Habitat use of Amazonian birds varies by age and foraging guild along a disturbance gradient.

Patterns of habitat use directly influence a species' fitness, yet for many species an individual's age can influence patterns of habitat use. However, in tropical rainforests, which host the greatest terrestrial species diversity, little is known about how age classes of different species use different adjacent habitats of varying quality. We use long-term mist net data from the Amazon rainforest to assess patterns of habitat use among adult, adolescent (teenage) and young understory birds in forest fragments, primary and secondary forest at the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project in Brazil.

Fungal behavior and recent developments in biopulping technology.

Biological pretreatment of wood chips by fungi is a well-known approach prior to mechanical- or chemical pulp production. For this biological approach, a limited number of white-rot fungi with an ability to colonize and selectively degrade lignin are used to pretreat wood chips allowing the remaining cellulose to be processed for further applications. Biopulping is an environmentally friendly technology that can reduce the energy consumption of traditional pulping processes.

Potential Inhibitors of Lumpy Skin Disease's Viral Protein (DNA Polymerase): A Combination of Bioinformatics Approaches.

Lumpy skin disease (LSD), caused by a virus within the family and genus, induces nodular skin lesions in cattle. This spreads through direct contact and insect vectors, significantly affecting global cattle farming. Despite the availability of vaccines, their efficacy is limited by poor prophylaxis and adverse effects.

Cytauxzoonosis in Indiana, USA: a case series of cats infected with (2018-2022).

Case Series Summary: This case series describes six cases involving seven cats naturally infected with in Indiana, USA. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed and all available information on signalment, history, clinical and diagnostic findings, treatment, outcome and pathology was reported. Cats infected with were domestic shorthairs, were aged between 2 and 9 years and all but one of the cats were male.

Copper(I)-Catalyzed Indolyl Ynamide Oxidation/Dearomatization: Divergent and Regioselective Synthesis of Valuable Indoline Scaffolds.

A highly convenient copper(I)-catalyzed oxidation-initiated cyclopropanation of indolyl ynamide for the rapid construction of indole-fused cyclopropane-lactams is described, which represents, to the best of our knowledge, the first non-noble-metal-catalyzed indolyl ynamide oxidation/dearomatization by the in situ generated α-oxo copper carbenes. Compared to hydrazone and diazo, the use of alkynes as carbene precursors allows cyclopropanation to occur under a safe and convenient pathway. Moreover, this transformation can lead to the divergent synthesis of pentacyclic spiroindolines involving the reversal of ynamide regioselectivity by engineering substrate structures.

Fostering effective and sustainable scientific collaboration and knowledge exchange: a workshop-based approach to establish a national ecological observatory network (NEON) domain-specific user group.

The decision to establish a network of researchers centers on identifying shared research goals. Ecologically specific regions, such as the USA's National Ecological Observatory Network's (NEON's) eco-climatic domains, are ideal locations by which to assemble researchers with a diverse range of expertise but focused on the same set of ecological challenges. The recently established Great Lakes User Group (GLUG) is NEON's first domain specific ensemble of researchers, whose goal is to address scientific and technical issues specific to the Great Lakes Domain 5 (D05) by using NEON data to enable advancement of ecosystem science.

Molecular advances in bud dormancy in trees.

Seasonal bud dormancy in perennial woody plants is a crucial and intricate process that is vital for the survival and development of plants. Over the past few decades, significant advancements have been made in understanding many features of bud dormancy, particularly in model species, where certain molecular mechanisms underlying this process have been elucidated. We provide an overview of recent molecular progress in understanding bud dormancy in trees, with a specific emphasis on the integration of common signaling and molecular mechanisms identified across different tree species.

Responses of vascular plant fine roots and associated microbial communities to whole-ecosystem warming and elevated CO in northern peatlands.

Warming and elevated CO (eCO) are expected to facilitate vascular plant encroachment in peatlands. The rhizosphere, where microbial activity is fueled by root turnover and exudates, plays a crucial role in biogeochemical cycling, and will likely at least partially dictate the response of the belowground carbon cycle to climate changes. We leveraged the Spruce and Peatland Responses Under Changing Environments (SPRUCE) experiment, to explore the effects of a whole-ecosystem warming gradient (+0°C to 9°C) and eCO on vascular plant fine roots and their associated microbes.

Effect of Light Quality on Seed Potato ( L.) Tuberization When Aeroponically Grown in a Controlled Greenhouse.

A plant factory equipped with artificial lights is a comparatively new concept when growing seed potatoes ( L.) for minituber production. The shortage of disease-free potato seed tubers is a key challenge to producing quality potatoes.

Lactobacillus paracasei ZFM54 alters the metabolomic profiles of yogurt and the co-fermented yogurt improves the gut microecology of human adults.

Gut microbiota imbalance could lead to various diseases, making it important to optimize the structure of the gut flora in adults. Lactobacillus paracasei ZFM54 is a bacteriocin- and folic acid-producing Lactobacillus strain. Herein, L.

Effects of boiling water treatment on the physical properties of Quercus variabilis virgin cork grown in Korea.

The effects of boiling water treatment on the physical properties of Quercus variabilis virgin cork (Qv VC) were examined and compared with those of Quercus suber reproduction cork (Qs RC). The water treatment was conducted at 100 °C for 1 h. Qv VC showed a significantly higher dimensional change in the three directions and lower weight loss than Qs RC by boiling water treatment.

The value of hybrid genomes: Building two highly contiguous reference genome assemblies to advance Canis genomic studies.

Previous studies of canid population and evolutionary genetics have relied on high-quality domestic dog reference genomes that have been produced primarily for biomedical and trait mapping studies in dog breeds. However, the absence of highly contiguous genomes from other Canis species like the gray wolf and coyote, that represent additional distinct demographic histories, may bias inferences regarding interspecific genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships. Here, we present single haplotype de novo genome assemblies for the gray wolf and coyote, generated by applying the trio-binning approach to long sequence reads generated from the genome of a female first-generation hybrid produced from a gray wolf and coyote mating.

Histone modification-dependent production of peptide hormones facilitates acquisition of pluripotency during leaf-to-callus transition in Arabidopsis.

Chromatin configuration is critical for establishing tissue identity and changes substantially during tissue identity transitions. The crucial scientific and agricultural technology of in vitro tissue culture exploits callus formation from diverse tissue explants and tissue regeneration via de novo organogenesis. We investigated the dynamic changes in H3ac and H3K4me3 histone modifications during leaf-to-callus transition in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Deciphering the intricate hierarchical gene regulatory network: unraveling multi-level regulation and modifications driving secondary cell wall formation.

Wood quality is predominantly determined by the amount and the composition of secondary cell walls (SCWs). Consequently, unraveling the molecular regulatory mechanisms governing SCW formation is of paramount importance for genetic engineering aimed at enhancing wood properties. Although SCW formation is known to be governed by a hierarchical gene regulatory network (HGRN), our understanding of how a HGRN operates and regulates the formation of heterogeneous SCWs for plant development and adaption to ever-changing environment remains limited.

Oligodeoxynucleotide Synthesis Under Non-Nucleophilic Deprotection Conditions.

This protocol describes a method for the incorporation of sensitive functional groups into oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs). The nucleophile-sensitive epigenetic N4-acetyldeoxycytosine (4acC) DNA modification is used as an example, but other sensitive groups can also be incorporated, e.g.

WITHDRAWN: Effects of hydraulic retention time and cultivation on nutrients removal and biomass production in wastewater by membrane photobioreactor: Modeling and optimization by machine learning and response surface methodology.

This article has been withdrawn at the request of the Editor-in-Chief.

Land use change and forest management effects on soil carbon stocks in the Northeast U.S.

Background: In most regions and ecosystems, soils are the largest terrestrial carbon pool. Their potential vulnerability to climate and land use change, management, and other drivers, along with soils' ability to mitigate climate change through carbon sequestration, makes them important to carbon balance and management. To date, most studies of soil carbon management have been based at either large or site-specific scales, resulting in either broad generalizations or narrow conclusions, respectively.

A transcription factor activates the production of pinosylvin stilbenoids in transgenic calli and tobacco leaves.

Transcription factors (TFs) play an important role in regulating the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. In , the level of methylated derivatives of pinosylvin is significantly increased upon pine wood nematode (PWN) infection, and these compounds are highly toxic to PWNs. In a previous study, we found that the expression of a basic helix-loop-helix TF gene, , strongly increased in plants after infection with PWNs.

Persistent net release of carbon dioxide and methane from an Alaskan lowland boreal peatland complex.

Permafrost degradation in peatlands is altering vegetation and soil properties and impacting net carbon storage. We studied four adjacent sites in Alaska with varied permafrost regimes, including a black spruce forest on a peat plateau with permafrost, two collapse scar bogs of different ages formed following thermokarst, and a rich fen without permafrost. Measurements included year-round eddy covariance estimates of net carbon dioxide (CO ), mid-April to October methane (CH ) emissions, and environmental variables.

Sources of bias in applying close-kin mark-recapture to terrestrial game species with different life histories.

Close-kin mark-recapture (CKMR) is a method analogous to traditional mark-recapture but without requiring recapture of individuals. Instead, multilocus genotypes (genetic marks) are used to identify related individuals in one or more sampling occasions, which enables the opportunistic use of samples from harvested wildlife. To apply the method accurately, it is important to build appropriate CKMR models that do not violate assumptions linked to the species' and population's biology and sampling methods.

Potential Tick Defense Associated with Skin and Hair Characteristics in Korean Water Deer ().

The Korean water deer (WD), a predominant wildlife species in South Korea, is listed as vulnerable by the IUCN Red List. Despite belonging to the same family, Cervidae, WD show significantly fewer adult ixodid tick infestations compared to roe deer (RD). Ticks, which cannot fly, engage in questing behavior in natural environments to latch onto hosts.