A global comparison of surface and subsurface microbiomes reveals large-scale biodiversity gradients, and a marine-terrestrial divide.

Subsurface environments are among Earth's largest habitats for microbial life. Yet, until recently, we lacked adequate data to accurately differentiate between globally distributed marine and terrestrial surface and subsurface microbiomes. Here, we analyzed 478 archaeal and 964 bacterial metabarcoding datasets and 147 metagenomes from diverse and widely distributed environments.

Generating a 30 m Hourly Land Surface Temperatures Based on Spatial Fusion Model and Machine Learning Algorithm.

Land surface temperature (LST) is a critical parameter for understanding climate change and maintaining hydrological balance across local and global scales. However, existing satellite LST products face trade-offs between spatial and temporal resolutions, making it challenging to provide all-weather LST with high spatiotemporal resolution. In this study, focusing on Chengdu city, a framework combining a spatiotemporal fusion model and machine learning algorithm was proposed and applied to retrieve hourly high spatial resolution LST data from Chinese geostationary weather satellite data and multi-scale polar-orbiting satellite observations.

Effect of Reservoir Heterogeneity on Polymer-Surfactant Binary Chemical Flooding Efficiency in Conglomerate Reservoirs.

Reservoir heterogeneity significantly affects reservoir flooding efficiency and the formation and distribution of residual oil. As an effective method for enhancing recovery, polymer-surfactant (SP) flooding has a complex mechanism of action in inhomogeneous reservoirs. In this study, the effect of reservoir heterogeneity on the SP drive was investigated by designing core parallel flooding experiments combined with NMR and CT scanning techniques, taking conglomerate reservoirs in a Xinjiang oilfield as the research object.

Post-Imbrium Pb-Pb isochron ages for Apollo basaltic impact melt samples 14078 and 68415.

The Apollo 14 and 16 missions returned several samples commonly interpreted as crystalline impact melt, with ages of approximately 3800-3850 Ma. Previous work has suggested that these rocks formed in one or more pre-Imbrium basin forming impact(s). By contrast, recent ages determined for a range of lunar breccias provide compelling evidence that the Imbrium basin was formed at approximately 3920 Ma.

A deeper and hotter Martian core-mantle differentiation inferred from FeO partitioning.

The core-mantle differentiation process plays a pivotal role in redistributing material on a massive scale, shaping the long-term evolution of rocky planets. Understanding this process is crucial for gaining insights into the accretion and evolution of planets like Mars. However, the details of Mars's core-mantle differentiation remain poorly understood due to limited compositional data for its core and mantle.

In situ carbon isotopic analyses of magnesium-rich carbonates by LA-MC-ICP-MS at low mass resolution using an iterative isobaric interference correction.

Accurate in situ carbon isotopic measurements of magnesium-rich carbonates using LA-MC-ICP-MS require effective correction for isobaric interference, particularly from doubly charged Mg ions that can induce δC deviations of several permil. This study focuses on optimizing gas parameters and developing robust correction strategies to improve the accuracy of δC measurements. Experimental results demonstrate that the introduction of nitrogen gas at a flow rate of 4-6 mL/min effectively doubles signal sensitivity while optimizing low helium (0.

Mechanisms of manganese uptake and long-distance transport in the hyperaccumulator Celosia argentea Linn.

Celosia argentea Linn. is a hyperaccumulator for the remediation of manganese (Mn)-contaminated soil owing to its rapid growth, high decontamination capacity, and strong stress resistance. However, little is known about the processes involved in long-distance transport of Mn in hyperaccumulators.

Feasibility of cultivating Se-enriched crops using localized natural Se enrichment resources.

Selenium (Se) exists in a dispersed state with low abundance in the environment, of which nutritional supply is generally inadequate globally. Cultivating Se-enriched crops using limited natural Se resources may be a feasible solution to mitigate this inadequacy. Herein, maize grain and Chinese cabbage harvested from a representative area with localized Se enrichment were selected.

Electroactivation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-coupled electrocoagulation for degradation of iodinated contrast media and reduction of I-DBPs formation: Dual control and QSAR modeling.

Iodinated contrast medias (ICMs) can act as an iodine source to react with dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the chlorination process to form toxic iodinated disinfection byproducts (I-DBPs). In this study, a coupled process of electrically activated PMS and electrocoagulation (EO-PMS/EC) was constructed to simultaneously remove iopamidol (IPM) and DOM, which has a dual control effect on the formation of I-DBPs. This system achieved a 90.

New MgSiO_{4}H_{2} Phases as Potential Primary Water Carriers into the Deep Earth.

Dense hydrous magnesium silicate MgSiO_{4}H_{2} is widely regarded as a primary water carrier into the deep Earth. However, the stability fields of MgSiO_{4}H_{2} based on the prevailing structure model are narrower than experimental results at relevant pressure and temperature (P-T) conditions, casting doubts about this prominent mineral as a water carrier into the great depths of the Earth. Here, we report on an advanced structure search that identifies two new crystal structures, denoted as α- and β-MgSiO_{4}H_{2}, that are stable over unprecedentedly wide P-T conditions of 17-68 GPa and up to 1860 K, covering the entire experimentally determined range.

Balancing growth and preservation: Unravelling Africa's carbon-economic nexus through the environmental kuznets curve.

Africa is vulnerable to the challenges of global climate change, which poses a significant obstacle to achieving economic development while protecting the environment. Despite numerous Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) studies, evidence remains inconclusive, especially in African countries. This study delves into the carbon-economic nexus within the EKC framework across 46 African countries from 1990 to 2020.

A horizon scan of biological conservation issues for 2025.

We discuss the outcomes of our 16th horizon scan of issues that are novel or represent a considerable step-change and have the potential to substantially affect conservation of biological diversity in the coming decade. From an initial 96 topics, our international panel of 32 scientists and practitioners prioritised 15 issues. Technological advances are prominent, including metal and non-metal organic frameworks, deriving rare earth elements from macroalgae, synthetic gene drives in plants, and low-emission cement.

Machine learning based workflow for (micro)plastic spectral reconstruction and classification.

With the advancement of artificial intelligence, it is foreseeable that computer-assisted identification of microplastics (MPs) will become increasingly widespread. Therefore, exploring a machine learning-based workflow to facilitate the identification of MPs is both meaningful and practically significant. However, interferences present in MPs spectra often compromise identification accuracy, making the improvement of spectral quality a critical prerequisite for precise identification.

Dissolution and solubility of the calcium-nickel carbonate solid solutions [(CaNi)CO] at 25 °C.

A series of the calcium-nickel carbonate solid solutions [(CaNi)CO] were synthesized and their dissolution in N-degassed water (NDW) and CO-saturated water (CSW) at 25 °C was experimentally investigated. During dissolution of the synthetic solids (Ni-bearing calcite, amorphous Ca-bearing NiCO and their mixtures), the Ni-calcite and the Ca-NiCO dissolved first followed by the formation of the Ni-bearing aragonite-structure phases. After 240-300 days of dissolution in NDW, the water solutions achieved the stable Ca and Ni concentrations of 0.

Integrated detrital rutile and detrital zircon ages: a new perspective on the tectonic evolution of South China.

Paleogeographic reconstructions are of key importance for understanding the history of continental breakups and amalgamations during Earth's history. A special case is the history of the Asian continent, which, compared to other continents, consists of several large cratons and numerous smaller continental blocks. The history of the assembly of South China remains controversial in terms of the timing, Late Neoproterozoic or Early Paleozoic, and the participating continental blocks, e.

Enhanced peroxymonosulfate activation for organic decontamination by Ni-doped δ-FeOOH under visible-light assistance.

There is an urgent need for efficient and cost-effective methods without secondary pollution to decompose pollutants from contaminated water in the face of severe water pollution caused by the extensive use of synthetic dye in industry. In this work, Ni-doped δ-FeOOH was synthesized using co-precipitation method at room temperature and was applied as the catalyst in a visible-light-assisted peroxymonosulfate system for assessing its catalytic performance in RhB removal. An optimum RhB degradation of 99.

Glutarimidedioxime: A Complexing, Reductive, and Nitrosyl Reagent for Molybdenum.

Glutarimidedioxime is a cyclic amidoxime moiety formed during the synthesis of amidoxime-functionalized fibers and apparently facilitates the extraction of uranium from seawater. Herein, we comprehensively explore differences between molybdenum and vanadium coordinated by glutarimidedioxime. The high adsorption of vanadium is explained by the formation of rare nonoxido vanadium(V) complexes, where each bare V is coordinated with two tridentate glutarimidedioxime ligands.

Direct Observations of Coastally Generated Near-Inertial Waves During a Wind Event.

Wind over the ocean generates near-inertial velocities. In the open ocean, horizontal variability in the inertial frequency and mesoscale vorticity generate internal waves that transport energy laterally and drive diapcynal mixing in remote locations. In the coastal ocean, horizontal variability is produced by the coastline.

The hyper-enrichment of silver through the aggregation of silver sulfide nanoparticles.

Silver deposits have long been considered to form due to the direct precipitation of silver minerals from aqueous fluids, in which the metal is transported as chloride and/or bisulfide complexes. Ultra-high-grade silver ores have silver contents up to tens of weight-percent in the form of silver sulfides and native silver. Ore-forming fluids of most silver deposits, however, typically contain low silver contents of parts per million silver.