Insights into Toxicological Mechanisms of Per-/polyfluoroalkyl Substances by Using Omics-centered Approaches.

The extensive presence of per-/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the environment and their adverse effects on organisms have garnered increasing concern. With the shift of industrial development from legacy to emerging PFASs, expanding the understanding of molecular responses to legacy and emerging PFASs is essential to accurately assess their risks to organisms. Compared with traditional toxicological approaches, omics technologies including transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics/lipidomics, and microbiomics allow comprehensive analysis of the molecular changes that occur in organisms after PFAS exposure.

A Stable Solid-Electrolyte Interphase Constructed by a Nucleophilic Molecule Additive for the Zn Anode with High Utilization and Efficiency.

The solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) strongly determines the stability and reversibility of aqueous Zn-ion batteries (AZIBs). In traditional electrolytes, the nonuniform SEI layer induced by severe parasitic reactions, such as the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), will exacerbate the side reactions on Zn anodes, thus leading to low zinc utilization ratios (ZURs). Herein, we propose to use methoxy ethylamine (MOEA) as a nucleophilic additive, which has a stronger nucleophilic characteristic than water, with the advantage of an abundance of nucleophilic atoms.

Identifying Upper d-Band Edge as Activity Descriptor for Ammonia Oxidation on PtCo Alloys in Low-Temperature Direct Ammonia Fuel Cells.

Low-temperature direct ammonia fuel cell (DAFC) stands out as a more secure technology than the hydrogen fuel cell system, while there is still a lack of elegant bottom-up synthesis procedures for efficient ammonia oxidation reaction (AOR) electrocatalysts. The widely accepted d-band center, even with consideration of the d-band width, usually fails to describe variations in AOR reactivity in many practical conditions, and a more accurate activity descriptor is necessary for a less empirical synthesis path. Herein, the upper d-band edge, ε, derived from the d-band model, is identified as an effective descriptor for accurately establishing the descriptor-activity relationship.

Efficient direct formic acid electrocatalysis enabled by rare earth-doped platinum-tellurium heterostructures.

The lack of high-efficiency platinum (Pt)-based nanomaterials remains a formidable and exigent challenge in achieving high formic acid oxidation reaction (FAOR) and membrane electrode assembly (MEA) catalysis for direct formic acid fuel cell (DFAFC) technology. Herein, we report 16 Pt-based heterophase nanotrepang with rare earth (RE)-doped face-centered cubic Pt (fcc-Pt) and trigonal Pt-tellurium (t-PtTe) configurations ((RE-Pt)-PtTe HPNT). Yttrium (Y) is identified as the optimal dopant, existing as single sites and clusters on the surface.

Rapid detection of sludge moisture content based on the frequency domain reflection.

The moisture content (MC) of sludge is a critical factor affecting sludge treatment and disposal technologies. Traditional drying methods for measuring sludge MC are time-consuming and lack of portability. To achieve rapid online detection of sludge MC, this paper proposes a method based on frequency domain reflectometry.

Ultrahigh concentration exfoliation and aqueous dispersion of few-layer graphene by excluded volume effect.

Colloidal properties of nanoparticles are intricately linked to their morphology. Traditionally, achieving high-concentration dispersions of two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets has proven challenging as they tend to agglomerate or re-stack under increased surface contact and Van der Waals attraction. Here, we unveil an excluded volume effect enabled by 2D morphology, which can be coupled with electrostatic repulsion to synthesize high-concentration aqueous graphene dispersions.

Tailoring Robust 2D Nanochannels by Radical Polymerization for Efficient Molecular Sieving.

Two-dimensional (2D) nanochannels have demonstrated outstanding performance for sieving specific molecules or ions, owing to their uniform molecular channel sizes and interlayer physical/chemical properties. However, controllably tuning nanochannel spaces with specific sizes and simultaneously achieving high mechanical strength remain the main challenges. In this work, the inter-sheet gallery d-spacing of graphene oxide (GO) membrane is successfully tailored with high mechanical strength via a general radical-induced polymerization strategy.

Research on water immersion damage characteristics and equivalent width of coal pillar.

Affected by weakening effect of water in the goaf, the bearing capacity of coal pillar reduced, and coal pillar rock burst is prone to occur, which is a serious threat to mine safety in production. In order to study the equivalent width and stability of coal pillar in water-rich coal seam, taking the section coal pillar of a working face as the research object, combined with laboratory test, theoretical analysis, simulation and engineering practice, the stress, elastic core area width, damage degree and energy accumulation of 36 m water-immersed coal pillar and 26 m, 28 m, 30 m, 32 m, 36 m unimmersed coal pillars are analyzed. The research results show that: (1) The reasonable width of coal pillar under flooded and unflooded conditions is 36.

Piezoresistive Sensor Based on Porous Sponge with Superhydrophobic and Flame Retardant Properties for Motion Monitoring and Fire Alarm.

Polyurethane sponge is frequently selected as a substrate material for constructing flexible compressible sensors due to its excellent resilience and compressibility. However, being highly hydrophilic and flammable, it not only narrows the range of use of the sensor but also poses a great potential threat to human safety. In this paper, a conductive flexible piezoresistive sensor (CHAP-PU) with superhydrophobicity and high flame retardancy was prepared by a simple dip-coating method using A-CNTs/HGM/ADP coatings deposited on the surface of a sponge skeleton and modified with polydimethylsiloxane.

Bending energy storage mechanical model of layered composite roof structure in coal mining.

The Layered Composite Roof Structure (LCRS) is a common bearing structure consisting of multiple layers of rock above a coal seam, and the energy stored in this structure plays an important role in the occurrence of rockburst. Few studies have been conducted on the theoretical modeling of energy storage in LCRS. This study theoretically developed a bending energy storage model for LCRS under three conditions, and the theoretical model was verified by simulation and experimental data.

Synergetic degradation of PFOS by HALT conditions enhanced by Fe-based amorphous alloys.

Global concern over per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), especially perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), disposal prompts the search for effective degradation methods. Subcritical water hydrothermal treatment shows promise but suffers from unclear degradation pathways, hindering engineering application design due to unknown intermediate products. This study introduces Fe-based amorphous alloy to enhance the subcritical water hydrothermal degradation of PFOS, achieving a degradation rate of approximately 85 % under optimized conditions of 325 °C and 1 M sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃), compared to 56 % without the alloy.

An Efficient and Flexible Bifunctional Dual-Band Electrochromic Device Integrating with Energy Storage.

Dual-band electrochromic devices capable of the spectral-selective modulation of visible (VIS) light and near-infrared (NIR) can notably reduce the energy consumption of buildings and improve the occupants' visual and thermal comfort. However, the low optical modulation and poor durability of these devices severely limit its practical applications. Herein, we demonstrate an efficient and flexible bifunctional dual-band electrochromic device which not only shows excellent spectral-selective electrochromic performance with a high optical modulation and a long cycle life, but also displays a high capacitance and a high energy recycling efficiency of 51.

Vibration discomfort of supine human body exposed to whole-body vibration: effect of vibration direction and magnitude.

Supine postures are increasingly adopted in medical transport, long-duration flights, and other healthcare environments. This study is aimed to identify the effect of vibration direction and magnitude on the objective and subjective responses of the human body in a supine posture. The transmissibilities to the head, chest, abdomen, and thighs of 12 male subjects were measured with single-axis random vibrations in longitudinal ( axis), lateral ( axis), and vertical ( axis) direction at 0.

[Research progress on the effect of estuary microplastics on antibiotic resistance genes].

Estuaries are transitional zones between rivers and marine environments, with intensive human activities. Pollutants pose a threat to the ecological systems of estuaries. Among these pollutants, microplastics and antibiotic resistant genes have gained significant attention due to their potential impacts on estuarine organisms and human health.

Epitaxy Orientation and Kinetics Diagnosis for Zinc Electrodeposition.

An accurate assessment of the electrodeposition mechanism is essential for evaluating the electrochemical stability and reversibility of the metal anodes. Multiple strategies aimed at uniform Zn deposition have been extensively reported, yet it is challenging to clarify the Zn crystal growth regularity and activity due to the obscured physicochemical properties of as-deposited Zn. Herein, we present a protocol for elucidating the controlled epitaxial growth process of Zn crystals and quantifying their surface electrochemical activity using scanning electrochemical microscopy.

[Meta-analysis on the Effects of Organic Fertilizer Application on Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Agricultural Soils].

To explore the direct and indirect effects of organic fertilizer application on greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural soils, a total of 1228 groups of data from 129 published studies were selected. Meta-analysis was used to analyze the effects of organic fertilizer on global greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural soils and their influencing factors. Meanwhile, a structural equation model （SEM） was further constructed to quantify and determine the causal relationships between the factors.

Convolutional neural network-assisted Raman spectroscopy for high-precision diagnosis of glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most lethal intracranial tumor with a median survival of approximately 15 months. Due to its highly invasive properties, it is particularly difficult to accurately identify the tumor margins intraoperatively. The current gold standard for diagnosing GBM during surgery is pathology, but it is time-consuming.

Ionic liquid assisted construction of synergistic modulated multiphase hybrid composites for boosting electrochemical energy storage.

The unique structure and strong interaction of multiphase hybrid materials have garnered significant attention as prospective candidates for electrode materials in the realm of energy storage. The present study presents a rational design of a functional NiSe-CoSe/N, B double-doped carbon hybrid composite (NCS/C), resulting in the emergence of various novel cooperative regulatory mechanisms involving: (i) the heterogeneous structure of NiSe and CoSe generates built-in electric fields to increase electron mobility; (ii) the incorporation of polyatomic double-doped carbon (N, and B) expedites electron transfer rate; intriguingly, (iii) ionic liquids not only serve as polyatomic dopants in the reaction system but also influence the microstructure of the composite. Benefiting from these synergistic effects, the NCS/C hybrid exhibits remarkable charge storage capacity and rapid electrochemical kinetics, driven by its multi-fold hollow structure and multicomponent cooperative modulation.

Phase Engineering Facilitates O-O Coupling via Lattice Oxygen Mechanism for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution on Nickel-Iron Phosphide.

Nickel-iron-based catalysts are recognized for their high efficiency in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) under alkaline conditions, yet the underlying mechanisms that drive their superior performance remain unclear. Herein, we revealed the molecular OER mechanism and the structure-intermediate-performance relationship of OER on a phosphorus-doped nickel-iron nanocatalyst (NiFeP). NiFeP exhibited exceptional activity and stability with an overpotential of only 210 mV at 10 mA cm in 1 M KOH and a cell voltage of 1.

Atomically Precise Cu Nanoclusters with Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Properties.

Ligand-stabilized metal nanoclusters with atomic precision are considered to be promising materials in the field of light-emitting and harvesting. Among these, nanoclusters with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) properties are highly sought after. While several gold and silver nanoclusters with TADF properties have been reported in recent years, research on copper counterparts has significantly lagged behind.

Tailoring a Transition Metal Dual-Atom Catalyst via a Screening Descriptor in Li-S Batteries.

The adsorption-conversion paradigm of polysulfides during the sulfur reduction reaction (SRR) is appealing to tackle the shuttle effect in Li-S batteries, especially based upon atomically dispersed electrocatalysts. However, mechanistic insights into such catalytic systems remain ambiguous, limiting the understanding of sulfur electrochemistry and retarding the rational design of available catalysts. Herein, we systematically explore the polysulfide adsorption-conversion essence via a geminal-atom model system to understand the catalyst roles toward an expedited SRR.

Magnetointeractive CrTe-Coated Liquid Metal Droplets for Flexible Memory Arrays and Wearable Sensors.

Magnetic liquid metal droplets, featured by unique fluidity, metallic conductivity, and magnetic reactivity, are of growing significance for next-generation flexible electronics. Conventional fabrication routes, which typically incorporate magnetic nanoparticles into liquid metals, otherwise encounter the pitfall pertaining to surface adhesivity and corrosivity over device modules. Here, an innovative approach of synergizing liquid metals with 2D magnetic materials is presented, accordingly creating chromium(III)-telluride-coated liquid metal (CT-LM) droplets via a simple self-assembly process.

Modeling and Simulation of Micron Particle Agglomeration in a Turbulent Flow: Impact of Cylindrical Disturbance and Particle Properties.

The fly ash generated by coal combustion is one of the main sources of PM2.5, so the particulate matter removal technology of coal-fired boilers is receiving increasing attention. Turbulent agglomeration has emerged as a powerful tool for improving the efficiency of removing fine particulates from environments, sparking interest in its study.