Cyanidin-3-galactoside from ameliorates silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis by modulating the TGF-β/mTOR and NRF2/HO-1 pathways.

Cyanidin-3-galactoside (C3G), the most abundant anthocyanin in a, has many beneficial health effects, such as antioxidation. C3G was extracted from and applied (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight) to 50-μl silica particles (SP) solution-exposed mice to research its antifibrotic properties using histological analysis, hydroxyproline assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blot analysis. The results showed that C3G treatment significantly ameliorated pulmonary fibrosis and cell infiltration into the lungs of mice.