Polyphenol-Derived Microbiota Metabolites and Cardiovascular Health: A Concise Review of Human Studies.

Polyphenols, plant-derived secondary metabolites, play crucial roles in plant stress responses, growth regulation, and environmental interactions. In humans, polyphenols are associated with various health benefits, particularly in cardiometabolic health. Despite growing evidence of polyphenols' health-promoting effects, their mechanisms remain poorly understood due to high interindividual variability in bioavailability and metabolism.

Mpox as an emerging health threat for survivors of sex trafficking.

The resurgence of mpox, declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization in 2024, highlights gaps in global preparedness, particularly for marginalised populations. While much of the focus has been on men who have sex with men, survivors of sex trafficking remain overlooked, despite being highly vulnerable to mpox transmission. These individuals face significant health disparities, including limited access to healthcare, exposure to violence and forced sexual encounters in unsafe conditions, which amplify their risk of infection.

Analyzing and predicting short-term substance use behaviors of persons who use drugs in the great plains of the U.S.

Background: Substance use induces large economic and societal costs in the U.S. Understanding the change in substance use behaviors of persons who use drugs (PWUDs) over time, therefore, is important in order to inform healthcare providers, policymakers, and other stakeholders toward more efficient allocation of limited resources to at-risk PWUDs.

Adults perceive similar ultra-processed and minimally processed foods as having different levels of healthfulness: Development of stimuli for an ultra-processed food-related implicit association task.

Ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption is excessive across the United States (US). Understanding perceptions of food based on processing is critical to elucidate reasons for UPF intake and inform tool development for measuring related cognition. Design and evaluate perceptions of UPF and non-UPF food among general US adults.

Age, sex, and mitochondrial-haplotype influence gut microbiome composition and metabolites in a genetically diverse rat model.

We evaluated the impact of sex and mitochondrial-haplotype on the age-related changes in the fecal gut microbiome of the genetically heterogeneous rodent model, the OKC-HET rat. Alpha-diversity, measuring richness and evenness of gut microbiome composition, did not change with age or mitochondrial-haplotype. However, beta-diversity, a measure of microbial differences among samples, was significantly modulated by age in male and female rats in both mitochondrial-haplotypes.

Food Insecurity and Depressive Symptoms Among Persons With Diabetes in the United States: Findings From the 2022 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS).

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine whether food insecurity increases risk for depressive symptoms among adults with diabetes. Food insecurity is associated with depression in the general population. However, minimal research has examined this relationship among persons with diabetes.

Validation of predicted individual treatment effects in out of sample respondents.

Personalized medicine promises the ability to improve patient outcomes by tailoring treatment recommendations to the likelihood that any given patient will respond well to a given treatment. It is important that predictions of treatment response be validated and replicated in independent data to support their use in clinical practice. In this paper, we propose and test an approach for validating predictions of individual treatment effects with continuous outcomes across samples that uses matching in a test (validation) sample to match individuals in the treatment and control arms based on their predicted treatment response and their predicted response under control.

The Effects of Flaxseed Consumption on Glycemic Control in Native American Postmenopausal Women with Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia.

Glucose control in postmenopausal women is influenced by many factors, such as hormones, lifestyle variables, and genetics. Limited data exist on the effect of whole flaxseed on glucose status in postmenopausal Native American women. The aim of this study was to investigate the glucose management effect of a flaxseed dietary intervention on postmenopausal Native American women.

The mathematical word problem-solving performance gap between children with and without math difficulties: does working memory mediate and/or moderate treatment effects?

This study determined the extent to which working memory (WM) played a moderating and/or mediating role in word-problem-solving (WPS) instructional outcomes between children with and without math difficulties (MD). A randomized pretest-posttest control group study investigated the effects of 8-week strategy instruction in one of four treatment conditions on WPS accuracy of third graders with MD ( = 136) when compared to children with ( = 28) and without MD ( = 43). Comparisons were made of three strategy conditions that included overt cues (e.

Measurements of Abdominal Obesity are Associated with Metabolic Syndrome Severity Independent of Hypertensive Phenotype in White but not Black Young Adults.

Purpose: This study sought to determine if metabolic syndrome severity (MetS) was differentially associated with abdominal obesity based on waist circumference (WC) site and the presentation of hypertensive phenotypes in a group of young White and Black adults.

Methods: A total of 139 young adult (22.5 ± 3.

Measurement invariance of the Coparenting Relationship Scale (CRS) across 10 countries.

The purpose of this study was to assess the factor structure and the measurement invariance of the Coparenting Relationship Scale (CRS) across 10 countries based on the seven-factor coparenting model (i.e., Coparenting Agreement, Coparenting Closeness, Exposure to Conflict, Coparenting Support, Endorsement of Partner's Parenting; Division of Labor) proposed by Feinberg (2003).

Perceptions of Preventable Cancer Burden Among US-Based Firefighters: A Mixed Methods Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: Characterize experiences with cancer and perceptions of the preventable cancer burden attributable to diet among firefighters.

Design: A cross-sectional survey was distributed to assess cancer history and perceptions of cancer.

Setting: US.

Considerations for the use of porcine organ donation models in preclinical organ donor intervention research.

Use of animal models in preclinical transplant research is essential to the optimization of human allografts for clinical transplantation. Animal models of organ donation and preservation help to advance and improve technical elements of solid organ recovery and facilitate research of ischemia-reperfusion injury, organ preservation strategies, and future donor-based interventions. Important considerations include cost, public opinion regarding the conduct of animal research, translational value, and relevance of the animal model for clinical practice.

Local Food System Approaches to Address Food and Nutrition Security among Low-Income Populations: A Systematic Review.

Food and nutrition insecurity disproportionately impact low-income households in the United States, contributing to higher rates of chronic diseases among this population. Addressing this challenge is complex because of various factors affecting the availability and accessibility of nutritious food. Short value chain (SVC) models, informally known as local food systems, offer a systemic approach that aims to optimize resources and align values throughout and beyond the food supply chain.

Activity in the pontine reticular nuclei scales with handgrip force in humans.

The neural pathways that contribute to force production in humans are currently poorly understood, as the relative roles of the corticospinal tract and brainstem pathways, such as the reticulospinal tract (RST), vary substantially across species. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we aimed to measure activation in the pontine reticular nuclei (PRN) during different submaximal handgrip contractions to determine the potential role of the PRN in force modulation. Thirteen neurologically intact participants (age: 28 ± 6 yr) performed unilateral handgrip contractions at 25%, 50%, 75% of maximum voluntary contraction during brain scans.

Indicators of community physical activity resources and opportunities and variation by community sociodemographic characteristics: A scoping review.

Objective: This scoping review synthesizes studies examining community-level variability in physical activity resource (assets) and opportunity (organized group physical activity services) availability by community sociodemographic characteristics to describe methodologies for measuring resources/opportunities, indicators characterizing availability, and associations between community-level sociodemographic characteristics and availability.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus for literature through 2022. Eligible studies quantitatively examined measures of physical activity resource/opportunity availability by community-level racial, ethnic, and/or socioeconomic characteristics within geospatially defined communities.

Patient navigation job roles by levels of experience: Workforce Development Task Group, National Navigation Roundtable.

Cancer patient navigators work in diverse settings ranging from community-based programs to comprehensive cancer centers to improve outcomes in underserved populations by eliminating barriers to timely cancer prevention, early detection, diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship in a culturally appropriate and competent manner. This article clarifies the roles and responsibilities of Entry, Intermediate, and Advanced level cancer patient navigators. The competencies described in this article apply to patient navigators, nurse navigators, and social work navigators.

Latent Class Groups of Concurrent Substance Use Among Adolescents in an Urban Community: Correlates With Mental Health, Access to Drugs and Alcohol, and Risk Perception.

Background: Concurrent substance use among adolescents has been associated with an increase in physical and mental health problems. These outcomes tend to be exacerbated among adolescents of color in underserved urban settings. The purpose of this study was to understand alcohol and concurrent drug use patterns among adolescents in an underserved urban community to provide targeted prevention and treatment recommendations.

Changes in the chronic and postprandial blood lipid profiles of trained competitive cyclists and triathletes following a ketogenic diet: a randomized crossover trial.

Background: The ketogenic diet (KD) is the most popular carbohydrate restriction strategy for endurance athletes. However, because the primary goal of employing the KD is to gain a competitive advantage in competition, endurance athletes may be less concerned with the influence of the KD on their cardiometabolic health; particularly their blood lipid profiles. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the chronic and postprandial blood lipid alterations following a two-week ad libitum KD compared to an ad libitum high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) and the athletes' habitual diet (HD) in a group of trained competitive cyclists and triathletes.

Gender Diversity, Disability, and Well-Being: Impact of Delayed and Foregone Care Because of COVID-19.

This study explored the impact of delayed and foregone care due to COVID-19 on well-being among disabled and gender diverse adults. Using data from the 2021 National Survey on Health and Disability and logistic regression modeling we assessed the impact of delayed or foregone care due to COVID-19 on well-being among disabled people ( = 1638), with comparisons between cisgender ( = 1538) and gender diverse ( = 100) people with disabilities. We report odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI).

Psychometrics of psychosocial behavior items under age 6 years: Evidence from Nebraska, USA.

Because healthy psychosocial development in the first years of life is critical to lifelong well-being, governmental, and nongovernmental organizations are increasingly interested in monitoring psychosocial behaviors among populations of children. In response, the World Health Organization is developing the Global Scales of Early Development Psychosocial Form (GSED PF) to facilitate population-level psychosocial monitoring. Once validated, the GSED PF will be an open-access, caregiver-reported measure of children's psychosocial behaviors that is appropriate for infants and young children.