sp. nov., an autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing archaeon of phylum isolated from coastal eelgrass sediments of Japan.

A novel mesophilic and aerobic ammonia-oxidizing archaeon of the phylum , strain NM25, was isolated from coastal eelgrass zone sediment sampled in Shimoda (Japan). The cells were rod-shaped with an S-layer cell wall. The temperature range for growth was 20-37 °C, with an optimum at 30 °C.

Enzymatic Synthesis and Structural Confirmation of Novel Oligosaccharide, D-Fructofuranose-linked Chitin Oligosaccharide.

Utilizing transglycosylation reaction catalyzed by β- -acetylhexosaminidase of , β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2↔1)-α- , ´diacetylchitobioside (GlcNAc -Fru) was synthesized from -acetylsucrosamine and , ´-diacetylchitobiose (GlcNAc ), and β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2↔1)-α- , ´, ´´-triacetylchitotrioside (GlcNAc -Fru) was synthesized from GlcNAc -Fru and GlcNAc . Through purification by charcoal column chromatography, pure GlcNAc -Fru and GlcNAc -Fru were obtained in molar yields of 33.0 % and 11.

Long-term management of a cat with nasopharyngeal lymphoma by chlorambucil.

Background: Lymphoma in the nasal cavity is the most common tumor of cats' upper respiratory tract. However, the effect of single-agent chlorambucil on nasal or nasopharyngeal lymphoma has not been evaluated in cats.

Case Description: An 8-year-old, castrated male Scottish Fold weighing 3.

Two new species of (, ) on threatened or near threatened tree species in Japan.

We describe two new species of based on morphological observations and phylogenetic investigations. Both species were identified as by former mycologists, but both are morphologically distinct from authenticated specimen of . is characterized by perennial basidiomata, a sulcate pileus surface becoming rimose, lack of a distinct crust on the pileus surface, subdimitic hyphal system in the context, and ellipsoid basidiospores.

Release of secretory immunoglobulin A by submandibular gland via β adrenergic receptor stimulation.

Objective: Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) is important for mucosal immunity due to the inhibition of pathogen infection. The submandibular gland is known to secrete more sIgA than the parotid and sublingual glands. In this study, we focused on the relationship between the secretion of accumulated intracellular sIgA and β-adrenergic receptor stimulation, and clarified the autonomic regulatory mechanism of sIgA secretion in submandibular gland cells using dispersed gland cells.

Complete Genome Sequence of the Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacterium sp. Strain NRS527, Isolated from the Rhizoplane of Paddy Rice.

This work reports the complete genome sequence of the chemoautotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacterium sp. strain NRS527. The assembled genome is composed of a circular chromosome and two plasmids (80,750 bp and 41,389 bp, respectively).

Prevalence and risk factors for feather-damaging behavior in psittacine birds: Analysis of a Japanese nationwide survey.

A case control study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of feather-damaging behavior and evaluate the correlation with risk factors among pet psittacine birds in Japan. Although feather-damaging behavior among pet parrots is frequently observed in Japan, its prevalence and potential risk factors have not been investigated. Therefore, we conducted an online questionnaire survey on parrot owners throughout Japan to examine regional differences in feather-damaging behavior and associated risk factors.

Highly localized intracellular Ca signals promote optimal salivary gland fluid secretion.

Salivary fluid secretion involves an intricate choreography of membrane transporters to result in the trans-epithelial movement of NaCl and water into the acinus lumen. Current models are largely based on experimental observations in enzymatically isolated cells where the Ca signal invariably propagates globally and thus appears ideally suited to activate spatially separated Cl and K channels, present on the apical and basolateral plasma membrane, respectively. We monitored Ca signals and salivary secretion in live mice expressing GCamp6F, following stimulation of the nerves innervating the submandibular gland.

Lipid Dynamics due to Muscle Atrophy Induced by Immobilization.

Muscle atrophy refers to skeletal muscle loss and dysfunction that affects glucose and lipid metabolism. Moreover, muscle atrophy is manifested in cancer, diabetes, and obesity. In this study, we focused on lipid metabolism during muscle atrophy.

[Changes in Test Methods for Internationalization in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia (Part 2): Establishment of a Quantitative Method for Lorazepam Using HPLC Analysis].

The Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JP) is an official normative publication that is referred to, for establishing the authenticity and properties and maintaining the quality of pharmaceutics in Japan. Partial amendments are periodically made to these guidelines to keep up with the progress of science and technology, and the international harmonization is revised every 5 years. Thus, "Internationalization of the JP" is one of the more important issues to address for the revision of the JP.

Antifungal susceptibility of dermatophytes from racehorses in Japan.

Background: Luliconazole (LCZ) is an imidazole antifungal medication that exhibits excellent activity against dermatophytes. As a topical cream and lotion (approved for human use), LCZ has demonstrated a broad spectrum of activity against human dermatophytoses.

Objectives: This is the first study to investigate the in vitro susceptibility of clinical isolates from horse dermatophytoses to LCZ.

Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes: Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera.

Taxonomic review of the halacarid subfamily Lohmannellinae is carried out with regard to morphology, biology, habitat, geographical distribution, and bibliography. The subfamily is one of 16 subfamilies in the family Halacaridae and consists of five genera, Lohmannella, Porolohmannella, Scaptognathides, Scaptognathus, and Xenohalacarus, which include 38, 1, 11, 31, and 1 known species, respectively. The genera Scaptognathides, Scaptognathus, and Xenohalacarus are marine, Porolohmannella is a freshwater inhabitant, and Lohmannella lives in marine and freshwater.

Identification of the causative gene of a transparent phenotype of juvenile red sea bream Pagrus major.

Deformities in cultured fish species may be genetic, and identifying causative genes is essential to expand production and maintain farmed animal welfare. We previously reported a genetic deformity in juvenile red sea bream, designated a transparent phenotype. To identify its causative gene, we conducted genome-wide linkage analysis and identified two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) located on LG23 directly linked to the transparent phenotype.

Development of Agonist-Based PROTACs Targeting Liver X Receptor.

Liver X receptors (LXRs) belong to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily and function as ligand-dependent transcription factors that regulate cholesterol homeostasis, lipid homeostasis, and immune responses. LXR antagonists are promising treatments for hypercholesterolemia and diabetes. However, effective LXR antagonists and inhibitors are yet to be developed.

Isolation of antifungal-resistant yeasts from bulk milk in Japan.

We isolated ascomycetous yeasts including Candida species, that originally belonged to the genus Candida, from bulk milk in the Aichi area of Japan, and determined the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antifungal drugs on these isolates by conducting E-tests. We isolated 7 human pathogenic species (14 isolates) from 14 bulk milk samples: 5 Candida species of yeasts, and 2 Candida-related species. Two isolates of C.

Non-viral derivation of a transgene-free induced pluripotent stem cell line from a male beagle dog.

We previously reported the non-viral derivation of transgene-free induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from somatic fibroblasts of a female beagle dog using an optimized induction medium and integration-free episomal vectors. Here, we report novel derivation of a male canine iPSC line OF35Y-iPS, which showed standard characteristics of pluripotency such as a strong gene expression profile of pluripotency markers, differentiation potential into all three germ layers, and normal karyotype (78XY). Furthermore, we demonstrated targeted integration of 2A-EGFP into the canine NANOS3 locus.

COMMD5 Inhibits Malignant Behavior of Renal Cancer Cells.

Background/aim: Copper metabolism MURR1 domain-containing 5 (COMMD5) is mainly expressed in renal tubules (RTs), where it facilitates re-differentiation of injured RTs. We reported that COMMD5 regulates the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor by participating in its endocytic membrane trafficking, thus inhibiting tumor growth. Here we aimed to determine the role of COMMD5 in malignant phenotypes of renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Expression of genes encoding inflammasome sensor subunits in the duodenal and colonic mucosae of dogs with chronic enteropathy.

Inflammasomes play a pivotal role in gastrointestinal homeostasis and inflammation. However, it remains elusive whether the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR) family inflammasomes, such as NLR family pyrin domain-containing (NLRP) 3, NLRP6, and NLRP12, are involved in the pathogenesis of canine chronic enteropathy (CE), which includes antibiotic-responsive enteropathy (ARE), food-responsive enteropathy (FRE), immunosuppressant-responsive enteropathy (IRE), and non-responsive enteropathy (NRE). Thus, we measured mRNA expression of NLRP3, NLRP6, and NLRP12 in the intestinal mucosa of 35 dogs with CE (ARE, four dogs; FRE, 11 dogs; IRE and NRE, 20 dogs) and seven healthy dogs.

Rapid Molecular Detection of Terbinafine-resistant Dermatophytes.

Terbinafine (TRF)-resistant Trichophyton interdigitale and Trichophyton rubrum have been isolated from human patients. These strains have missense mutations (Leu393Ser/Phe or Phe397Leu) in the squalene epoxidase-encoding gene, SQLE. We developed a PCR detection method to identify hotspot mutation sites in SQLE genes of dermatophytes.

Dog leukocyte antigen (DLA) class II genotypes associated with chronic enteropathy in French bulldogs and miniature dachshunds.

Canine chronic enteropathy (CE) is a group of immunogenetic disorders of unclear etiology characterized by chronic or recurrent gastrointestinal signs and inflammation. Diagnosis of CE subtypes by treatment response is a lengthy and challenging process, particularly in refractory cases of the disease. Given known association of dog leukocyte antigen (DLA) class II genotype and various immunogenetic disorders between and across breeds, this study was designed to examine the potential of determining susceptibility to refractory CE through identification of risk and protective genotypes in French bulldogs and miniature dachshunds-two popular dog breeds in Japan.

The Clonal Population of Trichophyton equinum from Dermatophytoses of Japanese Racehorses.

Trichophyton equinum is a zoophilic dermatophyte that is frequently isolated from horse dermatophytosis and rare infections in humans. In the present study, molecular and physiological testing were performed on T. equinum isolates from dermatophytoses of Japanese racehorses to assess genotype and phenotype patterns of these strains.

Bioactivities generated from meat proteins by enzymatic hydrolysis and the Maillard reaction.

Bioactive peptides are released from meat proteins by enzymatic hydrolysis (i.e., gastrointestinal digestion, aging/storage, fermentation, and protease treatment).

Diallyl Trisulfide Prevents Obesity and Decreases miRNA-335 Expression in Adipose Tissue in a Diet-Induced Obesity Rat Model.

Scope: Diallyl trisulfide (DATS), an organosulfur compound generates in crushed garlic, has various beneficial health effects. A growing body of evidence indicates that miRNAs are involved in the pathology of lifestyle diseases including obesity. The anti-obesogenic effect of garlic is previously reported; however, the effects of DATS on obesity, and the relationship between garlic compounds and the involvement of miRNA remains unclear.

Oleic acid and oleoylethanolamide decrease interferon-γ-induced expression of PD-L1 and induce apoptosis in human lung carcinoma cells.

Inhibition of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in cancer cells provides a reasonable avenue to prevent cancer progression. Although oleate is known to exert anti-cancer effects, its PD-L1 inhibitory effects have not been proven. This study investigated the effects of oleic acid and an oleic acid metabolite, oleoylethanolamide (OEA), on PD-L1 expression and biomarkers of tumorigenesis in several cancer cell lines, namely A549, HuH-7, MCF-7, DLD-1, and LoVo cells.