Evaluation of Serum Lipids, Biochemical Parameters, Selected Antioxidant Elements and Oxidative Stress Profiles in Late Pregnant Jennies with Hyperlipemia.

Donkeys are particularly at risk of hyperlipemia. Hyperlipemia is a metabolic disease caused by the mobilization of fatty acids from adipose tissue, which often impacts pregnant and lactating jennies (female donkeys) during periods of negative energy balance. This study aimed to evaluate the levels of lipids, biochemical parameters, selected antioxidant elements and oxidative stress parameters in late pregnant jennies affected by hyperlipemia.

The Prevalence and Genetic Characteristics of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 in Shandong Province, China, 2018-2020.

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is an important swine pathogen that has caused considerable economic losses in the global swine industry. During our surveillance of pigs in Shandong, China, from 2018 to 2020, we found that the PCV2 infection rate was 7.89% (86/1090).

Luteolin inhibits BHV-1 replication and alleviates virus-induced inflammatory responses by regulating PI3K/AKT pathway.

Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) seriously affects the production safety of the cattle industry and leads to epidemics worldwide. Luteolin (Lut), a flavonoid substance, can be found in vegetables, fruits, and herbs and possesses various biological properties. Here, we found that Lut can dose-dependently and significantly inhibit the cytopathic effects of BHV-1, decrease the viral titer, and suppress the BHV-1 gB gene and VP8 protein levels on bovine nasal turbinate osteoblasts (BT) and bovine kidney epithelial cells (MDBK).

Vaccination with a DNA vaccine cocktail encoding TgROP2, TgROP5, TgROP9, TgROP16, TgROP17, and TgROP18 confers limited protection against Toxoplasma gondii in BALB/c mice.

Toxoplasmosis is a foodborne zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, which seriously threatens to human health and causes economic losses. At present, there is no effective vaccine strategy for the prevention and control of toxoplasmosis. T.

[Research progress in mastoparans].

Mastoparans (MP), a class of α-helix cationic insect-derived antimicrobial peptides, have a broad spectrum of biological activities including inhibiting bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. Amino acid substitution, peptide modification, peptide chain cyclization, and dosage form modification can enhance the biological activities and target and reduce the toxicity of mastoparans. In this review, we summarize the structure, biological function and modification methods of mastoparans, and prospect the development of antibacterial drugs based on mastoparans, so as to provide reference for the research of mastoparans as a new antibacterial drug.

Transcriptional signatures of secondary hair follicles during annual cashmere growth.

Cashmere grows from the secondary hair follicles (SHFs) that synchronously regenerate and degenerate in a circannual rhythm. Most studies examining factors related to cashmere growth have been performed on goat skin. However, the molecular properties and regulators preferentially expressed in SHFs are less clear.

Integrative transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic analyses yields insights into muscle fiber type in cattle.

Muscle fiber is an important factor in beef quality. Here, we compared fast-type longissimus dorsi muscle and slow-type psoas major muscle from cattle using transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic analyses. A total of 1717 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 297 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) and 193 differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs) were identified between LD and PM tissue, respectively.

Ly6G Neutrophils and Interleukin-17 Are Essential in Protection against Rodent Malaria Caused by ANKA.

Neutrophils are essential in combating invading pathogens such as parasites, but the participation of their subpopulations and mechanisms in resistance to parasite infection are not fully understood. Our study identified a marked increase in Ly6G neutrophils in response to ANKA infection. Depletion of these cells rendered mice more susceptible to infection.

A Genome-Wide CRISPR/Cas9 Screen Identifies Regulatory Genes for Stem Cell Aging.

Aging is a ubiquitous biological phenomenon, characterized by a gradual decline in physiological functions and an increased risk of various diseases. Although it is known that aging involves extensive changes in gene expression and disruptions in cellular metabolism, the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes remain incompletely understood. The CRISPR/Cas9 technology provides an efficient method for gene editing.

Microbiome-proteome analysis of gastrointestinal microbiota and longissimus thoracis muscle proteins in cattle with high and low grades of marbling.

Marbling is a key indicator of the meat quality of ruminants. Gastrointestinal microbiota may regulate the formation of marbling by influencing the nutritional metabolism of animals. This study analyzed the composition and functional differences of microbiota in the rumen and cecum, the differences in volatile fatty acids (VFAs) content in the longissimus thoracis muscle, and the differences in protein abundance in the longissimus thoracis muscle of ruminants with different marbling grades through microbiome-proteome analysis.

Key Regulators of Parasite Biology Viewed Through a Post-Translational Modification Repertoire.

Parasites are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in both humans and animals, imposing substantial socioeconomic burdens worldwide. Controlling parasitic diseases has become one of the key issues in achieving "One Health". Most parasites have sophisticated life cycles exhibiting progressive developmental stages, morphologies, and host-switching, which are controlled by various regulatory machineries including protein post-translational modifications (PTMs).

Chronic chlorpyrifos exposure induces oxidative stress, neurological damage, and hepatopancreas enrichment in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis).

The toxic effects of long-term exposure to low doses of chlorpyrifos (CPF) on Eriocheir sinensis were evaluated using acute toxicity tests, transcriptome analyses, and metabolome profiling. Four groups (three replicates per group, 60 crabs)-control (no CPF exposure), high exposure (0.12 mg/L CPF), medium exposure (0.

Transcriptome analysis reveals the potential mechanism of plateau environment on muscle growth and development in yak.

Yak meat plays a significant economic role for yaks. The unique environment of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau profoundly impacts the meat production performance of yaks. Yet, the regulatory mechanisms influencing muscle growth and development in yaks within this plateau environment remain poorly understood.

Research Progress on the Mechanism and Application of the Type I CRISPR-Cas System.

The CRISPR-Cas system functions as an adaptive immune mechanism in archaea and bacteria, providing defense against the invasion of foreign nucleic acids. Most CRISPR-Cas systems are classified into class 1 or class 2, with further subdivision into several subtypes. The primary distinction between class 1 and class 2 systems lies in the assembly of their effector modules.

Effect of Fatty Acids on Backfat Quality in Beijing Black Pigs.

The quality of pig backfat affects both pork quality and consumer preferences. Fatty acids (FAs) are crucial in determining the backfat quality. This study assessed the effect of FAs on the backfat quality and identified candidate genes associated with these FAs.

Negative regulation of SREBP-1/FAS signaling molecules activates the RIG-1/TBK1-mediated IFN-I pathway to inhibit BVDV replication.

For many viruses, controlling the process of infection is largely dependent on the enzymes of the fatty acid synthesis (FAS) pathway. An appealing therapeutic target in antiviral research is fatty acid synthetase (FASN), a crucial enzyme in the FAS pathway. Bovine viral diarrhea, caused by the Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), is a significant viral infectious disease posing a substantial threat to global animal husbandry.

Identification of biomarkers in Parkinson's disease by comparative transcriptome analysis and WGCNA highlights the role of oligodendrocyte precursor cells.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by the death of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra. A large number of studies have focused on dopamine neurons themselves, but so far, the pathogenesis of PD has not been fully elucidated.

Results: Here, we explored the significance of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs)/oligodendrocytes in the pathogenesis of PD using a bioinformatic approach.

Corrigendum: Microbiome and response surface methodology analyses reveal as the core bacteria responsible for aerobic spoilage of corn silage () in hot and humid areas.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.

Molecular insights of T-2 toxin exposure-induced neurotoxicity and the neuroprotective effect of dimethyl fumarate.

T-2 toxin, a potent environmental pollutant, has been proved to stimulate neuroinflammation, while the connection between T-2 toxin and pyroptosis remain elusive. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), recently identified as a neuroprotectant and pyroptosis inhibitor, has potential therapeutic applications that are underexplored. Based on present study in vitro and vivo, we demonstrated that T-2 toxin induced the activation of NLRP3-Caspase-1 inflammasome in hippocampal neurons.

Taurine potentiates artemisinin efficacy against malaria by modulating the immune response in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice.

Background: Artemisinin (ART) is a frontline drug for the treatment of malaria; however, the emergence of ART-resistant Plasmodium strains necessitates increasing ART sensitivity. Given that taurine (TAU) has been shown to have immunomodulatory activity, we investigated the effects of TAU as an adjunct therapy to ART in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei.

Methods: Mice infected with P.

Milk metabolite profiling of dairy cows as influenced by mastitis.

Mastitis is a disease with frequent incidence in dairy cows, causing huge financial losses to the dairy industry globally. The identification of certain biomarkers is crucial for the early diagnosis and management of mastitis. Metabolomics technology is a useful tool to accurately and efficiently analyze the changes of metabolites in biofluids in response to internal and external stimulations.