Social isolation during adolescence differentially affects spatial learning in adult male and female mice.

Social isolation is a risk factor for cognitive impairment. Adolescents may be particularly vulnerable to these effects, because they are in a critical period of development marked by significant physical, hormonal, and social changes. However, it is unclear if the effects of social isolation on learning and memory are similar in both sexes or if they persist into adulthood after a period of recovery.

Topographic Axes of Wiring Space Converge to Genetic Topography in Shaping Human Cortical Layout.

Genetic information is involved in the gradual emergence of cortical areas since the neural tube begins to form, shaping the heterogeneous functions of neural circuits in the human brain. Informed by invasive tract-tracing measurements, the cortex exhibits marked interareal variation in connectivity profiles, revealing the heterogeneity across cortical areas. However, it remains unclear about the organizing principles possibly shared by genetics and cortical wiring to manifest the spatial heterogeneity across cortex.

Patient perspective on predictive models in healthcare: translation into practice, ethical implications and limitations?

In this perspective article, we consider the use of predictive models in healthcare and associated challenges. We will argue that patients can play a valuable role in supporting the safe and practicable embedding of such tools and provide some examples.

Effect of bovine and buffalo ghee fractionation on triacylglycerols profile, lipids nutritional quality indices, thermal behavior, and tocopherols content: A comparative analysis with two categories of infant formula fat.

The increased use of dairy fat in various applications is facilitated by its fractionation into hard and liquid fractions. Herein, the fractionation of bovine ghee and buffalo ghee was investigated, and triacylglycerol (TAG) profiles of milk fat fractions and 2 categories of infant formulas fat were quantified by using ultra-performance convergence chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPC-Q-TOF-MS) using carbon dioxide as the mobile phase. Furthermore, the thermal behavior of the different samples was evaluated, and tocopherols content was also quantified.

Bio-fabrication of chitosan-stabilized magnesium oxide nanomaterials: Investigation of photocatalytic, in vitro cytotoxicity activities and apoptosis in oral squamous carcinoma cells.

A bio-fabrication approach is a novel way to develop chitosan-stabilized magnesium oxide nanomaterials (cMgO-NMs). The process involves utilizing polymeric chitosan as the reducing and stabilizing agent. The characteristics of the developed cMgO-NMs were determined using various spectroscopical techniques.

Understanding the Etiology of Externalizing Problems in Young Children: The Roles of Callous-Unemotional Traits and Irritability.

Objective: Callous-unemotional traits (CU), characterized as a lack of guilt and empathy; and irritability, a tendency to show anger and frustration; are 2 risk factors for externalizing behavioral problems. Externalizing problems, CU and irritability are all heritable. However, there is a dearth of studies examining the genetic and environmental associations between the 3 domains.

A randomized controlled trial to assess whether a telehealth-based contingency management intervention reduces alcohol use for individuals with alcohol use disorder.

Background: Contingency management (CM) is an intervention for alcohol use disorder (AUD) that reinforces abstinence, as confirmed by alcohol biomarkers. CM is usually brief (12-16 weeks) despite evidence that longer interventions have better long-term outcomes. Most CM models are in-person which can also be a barrier for treatment.

Maintaining first-line therapy plus radiotherapy may prolong progression-free survival and delay second-line therapy for oligoprogressive hepatocellular carcinoma.

Purpose: Optimal treatment strategies for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with oligoprogression after first-line systemic therapy (FLST) remain undefined. We aimed to determine if maintaining [i.e.

Spatial Distribution Patterns, Hotspots of Contaminants of Emerging Concern and Driving Factors in a River Network of Xizang Plateau.

This study encompasses the explication of systematic spatial distribution patterns and identification of hotspots of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) across the network of rivers, including Yarlung Tsangpo River and its tributaries in Xizang Plateau. A total of 16 CECs were detected in wide range of frequencies and concentrations ranging from below limit of detection (BLD) - 163.13 ng/L across the river network, indicating widespread spatial heterogeneity.

Preventive vs. Therapeutic Effects of Shoutai Wan: Maintaining an Acidic Microenvironment at the Maternal-Fetal Interface to Promote Angiogenesis and Minimize Pregnancy Loss in RSA Mice.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The classic TCM prescription, Shoutai Wan (STW), is extensively used in clinical settings to manage threatened miscarriage and Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). The complexity of pregnancy physiology, coupled with diverse etiologies, and the specificity of energy metabolism for normal embryo attachment and development,pose challenges to clinical diagnosis and treatment. The specific molecular mechanisms of how STW regulates these biological processes and contributes to the treatment of RSA remain to be elucidated.

Vanillin and IGF1-loaded dual-layer multifunctional wound dressing with micro-nanofibrous structure for full-thickness wound healing acceleration.

Multifunctional dual-layer wound dressings hold significant promise for comprehensive full-thickness wound management by closely mimicking the native skin structure and features. Herein, we employed an innovative approach utilizing electrospinning techniques to develop a dual-layer dressing comprising a microfibrous Ecoflex®-Vanillin (Ex-Vnil) top layer (TL) and a nanofibrous Soluplus®-Insulin-like growth factor-1 (Sol-IGF1) bottom layer (BL). The tensile properties of dual-layer wound dressings were within the standard range for use in skin tissue regeneration.

Working-memory load decoding model inspired by brain cognition based on cross-frequency coupling.

Working memory, a fundamental cognitive function of the brain, necessitates the evaluation of cognitive load intensity due to limited cognitive resources. Optimizing cognitive load can enhance task performance efficiency by preventing resource waste and overload. Therefore, identifying working memory load is an essential area of research.

Microtopography-induced hydrological heterogeneity promotes the co-assembly of vascular plant and biocrust communities, providing synergistic protective functions for the Great Wall.

The Great Wall in China, constructed from rammed earth, faces threats from natural erosion. Vascular plants and biocrusts have enhanced the stability of the Great Wall through various mechanisms; however, understanding of the colonization processes of vascular plants and biocrusts on the wall, as well as their protective mechanisms, remains limited. This study investigated the vascular plant communities, biocrusts, soil moisture content, soil properties, aggregate mechanical stability, aggregate water stability, and soil erodibility factors across seven fine-scale microtopographies of the Great Wall (lower, middle, and upper zones on the east and west faces, as well as the wall crest).

Interaction of micro and nanoplastics (MNPs) with agricultural stored products and their pests.

Micro and nanoplastics (MNPs) pose significant environmental concerns due to their potential implications for ecosystems and human health. While previous research has primarily focused on the environmental impacts (aquatic ecosystem, soil health) of MNPs, this review investigates their interactions with agricultural stored products, specifically their effects on stored product pests and grain quality. MNPs can infiltrate grains through various pathways, including atmospheric deposition, plastic residues from cultivation, and pest activity.

Global dissemination of the beta-lactam resistance gene blaTEM-1 among pathogenic bacteria.

Antibiotic resistance presents a burgeoning global health crisis, with over 70 % of pathogenic bacteria now exhibiting resistance to at least one antibiotic. This study leverages a vast dataset of 618,853 pathogenic bacterial genomes from the NCBI pathogen detection database, offering comprehensive insights into antibiotic resistance patterns, species-specific profiles, and transmission dynamics of resistant pathogens. We centered our investigation on the beta-lactam resistance gene blaTEM-1, found in 43,339 genomes, revealing its extensive distribution across diverse species and isolation sources.

Occurrence and migration of synthetic phenolic antioxidants in food packaging materials: Effects of plastic types and storage temperature.

Synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs) are widely used in food packaging materials to extend product shelf life. Not much attention has been paid to high molecular weight SPAs (HMW SPAs) so far, despite their potential health risks. In this study, we first analyzed the concentrations of ten HMW SPAs in food plastic packaging materials (including 6 plastic categories, n = 116).

Dispersion stabilization of proteins by carrageenan in baked milk: A quantitative separation study.

Baked milk is subjected to prolonged high-temperature processing, which often undermines its dispersion stability. While carrageenan is known to inhibit milk demixing, its role in stabilizing heat-induced protein aggregates remains inadequately understood. In this study, we isolated casein micelles (CM), whey protein-casein aggregates (WPCA), and whey protein aggregates (WPA) from baked milk through centrifugation.

An Examination of predictors of prospective changes in self-reported drinker identity and changes in drinker identity as a predictor of changes in alcohol use and associated consequences.

Purpose: Self-reported drinker identity, the extent to which one views oneself as a drinker, is associated with alcohol consumption and related harms in young adults. The current study examined changes in self-reported drinker identity, theoretically relevant factors associated with drinker identity development, and drinker identity's association with changes in drinking and alcohol-related consequences. We hypothesized that drinker identity would increase over time; theoretically relevant factors would be significantly and positively associated with that increase, and increases in drinking identity would be associated with elevated drinking and related consequences.

Novel c.221+1dup pathogenic variant in AGK gene linked to Sengers syndrome.

Sengers Syndrome (SS) is a rare autosomal recessive mitochondrial disorder caused by mutations in the acylglycerol kinase (AGK) gene on chromosome 7, also known as cardiomyopathic mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome (MTDPS10). This disorder disrupts mitochondrial DNA function and energy metabolism, presenting with symptoms such as congenital cataracts, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy, exercise intolerance, and lactic acidosis. Previous research has shown SS affects oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial respiration, implicating the TIM22 complex and carrier import.

Investigation into the vibrational characteristics of monolayered ruddlesden-popper compounds (Sr, Ba)HfO.

The analysis of Raman and Infrared (IR) phonons in monolayered tetragonal (Sr, Ba)HfO compounds, which exhibit D symmetry and belong to the I4/mmm phase of space group 139 with Z = 2, has been conducted using normal coordinates. The SrHfO and BaHfO compounds are the first members of the Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) series denoted as (Sr, Ba)HfO with n = 1. Nine Short-Range Force Constants (SRFC) have been included in theoretical calculations to analyze the optical phonons of SrHfO and BaHfO compounds within the I4/mmm phase.

"Community members question me and flaunt their children before me": A call for psychosocial support for women with infertility in Northern Ghana.

Infertility is a major health issue that poses threats to women's lives, marriages, and health. Yet little is known about psychosocial support for women with infertility in Northern Ghana. This study aims to understand the psychosocial challenges faced by women with infertility and evaluate the availability and effectiveness of social support systems in East Mamprusi Municipality, Northern Ghana using a qualitative interpretive descriptive design.

Engineering Defect-Mediated S-scheme heterojunctions in MOF-Derived N-doped NiO porous microrods and ZnInS nanosheets for superior photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.

The development of efficient photocatalysts inspired by natural photosynthesis has drawn considerable interest for sustainable hydrogen (H) production. Among the various strategies for enhancing H evolution, constructing step-scheme (S-scheme) heterojunctions has attracted extensive interest, thanks to their limited charge recombination and enhanced charge transport in comparison to the traditional photocatalytic systems. Herein, we report the engineering of a novel S-scheme heterojunction by integrating ultrathin ZnInS (ZIS) nanosheets with MOF-derived N-doped NiO porous microrods (ZIS/N-NiO) toward superior photocatalytic behaviors.

Ticks jump in a warmer world: Global distribution shifts of main pathogenic ticks are associated with future climate change.

In recent decades, the threats of ticks and tick-borne diseases (TBDs) increased extensively with environmental change, urbanization, and rapidly changing interactions between human and animals. However, large-scale distribution of tick and TBD risks as well as their relationship with environmental change remain inadequately unclear. Here, we first proposed a "tick-pathogen-habitat-human" model to project the global potential distribution of main pathogenic ticks using a total of 70,714 occurrence records.