A combined noise source model based on vertical coherence to quantify the proportions of two types of noise power.

With the vigorous development of maritime trade, the frequency band from 100 to 1500 Hz of shallow-sea ambient noise is not only affected by surface wind-induced noise but also the contribution of ship noise. Shallow-sea ambient noise can be described by a linear combination of surface wind-induced noise sources and ship noise sources. By using the correspondence between the real part of the vertical coherence and vertical energy flux, this work establishes a combined noise source model based on vertical coherence.

Public Health.

Background: In elite athletes, participation in sports associated with repetitive head injury exposure has been linked to an increased risk of neurodegeneration later in life. However, there has been limited study in more general populations. We aimed to investigate whether participation in such sports impacted outcomes relevant to brain health in a cohort of British-born older adults.

Public Health.

Background: Obesity is associated with adverse changes in the structure and function of both the brain and the vasculature and may modify risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the degree to which excess total and central adiposity contribute to overall disease burden in late-life is unclear. We investigated baseline associations between obesity, AD-related pathology, and neurovascular health in 255 participants enrolled in the U.

Metal-Catalyzed Abiotic Cleavage of C═C Bonds for Effective Fluorescence Imaging of Cu(II) and Fe(III) in Living Systems.

Imaging abnormal copper/iron with effective fluorescent tools is essential to comprehensively put insight into many pathological events. However, conventional coordination-based detection is mired in the fluorescence quenching induced by paramagnetic Cu(II)/Fe(III). Moreover, the strong chelating property of the probe will consume dissociative metal ions and inevitably interfere with the physiological microenvironment.

Biomarkers.

Background: Speech variations appear at early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and are potential early indicators. However, the commonly used neuropsychological assessment scales as screening tools for cognitive impairments have limitations due to possible subjective bias of the assessors and the lack of sensitivity in voice detection. We propose a solution based on machine learning for multi-dimensional feature extraction and data fusion of spontaneous speech signals.

Advancing Equity and Empowering Science Students from Indigenous Communities.

Implementation of Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Respect (DEIR) is crucial for supporting students in a culturally safe environment, reducing bias, fostering respect, broadening perspectives, enhancing collaboration, and improving education in science. DEIR with Indigenous reconciliation incorporates Indigenous-based DEIR initiatives as a response to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in Canada to acknowledge the intergenerational trauma and mistrust toward colonial institutions such as universities. Universities can advance reconciliation by incorporating DEIR with Indigenous reconciliation into everyday practices.

Biomarkers.

Background: The content of circulating exosomes has been observed to be altered in response to changes in physiological and pathological conditions, and they are detectable in different human fluids such as blood. Studies focused on the quantification of Aβ and tau proteins, as molecules contained within exosomes, suggest that they are related with Alzheimer disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) development, demonstrated that plasma-derived exosome analysis is a good approach for searching for biomarkers in the development of dementia. Our aim is to identify new blood biomarkers to detect the AD or FTD in the Chilean population using machine learning based on exosomal miRNAs.

Analytical derivative approaches for vibro-polaritonic structures and properties. I. Formalism and implementation.

Vibro-polaritons are hybrid light-matter states that arise from the strong coupling between the molecular vibrational transitions and the photons in an optical cavity. Developing theoretical and computational methods to describe and predict the unique properties of vibro-polaritons is of great significance for guiding the design of new materials and experiments. Here, we present the ab initio cavity Born-Oppenheimer density functional theory (CBO-DFT) and formulate the analytic energy gradient and Hessian as well as the nuclear and photonic derivatives of dipole and polarizability within the framework of CBO-DFT to efficiently calculate the harmonic vibrational frequencies, infrared absorption, and Raman scattering spectra of vibro-polaritons as well as to explore the critical points on the cavity potential energy surface.

ET-PROTACs: modeling ternary complex interactions using cross-modal learning and ternary attention for accurate PROTAC-induced degradation prediction.

Motivation: Accurately predicting the degradation capabilities of proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) for given target proteins and E3 ligases is important for PROTAC design. The distinctive ternary structure of PROTACs presents a challenge to traditional drug-target interaction prediction methods, necessitating more innovative approaches. While current state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods using graph neural networks (GNNs) can discern the molecular structure of PROTACs and proteins, thus enabling the efficient prediction of PROTACs' degradation capabilities, they rely heavily on limited crystal structure data of the POI-PROTAC-E3 ternary complex.

Biomarkers.

Background: Cerebral Aβ accumulates decades before symptom onset in AD. Sampled iterative local approximation (SILA, Betthauser et al. 2022) is a technique for estimating time from Aβ positivity (Aβ+) using Aβ-PET.

Biomarkers.

Background: Few large microbiome studies on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia (AD/ADRD) have been conducted, especially among US Latinos. We conducted a study within the Study of Latinos- Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL-INCA) cohort to examine the role of the gut microbiota in cognitive function.

Methods: We analyzed the fecal metagenomes of 2,470 SOL-INCA participants to, cross-sectionally, identify microbial taxonomic and functional features associated with cognitive function.

High Selectivity Fluorescence and Electrochemical Dual-Mode Detection of Glutathione in the Serum of Parkinson's Disease Model Mice and Humans.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons and the accumulation of alpha-synuclein. Glutathione (GSH), a key antioxidant, is significantly depleted in PD patients. This study presents a dual-mode detection strategy for selectively determining GSH using a single probe.

A Dual-Targeting Biomimetic Nanoplatform Integrates SDT/CDT/Gas Therapy to Boost Synergistic Ferroptosis for Orthotopic Hepatocellular Carcinoma Therapy.

The development of efficient therapeutic strategies to promote ferroptotic cell death offers significant potential for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment. Herein, this study presents an HCC-targeted nanoplatform that integrates bimetallic FeMoO nanoparticles with CO-releasing molecules, and further camouflaged with SP94 peptide-modified macrophage membrane for enhanced ferroptosis-driven multi-modal therapy of HCC. Leveraging the multi-enzyme activities of the multivalent metallic elements, the nanoplatform not only decomposes HO to generate oxygen and alleviate tumor hypoxia but also depletes glutathione to inactivate glutathione peroxides 4, which amplify sonodynamic therapy and ferroptotic tumor death under ultrasound (US) irradiation.

Accounting for air cleaner utilization and performance to improve interpretation of patient outcomes in real-world indoor air cleaner intervention trials.

There is an increasing number of randomized clinical trials intended to assess the effectiveness of indoor air cleaners for improving participant outcomes in real-world settings. In this communication, we synthesize the current state of registered air cleaner intervention trials and call attention to the critical importance of conducting measurements to characterize the performance and utilization of air cleaners in such trials to improve interpretation of exposure measurements and patient outcomes. We draw upon the existing literature and preliminary findings from our ongoing one-year, randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled case-control trial of stand-alone air filtration in the homes of U.

Structural Design and Challenges of Micron-Scale Silicon-Based Lithium-ion Batteries.

Currently, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are at the forefront of energy storage technologies. Silicon-based anodes, with their high capacity and low cost, present a promising alternative to traditional graphite anodes in LIBs, offering the potential for substantial improvements in energy density. However, the significant volumetric changes that silicon-based anodes undergo during charge and discharge cycles can lead to structural degradation.

Plug-In Design of the Microneedle Electrode Array for Multi-Parameter Biochemical Sensing in Gouty Arthritis.

Gouty arthritis is one of the most common forms of inflammatory arthritis and has brought a significant burden on patients and society. Current strategies for managing gout primarily focus on long-term urate-lowering therapy. With the rapid advancement of point-of-care testing (POCT) technology, continuous monitoring of gout-related biomarkers like uric acid (UA) or inflammatory cytokines can provide rapid and personalized diagnosis for gout management.

Interface Mechanism of Promoting Low-Rank Coal Flotation by Characteristic Groups in Hydrophilic Moieties of Cationic-Anionic Surfactants.

Flotation is an interfacial process involving gas, liquid, and solid phases, where polar ionic promoters significantly influence both gas-liquid and solid-liquid interfaces during low-rank coal (LRC) flotation. This study examines how the structures of hydrophilic groups in cation-anion mixed promoters affect the interfacial flotation performance of LRC pulp using flotation tests, surface tension tests, wetting heat tests, and molecular dynamics simulations. Results indicate that cation-anion mixed promoters enhance the LRC floatability to varying degrees.

The dual-action evolutionarily conserved NatB catalytic subunit NAA20 regulates poplar root development in response to salt and osmotic stresses.

In Populus simonii, the N-terminal acetyltransferase subunit gene PsiNAA20 was induced by salt stress and osmotic stress and regulates root development. The spatiotemporal specificity of PsiNAA20-interacting gene expression and translation efficiency suggested dual functions in poplar root development under salt stress and osmotic stress.

Breaking the Trade-Off Between Electrical Conductivity and Mechanical Strength in Bulk Graphite Using Metal-Organic Framework-Derived Precursors.

High-performance bulk graphite (HPBG) that simultaneously integrates superior electrical conductivity and excellent strength is in high demand, yet it remains critical and challenging. Herein a novel approach is introduced utilizing MOF-derived nanoporous metal/carbon composites as precursors to circumvent this traditional trade-off. The resulting bulk graphite, composed of densely packed multilayered graphene sheets functionalized with diverse cobalt forms (nanoparticles, single atoms, and clusters), exhibits unprecedented electrical conductivity in all directions (in-plane: 7311 S cm⁻¹, out-of-plane: 5541 S cm⁻¹) and excellent mechanical strength (flexural: 101.

Engineering carbon assimilation in plants.

Carbon assimilation is a crucial part of the photosynthetic process, wherein inorganic carbon, typically in the form of CO, is converted into organic compounds by living organisms, including plants, algae, and a subset of bacteria. Although several carbon fixation pathways have been elucidated, the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle remains fundamental to carbon metabolism, playing a pivotal role in the biosynthesis of starch and sucrose in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. However, Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO), the key carboxylase enzyme of the CBB cycle, exhibits low kinetic efficiency, low substrate specificity, and high temperature sensitivity, all of which have the potential to limit flux through this pathway.

Single-Cell Multi-omics Assessment of Spinal Cord Injury Blocking via Cerium-doped Upconversion Antioxidant Nanoenzymes.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) impairs the central nervous system and induces the myelin-sheath-deterioration because of reactive oxygen species (ROS), further hindering the recovery of function. Herein, the simultaneously emergency treatment and dynamic luminescence severity assessment (SETLSA) strategy is designed for SCI based on cerium (Ce)-doped upconversion antioxidant nanoenzymes (Ce@UCNP-BCH). Ce@UCNP-BCH can not only efficiently eliminate the SCI localized ROS, but dynamically monitor the oxidative state in the SCI repair process using a ratiometric luminescence signal.

Directed Inward Migration of S-Vacancy in BiS QDs for Selective Photocatalytic CO to CHOH.

The directional migration of S-vacancy is beneficial to the separation of photogenerated carriers and the transition of electrons in semiconductors. In this study, Bi/BiS@carboxylic-cellulose (CC) photocatalyst with bionic chloroplast structure is obtained by electron beam irradiation to induce S-vacancy in BiS@CC. The results of CO photoreduction experiments demonstrate that the reduction rate of CO to CHOH by Bi/BiS@CC-450 samples is 10.

Lattice Oxygen Redox Dynamics in Zeolite-Encapsulated CsPbBr Perovskite OER Electrocatalysts.

Understanding the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) mechanism is pivotal for improving the overall efficiency of water electrolysis. Despite methylammonium lead halide perovskites (MAPbX) have shown promising OER performance due to their soft-lattice nature that allows lattice-oxygen oxidation of active α-PbO layer surface, the role of A-site MA or X-site elements in the electrochemical reconstruction and OER mechanisms has yet to be explored. Here, it is demonstrated that the OER mechanism of perovskite@zeolite composites is intrinsically dominated by the A-site group of lead-halide perovskites, while the type of X-site halogen is crucial for the reconstruction kinetics of the composites.

Developing Topics.

Background: Neurotransmitter receptors' contribution to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology development has been implicated by basic science studies but is yet to be fully established. Here, we incorporate receptor density maps into network spreading models to predict amyloid and tau patterns in AD, reflecting their potential roles in facilitating or impeding pathology production and connectivity-mediated spread.

Method: Amyloid-PET positive individuals from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) were divided into "early" (n = 119) and "late" (n = 69) pathology groups according to tau accumulation in the temporal cortex (Figure 1A).

Developing Topics.

Background: Oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) reflects the equilibrium between brain oxygen delivery and consumption, potentially serving as an early Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker. Previous investigations were mainly conducted in cognitive impairment and AD population. However, the potential neuropathway connecting cardiometabolic condition, OEF, and dementia-related brain structural changes, especially in early cognitive decline, is unclear.