Reliability of two dissociating tests of phoria in artificially created phoria in normal adults.

Background: The ability of physical therapists (PTs) to accurately identify and reliably measure phoria/tropia is critical in the differential diagnosis of individuals with acute vestibular syndrome and concussion/mild traumatic brain injury.

Objectives: To determine if PTs may reliably measure phoria and to determine the reliability of two dissociating tests of phoria, the prism neutralized Maddox rod test and modified Thorington method, in normal adults with artificially created phoria.

Methods: Thirty adults (mean age 24.

Prevalence of podiatric conditions seen in Special Olympics athletes: a comparison of USA data to an international population.

Background: Persons with intellectual disabilities frequently have podiatric conditions. Limited information exists on their prevalence in international cohorts of Special Olympics (SO) athletes. Findings from multiple United States (US) venues are compared to those from athletes screened at the 2011 Special Olympics World Summer Games in Athens, Greece (ATHENS).

Prevalence of podiatric conditions seen in Special Olympics athletes: Structural, biomechanical and dermatological findings.

Background: Podiatric conditions are frequently seen in persons with intellectual disabilities. Unfortunately, many are not detected or addressed. This study attempts to determine the prevalence of a variety of selected podiatric conditions in Special Olympics athletes and compare the findings to studies of a similarly matched general population.