Seafloor incubation experiments at deep-sea hydrothermal vents reveal distinct biogeographic signatures of autotrophic communities.

The discharge of hydrothermal vents on the seafloor provides energy sources for dynamic and productive ecosystems, which are supported by chemosynthetic microbial populations. These populations use the energy gained by oxidizing the reduced chemicals contained within the vent fluids to fix carbon and support multiple trophic levels. Hydrothermal discharge is ephemeral and chemical composition of such fluids varies over space and time, which can result in geographically distinct microbial communities.

Serum proteomics reveals a tolerant immune phenotype across multiple pathogen taxa in wild vampire bats.

Bats carry many zoonotic pathogens without showing pronounced pathology, with a few exceptions. The underlying immune tolerance mechanisms in bats remain poorly understood, although information-rich omics tools hold promise for identifying a wide range of immune markers and their relationship with infection. To evaluate the generality of immune responses to infection, we assessed the differences and similarities in serum proteomes of wild vampire bats () across infection status with five taxonomically distinct pathogens: bacteria ( spp.

Structural and functional interactions between the EF hand domain and S2-S3 loop in the type-1 ryanodine receptor ion channel.

Previous cryo-electron micrographs suggested that the skeletal muscle Ca release channel, ryanodine receptor (RyR)1, is regulated by intricate interactions between the EF hand Ca binding domain and the cytosolic loop (S2-S3 loop). However, the precise molecular details of these interactions and functional consequences of the interactions remain elusive. Here, we used molecular dynamics simulations to explore the specific amino acid pairs involved in hydrogen bond interactions within the EF hand-S2-S3 loop interface.

Rotational Spectrum and Ring Structures of Silacyclohex-2-ene and 1,1-Difluorosilacyclohex-2-ene.

Silacyclohex-2-ene and 1,1-difluorosilacyclohex-2-ene have been synthesized, and the chirped-pulse, Fourier-transform microwave spectra of each have been observed and analyzed from 4.9 to 23.1 GHz.

Recommendations for assessing appearance concerns related to plexiform and cutaneous neurofibromas in neurofibromatosis 1 clinical trials.

Background/aims: Individuals with neurofibromatosis 1 may experience changes in their appearance due to physical manifestations of the disorders and/or treatment sequelae. Appearance concerns related to these physical changes can lead to psychological distress and poorer quality of life. While many neurofibromatosis 1 clinical trials focus on assessing changes in tumor volume, evaluating patients' perspectives on corresponding changes in symptoms such as physical appearance can be key secondary outcomes.

Establishment of a Halophilic Bloom in a Sterile and Isolated Hypersaline Mesocosm.

Extreme environments, including hypersaline pools, often serve as biogeographical islands. Putative colonizers would need to survive transport across potentially vast distances of inhospitable terrain. Hyperhalophiles, in particular, are often highly sensitive to osmotic pressure.

Navigating the Tension between Fatherhood Ideals and Realities of a Post-Conflict Setting: A Phenomenological Study of Former Child Soldiers in Sierra Leone.

The concept of "fatherhood" in many African countries has traditionally been understood in terms of instrumental support to one's family, most notably, financial provision. However, in Sierra Leone and elsewhere, this narrow understanding of fatherhood is changing as a result of shifting demographic trends and responses to recent crises such as the Ebola pandemic and the aftermath of a civil war. Very little is understood about how male former children associated with armed forces and armed groups (CAAFAG) are navigating fatherhood and understanding their roles as fathers, particularly as many have grown up without fathers or parents themselves and experienced violence.

The pleasure, joy and positive emotional experiences of abortion accompaniment after 17 weeks' gestation.

Research documents how abortion can be emotionally difficult and stigmatising, but generally has not considered whether and how involvement in abortion may be a source of positive emotions, including pleasure, belonging and even joy. The absence of explorations that start from the possibility of abortion pleasure and joy represents an epistemic foreclosure. Moreover, it highlights how social science literature has tended to emphasise the negative aspects of abortion care in ways that produce or amplify normative negative associations.

Lightweight Multi-Class Support Vector Machine-Based Medical Diagnosis System with Privacy Preservation.

Machine learning, powered by cloud servers, has found application in medical diagnosis, enhancing the capabilities of smart healthcare services. Research literature demonstrates that the support vector machine (SVM) consistently demonstrates remarkable accuracy in medical diagnosis. Nonetheless, safeguarding patients' health data privacy and preserving the intellectual property of diagnosis models is of paramount importance.

Event-related potentials for investigating the willingness to recycle household medical waste.

Household medical waste (HMW) recycling in the reverse supply chain has become a primary channel for infectious, toxic, or radioactive substances for environmental protection and a circular economy. Recycling managers need to understand the recycling decision-making mechanisms of households to improve the intention-behavior gap and recycling participation rate, especially in cognitive neuroscience. This study designed an event-related potential (ERPs) experiment to explore the differences in ERPs components between the willingness and unwillingness to make recycling decisions.

CANAttack: Assessing Vulnerabilities within Controller Area Network.

Current vehicles include electronic features that provide ease and convenience to drivers. These electronic features or nodes rely on in-vehicle communication protocols to ensure functionality. One of the most-widely adopted in-vehicle protocols on the market today is the Controller Area Network, popularly referred to as the CAN bus.

Reactions of Benzylboronate Nucleophiles.

This short review summarizes our laboratory's development of benzylboronic esters as nucleophiles. Activation of the benzylboronic ester is achieved by irreversible coordination of an alkyllithium Lewis base to form a nucleophilic benzylboronate. This boronate was found to react with aldehydes, imines, ketones and alkyl bromides.

Linking coastal environmental and health observations for human wellbeing.

Coastal areas have long been attractive places to live, work, and recreate and remain so even in the face of growing threats from global environmental change. At any moment, a significant portion of the human population is exposed to both positive and negative health effects associated with coastal locations. Some locations may be "hotspots" of concern for human health due to ongoing climatic and other changes, accentuating the need for better understanding of coastal environment-human health linkages.

Embryonic development in the bonnethead (Sphyrna tiburo), a viviparous hammerhead shark.

Background: The hammerhead sharks (family Sphyrnidae) are an immediately recognizable group of sharks due to their unique head shape. Though there has long been an interest in hammerhead development, there are currently no explicit staging tables published for any members of the group. The bonnethead Sphyrna tiburo is the smallest member of Sphyrnidae and is abundant in estuarine and nearshore waters in the Gulf of Mexico and Western North Atlantic Ocean.

Position of Polyclithrum within Gyrodactylidae (Monogenoidea): incongruences between morphological and molecular phylogenies.

This study aimed to enhance our understanding in monogenoid evolution by using morphological and molecular data to determine kinship relationships between species and changes in morphological structures over time. We focused on variations in characteristics among the organisms of the family Gyrodactylidae, concentrating on the phylogenetic position of Polyclithrum with other genera in the family. We collected specimens of Polyclithrum from the striped mullet, Mugil cephalus and Swingleus, and Fundulotrema specimens from mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus in estuarine systems of South Carolina, United States.

Phenology and thallus size in a non-native population of Gracilaria vermiculophylla.

Phenology, or seasonal variation in life cycle events, is poorly described for many macroalgal species. We describe the phenology of a non-native population of Gracilaria vermiculophylla whose thalli are free-living or anchored by decorating polychaetes to tube caps. At a site in South Carolina, USA, we sampled 100 thalli approximately every month from January 2014 to January 2015.

Inductive Effects on Intramolecular Hydrogen Bond Strength: An Investigation of the Effect of an Electron-Withdrawing CF Group Adjacent to an Alcohol Hydrogen Bond Donor.

This combined experimental and theoretical study seeks to determine the role that inductive effects have on hydrogen bonds by an investigation into the change in intramolecular hydrogen bond strength in 2-amino-1-trifluoromethylethanol (2ATFME) relative to that in 2-aminoethanol (2AE). Toward this end, the rotational spectra of the normal, C, and N isotopologues have been measured using Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy and fit to the rotational, quadrupole coupling, and centrifugal distortion constants of the Watson A-reduction Hamiltonian. Structural parameters used to characterize the strength of the intramolecular hydrogen bond have been determined from the experimental structures of both 2ATFME and 2AE as well as from MP2/6-311++G(d,p) calculations.

Redescriptions of Spinitectus acipenseri and S. micracanthus (Nematoda, Cystidicolidae), with notes on the taxonomy of Spinitectus-like nematodes parasitising North American fishes.

Based on light microscopical and scanning electron microscopical (SEM) examinations, two North American species of Spinitectus Fourment, 1884, S. acipenseri Choudhury & Dick, 1992 and S. micracanthus Christian, 1972 (Nematoda, Cystidicolidae) are redescribed from museum voucher specimens (S.

Association of composite park quality with park use in four diverse cities.

Park use has numerous health benefits. However, little research has investigated how the combination of park facilities, amenities, and conditions are related to park visitation. This study examined the association between a novel composite park quality metric and the use of specific parks, including variations by demographics.

Neuronal branching is increasingly asymmetric near synapses, potentially enabling plasticity while minimizing energy dissipation and conduction time.

Neurons' primary function is to encode and transmit information in the brain and body. The branching architecture of axons and dendrites must compute, respond and make decisions while obeying the rules of the substrate in which they are enmeshed. Thus, it is important to delineate and understand the principles that govern these branching patterns.