Future-Proof Regulation against the Test of Time: The Evolution of European Telecommunications Regulation.

Regulation is sometimes designed to be future-proof, so that it can adapt to changing economic and technological realities. The EU (and UK) Regulatory Framework for electronic communications was expressly crafted to be able to adjust to the evolution of the industry. This article considers how well the regime has stood the test of time and, based on this analysis, what lessons can be drawn for regulation more generally.

A prospective multicenter randomized clinical trial comparing endovenous laser ablation, using a 1470 nm diode laser in combination with a Tulip-TipTM fiber versus radiofrequency (Closure FAST™ VNUS®), in the treatment of primary varicose veins.

Background: The treatment of chronic venous disease, has largely shifted from high ligation and stripping to endovenous thermal ablation (EVTA) techniques, because of its comparable efficacy and lack of invasiveness. This clinical trial aimed to compare the efficacy of two thermal ablation techniques, endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) 1470-nm with Tulip-Tip fiber and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) ClosureFastTM using a non-inferiority design for occlusion rate (primary outcome).

Methods: A prospective multicenter randomized clinical trial randomized 280 patients for the treatment of great saphenous vein (GSV) reflux.