The Trends, Clinicopathological Features, and Treatment Outcomes of Patients with Prostate Cancer in Lokoja, Nigeria.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) was the most common noncutaneous cancer among Nigerian men in 2020. Despite this high incidence, documented rates may be an underestimation.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the hospital incidence rate, trends, and characterise the clinicopathologic features, and treatment outcomes of patients with PCa in our institution.

Post-Artesunate Delayed Hemolysis: Anything That Can Go Wrong Will Go Wrong-Murphy's Law.

In patients presenting with post-malarial anemia following intravenous artesunate treatment, post-artesunate delayed hemolysis should be considered in the differential diagnosis, even in endemic settings. Close monitoring for signs of delayed hemolysis in patients previously treated with intravenous artesunate for severe malaria, regardless of their malaria exposure history or geographic location is crucial.

Inappropriate Birth Weight for Gestational Age Among Newborns Born at Dessie Referral Hospital: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Inappropriate birth weight for gestational age (IBWGA) is linked with obstetric complications like birth asphyxia, hypothermia, and postpartum hemorrhage. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of IBWGA with factors associated with newborns born at Dessie Referral Hospital, northeast of Ethiopia. We used a retrospective cohort study design and systematic random sampling method to select charts of women giving birth at the hospital from January 2013 to December 2017.

Overweight and Obesity Among People Living With HIV on Dolutegravir- and Efavirenz-Based Therapies: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study.

Overweight and obesity have arisen as major public health challenges, affecting not just the general population but also people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH). Obesity and being overweight are both risk factors for heart disease and other related complications. However, little is known in our setting.

Retinoblastoma in Ethiopian Children: Imaging Findings and Staging.

Background: Retinoblastoma is the most prevalent intraocular retinal malignancy in children worldwide. Accurate staging is critical for treatment planning and relies heavily on radiologic imaging and clinical findings. This study aims to evaluate imaging patterns and staging of retinoblastoma in children at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH).

Accuracy of Lung Ultrasound Compared to Chest Radiography for Diagnosing Pneumonia in Children: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Traditionally, pediatric pneumonia is diagnosed through clinical examination and chest radiography (CXR), with computed tomography (CT) reserved for complications. Lung ultrasound (LUS) has gained popularity due to its portability and absence of ionizing radiation. This study evaluates LUS's accuracy compared to CXR in diagnosing pneumonia in children.

Clinical and Radiological Features of Perianal Fistula: An MRI-Based Study in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: Perianal fistula refers to an abnormal connection between the anal canal and the perianal skin or perineum. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) plays a crucial role in accurately characterizing perianal fistulas, which informs surgical strategies and helps minimize recurrence.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a single diagnostic imaging center in Addis Ababa, utilizing retrospectively collected data from May 2023 to June 2024.

Isolated Prostate Tuberculosis Mimicking Prostate Cancer.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains the deadliest infectious disease globally, with the kidneys being the most frequently affected organ in the genitourinary system. Isolated prostate involvement by tuberculosis is rare and may mimic prostate cancer. This case report aims to highlight the diagnostic challenges and therapeutic responses associated with isolated prostate tuberculosis, particularly in the context of significantly elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in a TB-endemic region.

Husband involvement in postnatal care services utilization and associated factors in Bishoftu Town, Central Ethiopia; community-based cross-sectional study.

Background: Both mothers and newborns go through a critical time in their lives during the postnatal period, and the majority of deaths of mothers and neonates happen during this period. Postnatal care is the care given to women and their neonates, starting from delivery to 42 postnatal days. Although the significance of postnatal care in maternal and child health is acknowledged, the influence of husbands in either facilitating or impeding access to these services has been largely unexplored.

Temporal changes in Plasmodium falciparum genetic diversity and multiplicity of infection across three areas of varying malaria transmission intensities in Uganda.

Background: Malaria is a significant public health challenge in Uganda, with Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) responsible for most of malaria infections. The high genetic diversity and multiplicity of infection (MOI) associated with P.

International consensus on research priorities in hypospadias using a Delphi study approach.

Introduction: Hypospadias is a common congenital anomaly of the male genitalia that poses significant management and treatment challenges. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of priority research questions in hypospadiology will be essential to reach agreement on the optimal approach to assessment, treatment, and outcome prediction for affected patients.

Methods: We employed a consensus-building Delphi method to identify and prioritize research questions in the hypospadias field.

Spontaneous splenic rupture: A rare complication of concurrent malaria and dengue infections - A case report.

Introduction: Spontaneous splenic rupture (SSR) is a rare, life-threatening complication, sometimes associated with infections like malaria and dengue fever. This case report details a unique presentation of SSR.

Case Presentation: A 28-year-old male in Somalia presented with fever, epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, and body aches, consistent with malaria and dengue.

A Collaborative Online International Learning Experience for Doctoral Nursing Students and Faculty From Three Countries: Reshaping the Educational Landscape.

The COVID-19 pandemic presented opportunities for educational innovations and the development of intercultural learning experiences. A global health assignment guided by a collaborative online international learning pedagogy was assigned to doctoral nursing students from three different countries. Icebreaker activities, along with the Culturally You diagram, commenced the team-building process.

Availability, price and affordability of essential medicines for managing cardiovascular disease in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Access to health care is a fundamental human right. However, nearly one-third of the global population have no access to it. This magnitude is even much worse in low- and middle-income countries.

Prevalence of burnout and associated factors among nurses working in public hospitals, southern Ethiopia: a multi-center embedded mixed study.

Burnout is a global concern because of its potential to affect the health of nurses and the quality of service provided. However, less consideration has been given to research in the study setting. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the prevalence of burnout and associated factors among nurses working in public hospitals of Wolaita zone, Southern Ethiopia.

Comparative study of the oral hygiene status of users of mefakia (traditional tooth cleaning method) and modern toothbrushes among patients at the Holy Bethel Dental Clinic in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: Mefakia is a well-known traditional chewing wood used in Ethiopia to cleanse the mouth. Although mefakia is used in parallel with modern toothbrushes to improve oral hygiene, there is a gap in the literature regarding its comparative performance in removing plaque and maintaining good oral hygiene.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the oral hygiene status of patients using mefakia and modern toothbrushes at the Holy Bethel Dental Clinic in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Non-adherence to antenatal iron supplementation and its determinants among pregnant women in 35 sub-saharan African countries: a generalized linear mixed-effects modeling with robust Poisson regression analysis.

Background: Despite the integration of iron supplementation into routine antenatal care programs as a nutritional intervention to prevent anemia in pregnant women, the use of this supplement for the recommended duration remains low in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Evidence on maternal compliance with iron supplementation at the SSA level is lacking and most of the previous studies have been limited to specific geographic areas. Therefore, the current study used large population survey data from 35 SSA countries to estimate the pooled prevalence of non-adherence and its determinants.

Antimicrobial resistance profile, biofilm forming capacity and associated factors of multidrug resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa among patients admitted at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital and Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections and the most common multidrug-resistant pathogen. This study aimed to determine antimicrobial resistance patterns, biofilm-forming capacity, and associated factors of multidrug resistance in P. aeruginosa isolates at two hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Care delivery in the context of district mental healthcare plans in Ghana: a qualitative study exploring experiences of primary healthcare workers and service users.

Objective: To explore the perceptions and experiences of mental health service users and healthcare workers regarding the implementation of district mental healthcare plans (DMHPs) in three district demonstration sites in Ghana.

Design: The study employed a qualitative design using reflexive thematic analysis. Interview data were analysed by combining inductive and deductive approaches.

Prevalence of microvascular complications and associated factors among diabetes mellitus patients in Ethiopia: A systematic review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic abnormality affecting 537 million people worldwide. Poor glycemic control, longer duration, and poor medication adherence increased the risk of DM complications. Comprehensive evidence on the pooled prevalence of microvascular complications in DM patients in Ethiopia is not available.

Perspectives of current and future use of electrical stimulation home-devices from people with spinal cord injuries and healthcare professionals.

Introduction: Electrical stimulation (E-stim) can reduce the impact of complications, like spasticity, bladder dysfunction in people with spinal cord injuries (SCIs), enhancing quality of life and health outcomes. With SCI prevalence high in regional Australia and a shift towards home-based community integrated care, the perspectives of people with SCI and healthcare professionals on current and future use of E-stim home-devices are needed.

Methods: A mixed-methods concurrent triangulation approach was used.

Onset and predictors of first-line antiretroviral therapy treatment failure among children in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: The emergence of First-line Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) regimens fails; it necessitates the use of more costly and less tolerable second-line medications. Therefore, it is crucial to identify and address factors that increase the likelihood of first-line ART regimen failure in children. Although numerous primary studies have examined the incidence of first-line ART failure among HIV-infected children in Ethiopia, national-level data on the onset and predictors remain inconsistent.

Assessment of systemic steroid use and its determinants among admitted patients at Debre Berhan University Hakim Gizawu Teaching Hospital.

Rational use of steroids is essential in the long term for improving patient safety. Systemic steroids are important in clinical treatment, but if they are misused, they might have negative effects. This study assessed systemic steroid use and its determinants at Debre Berhan University Hakim Gizawu Teaching Hospital (DBUHGTH), Ethiopia.

Metformin-loaded nanoparticles reduce hyperglycemia-associated oxidative stress and induce eNOS phosphorylation in vascular endothelial cells.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by metabolic defects, including insulin deficiency and resistance. Individuals with diabetes are at increased risk of developing cardiovascular complications, such as atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and hypertension. Conventional treatment methods, though effective, are often challenging, costly, and may lead to systemic side effects.

Repair of Cleft Palate in Adult Patients; Impact of Speech Therapy Following Surgical Intervention in Africa.

Cleft lip and palate anomalies constitute both aesthetic and functional impairments for affected individuals. While an individual with an unrepaired cleft palate may adjust somewhat to the associated feeding challenges as he or she gets older, the consequent speech impairment is amenable primarily to surgery. It is pertinent to assess how well speech function is restored in individuals with cleft after surgical repairs.