Observation of Agonistic Behavior in Pacific White Shrimp () and Transcriptome Analysis.

Agonistic behavior has been identified as a limiting factor in the development of intensive aquaculture. However, the characteristics and molecular mechanisms underlying agonistic behavior in remain unclear. In this study, we quantified agonistic behavior through a behavioral observation system and generated a comprehensive database of eyestalk and brain ganglion tissues obtained from both aggressive and nonaggressive employing transcriptome analysis.

Catalytic infrared radiation dry-peeling Technology for non-Frozen and Frozen Grapes: Effects on temperature, peeling performance, and quality attributes.

This study introduces catalytic infrared radiation (CIR) heating technology as an eco-friendly alternative to conventional grape lye peeling (LP). The effects of heating time and distance on non-frozen and frozen grapes were assessed for temperature, peeling performance, and quality attributes. The findings indicate that CIR heating achieves complete dry-peeling of grapes.

The Features of Shared Genes among Transcriptomes Probed in Atopic Dermatitis, Psoriasis, and Inflammatory Acne: S100A9 Selection as the Target Gene.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD), psoriasis (PS), and inflammatory acne (IA) are well-known as inflammatory skin diseases. Studies of the transcriptome with altered expression levels have reported a large number of dysregulated genes and gene clusters, particularly those involved in inflammatory skin diseases.

Objective: To identify genes commonly shared in AD, PS, and IA that are potential therapeutic targets, we have identified consistently dysregulated genes and disease modules that overlap with AD, PS, and IA.

In situ synthesis of porous metal-organic frameworks NH-UiO-66 on tea stem biochar and application in odours adsorption.

Multiple odour nuisance in livestock farming is a notorious problem that has a significant impact on the living environment of surrounding communities. Adsorbents based on metal-organic framework (MOF) materials show great promise for controlling odour pollution, as they offer a high specific surface area, a controllable structure and an abundance of active sites. However, the MOF formation process is prone to problems such as pore clogging or collapse and reduced porosity, which limits its further application.

Exogenous CaCl reduces the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids in shredded carrots by targeting CAMTA4-mediated transcriptional repression of carotenoid degradation pathway.

Carotenoid oxidative cleavage is a significant factor contributing to the color changes of shredded carrots and treatment with calcium chloride (CaCl, 1% w/v) has been observed to alleviate the whitening symptom and color loss. However, the specific mechanism by which CaCl treatment suppresses carotenoid degradation remains unclear. In this study, the effect of CaCl and EGTA (calcium ion chelating agent) treatment on carotenoid biosynthesis and degradation in shredded carrots and the mechanism involved was investigated.

Efficient degradation of venlafaxine using intimately coupled high-active crystal facets exposed TiO and biodegradation system: Kinetic studies, biofilm stress behavior and transformation mechanism.

Intimately coupled photocatalysis and biodegradation (ICPB) system is a potential wastewater treatment technology, of which TiO-based ICPB system has been widely studied. There are many ways to improve the degradation efficiency of the ICPB process, but no crystal facet engineering method has been reported yet. In this work, a new ICPB system coated with NaF-TiO exposing high energy facets was designed to degrade biorecalcitrant psychotropic drug - venlafaxine (VNF).

Sulfated Polysaccharides with Anticoagulant Potential: A Review Focusing on Structure-Activity Relationship and Action Mechanism.

Thromboembolism is the culprit of cardiovascular diseases, leading to the highest global mortality rate. Anticoagulation emerges as the primary approach for managing thrombotic conditions. Notably, sulfated polysaccharides exhibit favorable anticoagulant efficacy with reduced side effects.

Melatonin delayed senescence by modulating the contents of plant signalling molecules in postharvest okras.

Okra has been widely cultivated worldwide. Consumers appreciate its nutritional value and delicious taste. However, okra is very perishable after harvest because of rapid senescence and high susceptibility to mechanical injuries, which limits its storage life and reduces consumer acceptance.

The regulation of Cytochrome f by mannose treatment in broccoli and its relationship with programmed cell death in tobacco BY-2 cells.

It is well established that programmed cell death (PCD) occurred in broccoli during postharvest senescence, but no studies have been conducted on the regulation of broccoli cytochrome f by mannose treatment and its relationship with PCD. In this study, we treated broccoli buds with mannose to investigate the changes in color, total chlorophyll content, gene expression related to chlorophyll metabolism, chloroplast structure, and cytochrome f determination during postharvest storage. In addition, to investigate the effect of cytochrome f on PCD, we extracted cytochrome f from broccoli and treated Nicotiana tabacum L.

Exogenous chlorogenic acid inhibits quality deterioration in fresh-cut potato slices.

Fresh-cut potatoes are prone to surface browning and physiological degradation. Chlorogenic acid (CGA), a natural phenolic antioxidant, has demonstrated preservative properties in various postharvest products. However, the underlying mechanisms of its application on maintaining quality remain unclear.

A rumen-derived bifunctional glucanase/mannanase uncanonically releases oligosaccharides with a high degree of polymerization preferentially from branched substrates.

Glycoside hydrolases (GHs) are known to depolymerize polysaccharides into oligo-/mono-saccharides, they are extensively used as additives for both animals feed and our food. Here we reported the characterization of IDSGH5-14(CD), a weakly-acidic mesophilic bifunctional mannanase/glucanase of GH5, originally isolated from sheep rumen microbes. Biochemical characterization studies revealed that IDSGH5-14(CD) exhibited preferential hydrolysis of mannan-like and glucan-like substrates.

Development of sorghum arabinoxylan-soy protein isolate composite nanoparticles for delivery of curcumin: Effect of polysaccharide content on stability and in vitro digestibility.

The purpose of this study was to fabricate composite nanoparticles using soy protein isolate (SPI) and sorghum bran arabinoxylan (AX) for the delivery of curcumin (Cur). The influences of AX concentrations on the physicochemical characteristic, stability and bioaccessibility of curcumin were investigated. The findings showed that the encapsulation efficiency of curcumin obviously increased upon incorporating AX in comparison to SPI-Cur particles.

Glutamate application maintains quality and antioxidant capacity of fresh-cut carrots by modulating GABA shunt, phenylpropanoid and ROS metabolism.

The effects of exogenous glutamate treatment on the quality attributes, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt, phenylpropanoid pathway, and antioxidant capacity of fresh-cut carrots were investigated. Results showed that glutamate treatment suppressed the increases in lightness and whiteness values, inhibited the degradation of total carotenoids and maintained better flavor and taste in fresh-cut carrots. Moreover, glutamate treatment rapidly promoted the activities of glutamate decarboxylase and GABA transaminase, thus improving the GABA content.

Multi-phenotype response and cadmium detection of rice stem under toxic cadmium exposure.

Rice stem is the sole conduit for cadmium translocation from underground to aboveground. The presence of cadmium can trigger responses of rice stem multi-phenotype, affecting metabolism, reducing yield, and altering composition, which is related to crop growth, food safety, and new energy utilization. Exploring the adversity response of plant phenotypes can provide a reliable assessment of growth status.

Insights into sequence characteristics and evolutionary history of DGATs in arthropods.

Triacylglycerol (TAG) is crucial in animal energy storage and membrane biogenesis. The conversion of diacylglycerol (DAG) to triacylglycerol (TAG) is catalyzed by diacylglycerol acyltransferase enzymes (DGATs), which are encoded by genes belonging to two distinct gene families. Although arthropods are known to possess DGATs activities and utilize the glycerol-3-phosphate pathway and MAG pathway for TAG biosynthesis, the sequence characterization and evolutionary history of DGATs in arthropods remains unclear.

Ultrasound synergistic slightly acidic electrolyzed water treatment of grapes: Impacts on microbial loads, wettability, and postharvest storage quality.

Microbial contamination is the principal factor in the deterioration of postharvest storage quality in grapes. To mitigate this issue, we explored a synergistic treatment which combines ultrasound (US) and slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW), and rigorously compared with conventional water cleaning (CW), exclusive US treatment, and standalone SAEW treatment. The US + SAEW treatment proved to be markedly superior in reducing total bacterial, mold & yeast counts on grapes.

Comparative Evaluation of Quality Attributes of the Dried Cherry Blossom Subjected to Different Drying Techniques.

Choosing an appropriate drying method is crucial for producing dried cherry blossoms with desirable quality. This study is designed to assess the effects of seven different drying methods-hot-air drying (HAD), infrared hot-air drying (IHAD), catalytic infrared drying (CID), relative humidity drying (RHD), pulsed vacuum drying (PVD), microwave vacuum drying (MVD), and vacuum freeze drying (VFD)-on drying time and various attributes of cherry blossoms, such as appearance, bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, α-glucosidase activity, and sensory properties. Our findings revealed that MVD recorded the shortest drying time, followed by PVD, CID, IHAD, RHD, HAD, and VFD.

Diphenolic boldine, an aporphine alkaloid: inhibitory effect evaluation on α-glucosidase by molecular dynamics integrating enzyme kinetics.

Screening α-glucosidase inhibitors with novel structures is an important field in the development of anti-diabetic drugs due to their application in postprandial hyperglycemia control. Boldine is one of the potent natural antioxidants with a wide range of pharmacological activities. Virtual screening and biochemical inhibition kinetics combined with molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to verify the inactivation function of boldine on α-glucosidase.

Hemoglobin wonders: a fascinating gas transporter dive into molluscs.

Hemoglobin (Hb) has been identified in at least 14 molluscan taxa so far. Research spanning over 130 years on molluscan Hbs focuses on their genes, protein structures, functions, and evolution. Molluscan Hbs are categorized into single-, two-, and multiple-domain chains, including red blood cell, gill, and extracellular Hbs, based on the number of globin domains and their respective locations.

Abscisic acid biosynthesis, metabolism and signaling in ripening fruit.

Fruits are highly recommended nowadays in human diets because they are rich in vitamins, minerals, fibers and other necessary nutrients. The final stage of fruit production, known as ripening, plays a crucial role in determining the fruit's quality and commercial value. This is a complex physiological process, which involves many phytohormones and regulatory factors.

CmCML11 interacts with CmCAMTA5 to enhance γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulation by regulating GABA shunt in fresh-cut cantaloupe.

The effect of calcium chloride (CaCl) treatment on γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulation in fresh-cut cantaloupe and the involved mechanisms were investigated. The result showed that 1% (w/v) CaCl treatment increased GABA content and activities of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH), while decreased glutamate (Glu) content and GABA transaminase (GABA-T) activities in fresh-cut cantaloupe. CmCML11 and CmCAMTA5 expressions of CaCl-treated fruit increased by 187.

Homogeneous environmental selection mainly determines the denitrifying bacterial community in intensive aquaculture water.

Nitrate reduction by (encodes periplasmic nitrate reductase) bacteria and nitrous oxide reduction by (encodes nitrous oxide reductase) bacteria play important roles in nitrogen cycling and removal in intensive aquaculture systems. This study investigated the diversity, dynamics, drivers, and assembly mechanisms of total bacteria as well as and denitrifiers in intensive shrimp aquaculture ponds over a 100-day period. Alpha diversity of the total bacterial community increased significantly over time.

The transcriptomic and biochemical responses of blood clams (Tegillarca granosa) to prolonged intermittent hypoxia.

The blood clam (Tegillarca granosa), a marine bivalve of ecological and economic significance, often encounters intermittent hypoxia in mudflats and aquatic environments. To study the response of blood clam foot to prolonged intermittent hypoxia, the clams were exposed to intermittent hypoxia conditions (0.5 mg/L dissolved oxygen, with a 12-h interval) for 31 days.