Metal Borides as Excellent Co-Catalysts for Boosted and Long-Lasting Fenton-like Reaction: Dual Co-Catalytic Centers of Metal and Boron.

The continuous electron supply for oxidant decomposition-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation is the main contributor for the long-standing micropollutant oxidation in the iron-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Herein, as a new class of co-catalysts, metal borides with dual active sites and preeminent conductive performance can effectively overcome the inherent drawback of Fenton-like reactions by steadily donating electrons to inactive Fe(III). Among the metal borides, tungsten boride (WB) exhibits a significant co-catalytic performance run ahead of common heterogeneous co-catalysts and exceptionally high stability.

Anesthesia Workspaces for Safe Medication Practices: Design Guidelines.

Background: Studies show that workspace for the anesthesia providers is prone to interruptions and distractions. Anesthesia providers experience difficulties while performing critical medication tasks such as medication preparation and administration due to poor ergonomics and configurations of workspace, equipment clutter, and limited space which ultimately may impact patient safety, length of surgery, and cost of care delivery. Therefore, improving design of anesthesia workspace for supporting safe and efficient medication practices is paramount.

Tracing microplastics in rural drinking water in Chongqing, China: Their presence and pathways from source to tap.

Despite the significant attention given to microplastics in urban areas, our understanding of microplastics in rural drinking water systems is still limited. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated the presence and pathways of microplastics in rural drinking water system, including reservoir, water treatment plant (WTP), and tap water of end-users. The results showed that the treatment processes in the WTP, including coagulation-sedimentation, sand-granular active carbon filtration, and ultrafiltration, completely removed microplastics from the influent.

Interfacial chemistries in metal-organic framework (MOF)/covalent-organic framework (COF) hybrids.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been attracting tremendous attention in various applications due to their unique structural properties. Recent interest has been focused on their combination as hybrids to enable the engineering of new classes of frameworks with complementary properties. This review gives a comprehensive summary on the interfacial chemistries in MOF/COF hybrids, which play critical roles in their hybridization.

Impact of salinity on anaerobic ceramic membrane bioreactor for textile wastewater treatment: Process performance, membrane fouling and machine learning models.

Anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) shows great potential for textile wastewater treatment, but high salinity in the influent may undermine its performance. This study evaluated the impact of salinity on the treatment performance of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) configured AnMBR using a flat sheet ceramic membrane. The salinity was stepwise increased (0, 5, 10 and 20 g/L) in four phases of the AnMBR operation.

The heterogeneous driving forces behind carbon emissions change in 30 selective emerging economies.

Emerging economies are predicted to be future emission hotspots due to expected levels of urbanization and industrialization, and their CO emissions are receiving more scrutiny. However, the driving forces underlying dynamic change in emissions are poorly understood, despite their crucial role in developing targeted mitigating pathways. We firstly compile energy-related emissions of 30 selective emerging economies from 2010 to 2018.

A multi-scale approach mapping spatial equality of urban public facilities for urban design.

Spatial equality analysis is useful for urban designers and policy makers to produce and/or adapt urban services provision, while supporting the pursuit of the public interest in the urban design process. This research focuses on urban public facilities (UPFs), the most relevant physical elements serving the public interest, and proposes a multi-scale methodology from a practical perspective to understand and foster the spatial equality of UPFs. Using Shenzhen to test the approach, this research first investigates the density and aggregation of UPFs at the district level to recognize how developing differentiations and social context act on the spatial patterns in UPFs.

Insights into the electron transfer regime of permanganate activation on carbon nanomaterial reduced from carbon dioxide.

Simultaneously eliminating novel contaminants in the water environment while also achieving high-value utilization of CO poses a significant challenge in water purification. Herein, a CO-reduced carbon catalyst (CRC) was synthesized via the chemical vapor deposition method for permanganate (PM) activation, fulfilling the ultra-efficient removal of bisphenol A (BPA). The primary mechanism responsible for the BPA degradation in the CRC/PM process is electron transfer.

BDS Dual-Frequency Carrier Phase Multipath Hemispherical Map Model and Its Application in Real-Time Deformation Monitoring.

The BDS multipath delay error is highly related to the surrounding monitoring environment, which cannot be eliminated or mitigated by applying the double difference observation model. In the actual monitoring environment, due to the complexity of the BDS constellation, it is difficult for existing algorithms to consider GEO, IGSO, MEO and other different orbital types of satellites for real-time and efficient multipath error reduction. Therefore, we propose a novel BDS dual-frequency multipath error reduction method for real deformation monitoring for BDS considering various satellite orbit types.

Microstructure-Based Multiscale Modeling of Deformation in MarBN Steel under Uniaxial Tension: Experiments and Finite Element Simulations.

In the current work, a multiscale model was developed coupling a macro-model with the macromechanical physically based yield strength and a crystal plasticity model with micromechanical properties and realistic grain orientation based on the representative volume element. The simulation results show that the effect of microstructure on the macromechanical properties can be considered in the macro constitutive model due to a good consistency between experimental and computed results; whereas solid strengthening, grain boundaries, and dislocation density played a more crucial role than others. Besides coupling simulation and microstructure by EBSD, the microstructure evolution can be well explained by the micromechanical model.

Analysis, Occurrence and Exposure Evaluation of Antibiotic and Anthelmintic Residues in Whole Cow Milk from China.

An optimized QuEChERS method for the simultaneous extraction of 26 antibiotics and 19 anthelmintics in whole cow milk was established, followed by UHPLC-MS/MS analysis. Briefly, 20 mL acetonitrile with 1 g disodium hydrogen citrate, 2 g sodium citrate, 4 g anhydrous MgSO, and 1 g sodium chloride were added to 10 g milk for target chemical extraction, followed by 50 mg anhydrous MgSO for purification. Satisfactory recoveries were obtained using the modified QuEChERS method, with recoveries of the antibiotics ranging from 79.

Synergy between UV light and trichloroisocyanuric acid on methylisothiazolinone degradation: Performance, kinetics and degradation pathway.

Methylisothiazolinone (MIT) is widely used in daily chemicals, fungicides, and other fields and its toxicity has posed a threat to water system and human health. In this study, ultraviolet (UV)/trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA), which belongs to advanced oxidation processes (AOP), was adopted to degrade MIT. Total chlorine attenuation detection proved that TCCA has medium UV absorption and a strong quantum yield (0.

Gravity-driven membrane system treating heavy metals-containing secondary effluent: Improved removal of heavy metals and mechanism.

This study aimed at investigating the removal performance of the gravity-driven membrane (GDM) system in treating the heavy metals-containing secondary effluent, as well as evaluating the respective roles of Fe and Mn addition on the removal of heavy metals. GDM process with the formation of biocake layer exerted effective removals of Cr, Pb and Cd, with an average removal efficiency of 98%, 95% and 40%, respectively, however, after removing the biocake layer, the removal efficiencies of Cr, Pb and Cd reduced to 59%, 85% and 19%, respectively, indicating that the biocake layer played a fundamental role in removing heavy metals. With the assistance of Fe, the removal efficiency of heavy metals increased, and exhibited a positive response to the Fe dosage, due to the adsorption by the freshly generated iron oxides.

Flexible ultrathin Nitrogen-Doped carbon mediates the surface charge redistribution of a hierarchical tin disulfide nanoflake electrode for efficient capacitive deionization.

Constructing pseudocapacitive electrodes with high specific capacities is indispensable for increasing the large-scale application of capacitive deionization (CDI). However, the insufficient CDI rate and cycling performance of pseudocapacitive-based electrodes have led to a decline in their use due to the corresponding volumetric expansion and contraction that occurs during long-term CDI processes. Herein, hierarchical porous SnS nanoflakes are encapsulated inside an N-doped carbon (NC) matrix to achieve efficient CDI.

Intrinsic-Strain Engineering by Dislocation Imprint in Bulk Ferroelectrics.

We report an intrinsic strain engineering, akin to thin filmlike approaches, via irreversible high-temperature plastic deformation of a tetragonal ferroelectric single-crystal BaTiO_{3}. Dislocations well-aligned along the [001] axis and associated strain fields in plane defined by the [110]/[1[over ¯]10] plane are introduced into the volume, thus nucleating only in-plane domain variants. By combining direct experimental observations and theoretical analyses, we reveal that domain instability and extrinsic degradation processes can both be mitigated during the aging and fatigue processes, and demonstrate that this requires careful strain tuning of the ratio of in-plane and out-of-plane domain variants.

A quantitative method for the determination of rock fragmentation based on crack density and crack saturation.

Rock mechanics tests are essential for advancing theoretical and practical knowledge in the field. The rock failure mechanism can be studied by analyzing the failure characteristics of rock samples through mechanical tests. However, despite their usefulness, quantitative rock classification systems still possess certain limitations that need to be addressed.

Opportunities and challenges in green stormwater infrastructure (GSI): A comprehensive and bibliometric review of ecosystem services from 2000 to 2021.

The great challenges induced by global climate change coupled with rapid urbanization underline the growing urgency for a change in stormwater management with a novel integrated approach. This study conducted a comprehensive review on state-of-the-art knowledge in the research field of green storm infrastructure (GSI) using bibliometric analysis. A corpus of 3988 GSI-related publications (2000-2021) extracted from the Web of Science database was used to evaluate the scientific output in GSI research through the "Bibliometrix" R package and "CiteSpace".

Optimization of water quality index models using machine learning approaches.

To optimize the water quality index (WQI) assessment model, this study upgraded the parameter weight values and aggregation functions. We determined the combined weights based on machine learning and game theory to improve the accuracy of the models, and proposed new aggregation functions to reduce the uncertainty of the model. A new water quality assessment system was established, and took the Chaobai River Basin as a case study.

Acceleration of nitrogen removal performance in a biofilm reactor augmented with Pseudomonas sp. using polycaprolactone as carbon source for treating low carbon to nitrogen wastewater.

Heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification (HN-AD) process was achieved in a moving bed biofilm reactor after 180-days acclimation using PCL as carbon source for low C/N wastewater treatment. A novel HN-AD strain, JQ-H3, with ability of PCL degradation was augmented to improve nitrogen removal. TN removal efficiencies of 82.

Influences of High School Physical Learning Environments on Students' Anxiety in China.

Background: High school students are at an increased risk of developing generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) due to significant pressure to achieve academic success.

Aim: Although it is known that a school's physical learning environment can influence students' GAD, there is limited research examining this relationship. To fill this knowledge gap, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 230 students from two high schools in China.

Pain and health-related quality of life in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: A multiple mediator analysis.

Objectives: The objective was to investigate the serial mediating effects of daily activities, patient health communication, and disease-specific worry in the relationship between pain intensity and overall generic health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in pediatric patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy from the patient perspective.

Methods: Pain Intensity Item, Daily Activities Scale, Communication Scale and Worry Scale from Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Module and PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales were completed by 110 pediatric patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy ages 8-17.

Reevaluation for UV photolysis of Fe(III) inducing tetracycline abatement: Overlooked significance of complexation-assistance in environmental fates of antibiotics.

Interaction of antibiotics with metal ions in aquatic environments, commonly occurring to form complexes, may affect the migration, transformation and reactivity of residual antibiotics. This study demonstrates the photolysis of Fe(III) by UV irradiation at pH 3.5, as an advanced oxidation process, to produce •OH for the abatement of a common broad-spectrum antibiotic compound, tetracycline (TET).

Waste leather derived porous carbon boosted Fenton oxidation towards removal of diethyl phthalate: Mechanism and long-lasting performance.

The acceleration of Fe(III)/Fe(II) conversion in Fenton systems is the critical route to achieve the long-lasting generation of reactive oxygen species towards the oxidation of refractory contaminants. Here, we found that waste leather derived porous carbon materials (LPC), as a simple and readily available metal-free biochar material, can promote the Fe(III)/HO system to generate hydroxyl radicals (OH) for oxidizing a broad spectrum of contaminants. Results of characterizations, theoretical calculations, and electrochemical tests show that the surface carbonyl groups of LPC can provide electron for direct Fe(III) reduction.