were moderated by the consistent presence of different forms of cues.

Youth participation in substance use prevention: A national profile, 2011-2019.

Purpose: Prevention efforts are critical to avoid the negative consequences of substance use in adolescents. This study aimed to examine national trends and sociodemographic differences in adolescents' participation in school-based substance use prevention (SUP) education, community-based SUP programs, as well as family conversations about substance use.

Methods: Publicly available data for adolescents aged 12-17 from the annual cross-sectional surveys of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2011-2019 were analyzed.

Assessing Stock Photos for Farmworker Health and Safety Education Materials.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze how farmworkers are represented in stock photos available in commercial libraries for use in agricultural health and safety education materials.

Methods: We searched for images in five commercial stock photo libraries using the terms "farmworkers" and "women farmworkers" in April 2022. We used quantitative content analysis.

Physical Activity, Cardiovascular Status, Mortality, and Prediabetes in Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Adults.

Importance: Data are limited on the association of physical activity (PA) with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality in prediabetes, especially in racial and ethnic minority groups, including Hispanic and Latino populations.

Objective: To determine the association of PA with incident CVD and mortality by prediabetes status among Hispanic or Latino and non-Hispanic adults.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study included data from 2 cohorts of adults with prediabetes or normoglycemia who were free of CVD at baseline visit: the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) from baseline examination through 2017, with median (IQR) follow-up of 7.

A Scoping Review of Trends in the Size of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Tobacco Use Disparities, 1996-2020, United States and Canada.

Tobacco use is a major health disparity for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) populations compared with heterosexual/cisgender populations. In this scoping review, we aimed to determine if LGBT tobacco use disparities are improving or worsening over time and if trends in disparities differed across subgroups. We included articles that longitudinally explored youth and adult LGB tobacco use in the United States and Canada after searching four databases and capturing records through July 2022.

Interplay of premigration crisis exposure and postmigration cultural stress on depressive symptoms among Venezuelan crisis migrants in Colombia.

Objectives: A growing body of research points to a relationship between exposure to migration-related cultural stress and mental health problems. However, such research is often conducted with the tacit assumption that postmigration experiences are the primary-if not singular-driver of psychological distress. In the present study, we aim to extend the cultural-stress paradigm by examining the influences of both premigration crisis exposure and postmigration cultural stress on depression in a sample of Venezuelan crisis migrants in Colombia.

Transcriptomics reveals transient and dynamic muscle fibrosis and atrophy differences following spinal cord injury in rats.

Background: The rate and magnitude of skeletal muscle wasting after severe spinal cord injury (SCI) exceeds most other disuse conditions. Assessing the time course of molecular changes can provide insight into the progression of muscle wasting post-SCI. The goals of this study were (1) to identify potential targets that may prevent the pathologic features of SCI in soleus muscles and (2) to establish therapeutic windows for treating these pathologic changes.

ASAP: A pharmacy-level intervention to increase nonprescription syringe sales to reduce bloodborne illnesses.

Background: Pharmacy syringe sales are effective structural interventions to reduce bloodborne illnesses in populations, and are legal in all but two states. Yet evidence indicates reduced syringe sales in recent years. This study was designed as a feasibility test of an intervention to promote syringe sales by pharmacies in Arizona.

Implementation characteristics that may promote sustainability of a rural physical activity initiative: examination of Play Streets through the lens of community implementers.

Background: Play Streets, which are community-based environmental initiatives where public spaces/streets are temporarily closed to create safe, low-cost physical activity opportunities, have demonstrated feasibility and physical activity benefit in rural US areas. Yet, information is needed to identify implementation characteristics that may promote sustainability. This study examined rural Play Streets implementation characteristics that could impact sustainability from local partners' perspectives.

Perspectives Among Health Care Providers and People with HIV on the Implementation of Long-Acting Injectable Cabotegravir/Rilpivirine for Antiretroviral Therapy in Florida.

Long-acting injectable (LAI) cabotegravir/rilpivirine (CAB/RPV) for antiretroviral therapy (ART) could benefit many people with HIV (PWH). However, its impact will largely be determined by providers' willingness to prescribe it and PWH's willingness to take it. This study explores the perceived barriers and facilitators of LAI CAB/RPV implementation among PWH and HIV care providers in Florida, a high prevalence setting.

Recent Progress and Challenges of Implantable Biodegradable Biosensors.

Implantable biosensors have evolved to the cutting-edge technology of personalized health care and provide promise for future directions in precision medicine. This is the reason why these devices stand to revolutionize our approach to health and disease management and offer insights into our bodily functions in ways that have never been possible before. This review article tries to delve into the important developments, new materials, and multifarious applications of these biosensors, along with a frank discussion on the challenges that the devices will face in their clinical deployment.