Self-directed violence and unclear intent presentation within a major trauma system. A multisite analysis.

Background: Determining trauma as an act of Self-directed violence (SDV) or from high risk or unclear behaviours is challenging for trauma clinicians and may be affected by patient sex and mechanism of injury. The aim of this study was to examine the differences in characteristics and outcomes between those who have intentionally directed violence towards themselves with those of unclear intent, within a regional trauma system.

Methods: Data was collected between January 2018 and December 2021 in patients who had been identified as a result of either self-directed violence (SDV) defined as any intentional act that can cause injury to one's self, including death or participated in high-risk behaviours, where the intent was unclear (UI).

Migraine among King Khaled University students; prevalence, determinants, and impact on academic life.

Background: Migraine is a common primary headache disorder that significantly affects academic life and is often associated with stress, depression, anxiety, and irregular sleep patterns among university students. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of migraine among King Khalid University (KKU) students, identify its determinants, and evaluate the impact of migraine and other headaches on academic life and performance.

Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 732 students from Colleges of Medicine, Pharmacy, Engineering, and Computer science.

Association of experienced stigma in healthcare settings with health outcomes among Black women living with HIV: Mediating roles of internalized stigma, anticipated stigma, and trust in HIV care.

Background: Black women living with HIV (WLHIV) often have suboptimal ART adherence due to a multitude of social and structural barriers, including HIV-related stigma. Trust in healthcare providers plays a significant role in adhering to ART and is likely lower among Black WLHIV compared to their White counterparts. This study examined the relationship between experienced stigma in healthcare settings and ART adherence and viral suppression through anticipated stigma in healthcare settings, internalized stigma, and medical mistrust.

ACC treatment induced alterations in flavonoid accumulation in Toxicodendron vernicifluum.

Lacquer tree (Toxicodendron vernicifluum) is an important economic crop and is rich in flavonoids. ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid) is the precursor to ethylene. ACC treatment can induce physiological and biochemical responses in plants.

Rapid and in-depth reconstruction of fluorine-doped bimetallic oxide in electrocatalytic oxygen evolution processes.

Most transition metal-based electrocatalysts, when used for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), undergo significant restructuring under alkaline conditions, forming localized oxides/hydroxides (MOOH), which act as the real active centers, activating adjacent metal sites and creating new active sites that enhance electrocatalytic behavior. Nevertheless, inducing rapid and in-depth self-reconstruction of catalyst surfaces remains a huge challenge. Herein, this work achieves rapid and in-depth self-reconstruction by doping fluorine into the lattice of transition metal oxides (MO).

Coptisine improves LPS-induced anxiety-like behaviors by regulating the Warburg effect in microglia via PKM2.

Neuroinflammation mediated by microglia is considered the primary cause and pathological process of anxiety. Abnormal glycolysis of microglia is observed during microglia activation. However, whether regulating the Warburg effect in microglia can effectively intervene anxiety and its potential mechanisms have not been elucidated.

TLR/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways as a main target in frailty, cachexia and sarcopenia.

Mobility disability is a common condition affecting older adults, making walking and the performance of activities of daily living difficult. Frailty, cachexia and sarcopenia are related conditions that occur with advancing age and are characterized by a decline in muscle mass, strength, and functionality that negatively impacts health. Chronic low-grade inflammation is a significant factor in the onset and progression of these conditions.

Comprehensive three-dimensional microCT and signaling analysis reveal the teratogenic effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on craniofacial bone development in mice.

Exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in utero can result in osteogenic defect during palatogenesis, but the effects on other craniofacial bones and underlying mechanisms remain to be characterized. By treating pregnant mice with TCDD (40 μg/kg) at the vital craniofacial patterning stages (embryonic day 8.5, 10.

Inducers of Autophagy and Cell Death: Focus on Copper Metabolism.

Copper is an essential trace element in biological systems, playing a key role in various physiological functions, including redox reactions and energy metabolism. However, an imbalance in copper homeostasis can induce oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, ultimately leading to significant cytotoxicity and cell death. According to recent research, copper can bind to lipoylation sites on proteins involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, causing aggregation of lipoylated proteins, the loss of Fe-S cluster proteins, proteotoxic stress, and ultimately, cell death.

Individual on Death Row Receiving Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) for Catatonia: A Case Report.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is underused, logistically challenging for those who are justice-involved, and laced with ethical problems for those on death row. Herein we describe a case of a man without history of long-standing psychiatric illness who, after more than 15 years on death row, was hospitalized for altered mental status. After medical stabilization, the altered mental status persisted.

Development and Evaluation of a Mindfulness-Based Mobile Intervention for Perinatal Mental Health: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Perinatal mental health problems, such as anxiety, stress, and depression, warrant particularly close monitoring and intervention, but they are often unaddressed in both obstetric and psychiatric clinics, with limited accessibility and treatment resources. Mobile health interventions may provide an effective and more accessible solution for addressing perinatal mental health. Development and evaluation of a mobile mental health intervention specifically for pregnant women are warranted.

Investigating Cell-Induced Mixing Dynamics in Microfluidic Droplets Using the Lattice Boltzmann Method.

This study investigates the impact of cell dynamics on mixing efficiency within a microfluidic droplet, emphasizing the relationship between cell motion, deformability, and resultant asymmetry in velocity and concentration fields. Simulations were conducted for droplets containing encapsulated cells at varying Peclet numbers ( = 100-800) and coupling constants ( = 0.0025, 0.

Intersection between individual, household, environmental and system level factors in defining risk and resilience for children in Kenya's ASAL: A qualitative study.

Introduction: Children growing up in arid and semi-arid regions of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) face heightened risks, often resulting in poor developmental outcomes. In Kenya, the arid and semi-arid lands (ASAL) exhibit the lowest health and developmental indicators among children. Despite these risks, some children grow up successfully and overcome the challenges.

Psilocybin-assisted massed cognitive processing therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: Protocol for an open-label pilot feasibility trial.

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects 3.9% of the general population. While massed cognitive processing therapy (CPT) has demonstrated efficacy in treating chronic PTSD, a substantial proportion of patients still continue to meet PTSD criteria after treatment, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic approaches.

Toll-like receptor 2/6-stimulated HMC-1 mast cells promote keratinocyte migration in wound healing.

Mast cells, immune sentinels that respond to various stimuli in barrier organs, provide defense by expressing pattern recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs). They may affect inflammatory responses and wound healing. Here, we investigated the effect of TLR2/6-stimulated mast cells on wound healing in keratinocytes.

The effects of lowering barometric pressure on pain behavior and the stress hormone in mice with neuropathic pain.

Background: Lowering barometric pressure (LP) can exacerbate neuropathic pain. However, animal studies in this field are limited to a few conditions. Furthermore, although sympathetic involvement has been reported as a possible mechanism, whether the sympathetic nervous system is involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis remains unknown.

Unhealthy behaviours associated with uncontrolled hypertension among adults in India- Insights from a national survey.

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are governed by a cluster of unhealthy behaviours and their determinants, like tobacco and alcohol, unhealthy diet, lack of physical activity, overweight and obesity, pollution (air, water, and soil), and stress. Regulation of these unhealthy behaviours plays a crucial role in blood pressure control among individuals on hypertensive treatment, especially those suffering from uncontrolled hypertension. Hence, the present study aims at identifying the unhealthy behaviours associated with uncontrolled hypertension.

Exploring the impact of grazing on fecal and soil microbiome dynamics in small ruminants in organic crop-livestock integration systems.

In integrated crop-livestock systems, livestock graze on cover crops and deposit raw manure onto fields to improve soil health and fertility. However, enteric pathogens shed by grazing animals may be associated with foodborne pathogen contamination of produce influenced by fecal-soil microbial interactions. We analyzed 300 fecal samples (148 from sheep and 152 from goats) and 415 soil samples (272 from California and 143 from Minnesota) to investigate the effects of grazing and the presence of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) or generic E.

Impact of emergency department overcrowding on the occurrence of in-hospital cardiac arrest.

We aimed to determine whether emergency department (ED) overcrowding affects the occurrence of in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) requiring resuscitation in the ED. This retrospective study was conducted in the ED of a single hospital. We applied the propensity score-matching method to adjust for differences in clinical characteristics in patients who visited the ED during overcrowded conditions.

Nb-FAR-1: A key developmental protein affects lipid droplet accumulation and cuticle formation in Nippostrongylus brasiliensis.

Fatty acid and retinol binding proteins (FARs) are lipid-binding protein that may be associated with modulating nematode pathogenicity to their hosts. However, the functional mechanism of FARs remains elusive. We attempt to study the function of a certain FAR that may be important in the development of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis.

Control of striatal circuit development by the chromatin regulator .

The pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders involves vulnerable neural populations, including striatal circuitry, and convergent molecular nodes, including chromatin regulation and synapse function. Despite this, how epigenetic regulation regulates striatal development is understudied. Recurrent de novo mutations in are associated with intellectual disability and autism.

Mucin Colocalizes with Influenza Virus and Preserves Infectivity in Deposited Model Respiratory Droplets.

The stability of influenza virus in respiratory particles varies with relative humidity (RH) and protein content. This study investigated the decay, or loss of infectivity, of influenza A virus (IAV) in 1-μL respiratory droplets deposited on a surface with varying concentrations of mucin, one of the most abundant proteins in respiratory mucus, and examined the localization of virions within droplets. IAV remained stable at 0.