Functional divergence of principal alcohol o-acyltransferase for biosynthesis of volatile acetate esters among tomato wild species (Solanum Sect. Lycopersicon).

Volatile esters are the chemicals that have multiple physiological functions including plant defense responses and reproduction. From a human perspective, the esters largely contribute to the fruity aroma of freshy fruits. Composition of volatile esters show a significant diversity among the wild tomato species (Solanum sect.

Genome sequence of Hydrangea macrophylla and its application in analysis of the double flower phenotype.

Owing to its high ornamental value, the double flower phenotype of hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla) is one of its most important traits. In this study, genome sequence information was obtained to explore effective DNA markers and the causative genes for double flower production in hydrangea. Single-molecule real-time sequencing data followed by a Hi-C analysis were employed.

Capacity for freshwater acclimation and differences in the transcription of ion transporter genes underlying different migratory life histories of Takifugu fish.

The genus Takifugu is a group of approximately 20 species of puffer fishes living in a wide range of salinity environments around East Asian countries. This group presents a broad spectrum of evolutionary stages adapted to anadromy as a result of speciation that occurred a short time (2-5 million years) ago on an evolutionary timescale. This group thus can be considered as a model for studying the evolutionary mechanisms of anadromy.

Successful management of portal vein thrombosis in a Yorkshire Terrier with protein-losing enteropathy.

Background: Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a rare presentation in dogs with protein-losing enteropathy (PLE). Rivaroxaban, an oral, selective, direct factor Xa inhibitor, has not been reported to be administrated for canine PVT and the effect is unclear in dogs with PLE.

Case Presentation: An 11-year-old Yorkshire Terrier presented with moderate ascites.

Novel approach to enhance sensitivity while retaining morphology in fragile tissue sections for mass spectrometry imaging.

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) imaging is an effective tool for investigating the distribution of molecules. However, cryosections are made from non-fixed tissues, causing difficulties in preparing sections from fragile, high-water content tissues such as those from tadpoles. Here, we introduce a new method for preparing cryosections using an adhesive tape followed by transfer onto glass slides for MALDI-MS imaging.

Non-Transcriptional and Translational Function of Canonical NF-B Signaling in Activating ERK1/2 in IL-1-Induced COX-2 Expression in Synovial Fibroblasts.

The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 (IL-1) induces the synthesis of prostaglandin E by upregulating cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the synovial tissue of individuals with autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). IL-1-mediated stimulation of NF-B and MAPK signaling is important for the pathogenesis of RA; however, crosstalk(s) between NF-B and MAPK signaling remains to be understood. In this study, we established a model for IL-1-induced synovitis and investigated the role of NF-B and MAPK signaling in synovitis.

Author Correction: Aberrant expression of the COX2/PGE axis is induced by activation of the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway in BRAF canine urothelial carcinoma.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Fosravuconazole to treat severe onychomycosis in the elderly.

Fosravuconazole is a novel oral antifungal drug developed in Japan and used to treat tinea unguium since 2018. Its excellent oral absorbability and systemic bioavailability has enabled short-duration therapy of 3 months. Furthermore, no concomitant drugs are contraindicated due to the presence of the mild inhibitor of cytochrome P450 enzyme which is responsible for polypharmacy adverse effects.

DUX4 Transcript Knockdown with Antisense 2'-O-Methoxyethyl Gapmers for the Treatment of Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy.

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by a progressive, asymmetric weakening of muscles, starting with those in the upper body. It is caused by aberrant expression of the double homeobox protein 4 gene (DUX4) in skeletal muscle. FSHD is currently incurable.

Contaminations contaminate common databases.

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a very powerful method to detect and identify pathogens. The high sensitivity of the method, however, comes with a cost; any of the millions of artificial DNA copies generated by PCR can serve as a template in a following experiment. If not identified as contaminations, these may result in erroneous conclusions on the occurrence of the pathogen, thereby inflating estimates of host range and geographic distribution.

Structural analysis of an aluminum-binding capsular polysaccharide produced by Acidocella aluminiidurans strain AL46, an aluminum-tolerant bacterium isolated from plant roots in a highly acidic swamp in actual acid sulfate soil.

Acid sulfate soil is found throughout Southeast Asia, and its strong acidity (pH 2-4) is accompanied by various plant growth-inhibiting factors that can reduce crop production. Among these factors, aluminum elution from the soil due to soil acidity strongly inhibits crop growth and is particularly problematic for agricultural production. We previously isolated Acidocella aluminiidurans strain AL46, a highly aluminum-tolerant bacterium, from the rhizospheres of the grass Panicum repens, inhabiting the acid sulfate soil in Vietnam.

Effect of modified ultrafiltration on cytokines and hemoconcentration in dogs undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass.

Cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) generates severe inflammatory reactions secondary to hemodilution and surgical stress. This study was conducted to evaluate whether modified ultrafiltration (MUF) could be performed safely and to clarify its effects during mitral valve repair in dogs in terms of hemodilution and the status of inflammatory cytokines. We retrospectively studied 38 dogs with mitral valve disease who underwent MUF immediately after mitral valve repair under CPB.

Granulomatous polyarthritis caused by in a dog.

A 6-y-old, 3.5-kg, spayed female Toy Poodle was presented with left forelimb lameness of 2-d duration. Two months before the initial presentation, radiography showed osteolysis of the medial epicondyle of the left humerus, and the left forelimb was amputated.

Light Response of KT2440 Mediated by Class II LitR, a Photosensor Homolog.

KT2440 retains three homologs (PplR1 to PplR3) of the LitR/CarH family, an adenosyl B-dependent light-sensitive MerR family transcriptional regulator. Transcriptome analysis revealed the existence of a number of photoinducible genes, including , (encoding DNA photolyase), (furan-containing fatty acid synthase), (GTP cyclohydrolase I), (cryptochrome-like protein), and multiple genes without annotated/known function. Transcriptional analysis by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR with knockout mutants of to showed that a triple knockout completely abolished the light-inducible transcription in , which indicates the occurrence of ternary regulation of PplR proteins.

Non-surgical transfer of vitrified porcine embryos using a catheter designed for a proximal site of the uterus.

This study aimed to compare the efficiency of non-surgical embryo transfer (ET) using a newly developed catheter, which enables transferring embryos into a proximal site of the uterus (mostly uterine body), and surgical ET of vitrified porcine embryos. In Experiment 1, the catheter was inserted into 12 gilts, with each half of the group allocated to skilled or novice operators. The time required for insertion into the uterus did not differ between skilled and novice operators (4 min 9 s and 4 min 6 s, respectively).

Amiodarone bioconcentration and suppression of metamorphosis in Xenopus.

Trace concentrations of a number of pharmaceutically active compounds have been detected in the aquatic environment in many countries, where they are thought to have the potential to exert adverse effects on non-target organisms. Amiodarone (AMD) is one such high-risk compound commonly used in general hospitals. AMD is known to alter normal thyroid hormone (TH) function, although little information is available regarding the specific mechanism by which this disruption occurs.

Prevalence and antimicrobial-resistance profiles of Salmonella spp. isolated from green anoles (Anolis carolinensis) collected on the Haha-jima of the Ogasawara archipelago, Japan.

We investigated the prevalence of Salmonellaenterica and its antimicrobial resistance from 79 green anoles, the invasive alien species inhabits Haha-jima of the Ogasawara archipelago. Samples were collected during the period between 2009 and 2010. The resistance of S.

Author Correction: GlobalFungi, a global database of fungal occurrences from high-throughput-sequencing metabarcoding studies.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

The Arabidopsis PHD-finger protein EDM2 has multiple roles in balancing NLR immune receptor gene expression.

Plant NLR-type receptors serve as sensitive triggers of host immunity. Their expression has to be well-balanced, due to their interference with various cellular processes and dose-dependency of their defense-inducing activity. A genetic "arms race" with fast-evolving pathogenic microbes requires plants to constantly innovate their NLR repertoires.

Age-Dependent Decrease in the Induction of Regulatory T Cells Is Associated With Decreased Expression of RALDH2 in Mesenteric Lymph Node Dendritic Cells.

A decline in immune function with aging has been reported. Regulatory T cell (Treg) induction is known to decrease with age, and elucidating the underlying mechanism is important for preventing age-related diseases due to age-related chronic inflammation. In the intestine, dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in inducing Tregs specific to oral antigens, and they efficiently induce Tregs via production of retinoic acid (RA), a vitamin A metabolite, catalyzed by the enzyme retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2).

Primary localized histiocytic sarcoma of the lumbar vertebrae in a four-toed hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris).

We describe a case of primary localized histiocytic sarcoma of the lumbar vertebrae in a four-toed hedgehog. The case showed aggressive osteolysis of lumbar vertebrae on radiography, and a soft-tissue mass effacing this region was noted, suggesting a neoplastic lesion. No metastatic lesions were apparent.

A genetic typing method for albino mutation in the Mongolian gerbil by PCR-RFLP analysis.

1. We established a PCR-RFLP analysis targeting R77H mutation in the Tyr gene as a more effective genotyping to identify carrier (C/c) with the albino allele and the agouti phenotypes. 2.