Intramuscular and intermuscular coherence analysis while obstacle crossing during treadmill gait.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the contribution of the common synaptic drives to motor units during obstacle avoidance, using coherence analysis between a-pair electromyography (EMG) signals (EMG-EMG coherence).

Materials And Methods: Fourteen healthy volunteers walked on a treadmill with and without obstacle avoidance. During obstacle gait, subjects were instructed to step over an obstacle with their right leg while walking that would randomly and unpredictably appear.

Clinical markers of HIV predict redox-regulated neural and behavioral function in the sensorimotor system.

Even in the modern era of combination antiretroviral therapy, aberrations in motor control remain a predominant symptom contributing to age-related functional dependencies (e.g., neurocognitive impairment) in people with HIV (PWH).

Short-term fear of movement improves less after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with concomitant meniscus repair.

Background: Psychological response is important in return-to-sport decisions for athletes recovering from anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The purpose of this study was to compare psychological response after ACLR with a concomitant meniscus repair compared to isolated ACLR.

Methods: Thirty-five individuals completed the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK) and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Return-to-Sport after Injury (ACL-RSI) scale before ACLR and 2, 4, and 6 months after ACLR.

The Critical Role of Physical Activity and Weight Management in Knee and Hip Osteoarthritis: A Narrative Review.

Physical activity (PA) and weight management are critical components of an effective knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA) management plan, yet most people with OA remain insufficiently active and/or overweight. Clinicians and their care teams play an important role in educating patients with OA about PA and weight management, eliciting patient motivation to engage in these strategies, and referring patients to appropriate self-management interventions. The purpose of this review is to educate clinicians about the current public health and clinical OA guidelines for PA and weight management and highlight a variety of evidence-based self-management interventions available in community and clinical settings and online.

CD4+ T-Cell Legumain Deficiency Attenuates Hypertensive Damage via Preservation of TRAF6.

Background: T cells are central to the immune responses contributing to hypertension. LGMN (legumain) is highly expressed in T cells; however, its role in the pathogenesis of hypertension remains unclear.

Methods: Peripheral blood samples were collected from patients with hypertension, and cluster of differentiation (CD)4+ T cells were sorted for gene expression and Western blotting analysis.

Workforce Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion: A Crucial Component of Professionalism in Psychiatry.

Documented disparities have profoundly impacted the training and careers of physicians from socially and historically marginalized groups, including women, people with disabilities, people who identify with racial and ethnic minority groups, and the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer or questioning+ community. Professionalism is a core component of medical training and practice, yet a focus on workforce diversity, equity, and inclusion is often absent. This report aims to encourage the adoption of workforce diversity, equity, and inclusion as a crucial component of professionalism, with an emphasis on the field of psychiatry.

Food Insecurity is Associated With COPD Morbidity and Perceived Stress.

Background: Low socioeconomic status (SES) has been associated with worse clinical outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Food insecurity is more common among individuals with low SES and has been associated with poor outcomes in other chronic illnesses, but its impact on COPD has not been studied.

Methods: Former smokers with spirometry-confirmed COPD were recruited from low-income areas of Baltimore, Maryland, and followed for 9 months as part of a cohort study of diet and indoor air pollution.

Performance-based outcome measures of upper extremity in virtual reality and telerehabilitation: a systematic review.

Objectives: This systematic review aimed to identify and synthesize evidence regarding measurement properties of upper extremity performance-based outcome measures performed in virtual reality or in telerehabilitation to inform clinical applications and research endeavors.

Methods: Five bibliographic databases, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, APA PsycINFO, and Scopus, were searched on July 12, 2023. Studies assessing the measurement properties (reliability, validity, responsiveness) of upper extremity performance-based outcome measures in virtual reality and telerehabilitation were eligible for inclusion.

Evaluation of Vitamin E Isoforms in Placental Tissue and Their Relationship with Maternal Dietary Intake and Plasma Concentrations in Mother-Infant Dyads.

α-tocopherol is a vitamin E isoform with potent antioxidant activity, while the γ-tocopherol isoform of vitamin E exerts more pro-inflammatory effects. In maternal-fetal environments, increased plasma α-tocopherol concentrations are associated with positive birth outcomes, while higher γ-tocopherol concentrations are linked with negative pregnancy outcomes. However, little is known about tocopherol concentrations in placental tissue and their role in modulating placental oxidative stress, a process that is implicated in many complications of pregnancy.

Characterizing the research mentorship experience of genetic counseling students.

The Accreditation Council for Genetic Counseling's Practice-Based Competencies include research-related skills, which are taught in master's level genetic counseling programs through didactic coursework and completion of mentored research experiences. It is known that research mentors can impact student work environments, create positive perceptions of the research process, and increase students' likelihood of future involvement in research. However, few studies have characterized the experiences of GC students in receiving research mentorship.

Feedback Versus Compliments Versus Both in Suturing and Knot Tying Simulation: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Introduction: Suturing is an expected skill for students graduating from health professions programs. Previous studies investigated student experience with teaching sessions utilizing constructive feedback versus compliments but did not investigate the combination of both.

Methods: In this parallel, randomized controlled trial, participants were divided into three groups: feedback (F), compliments (C), or feedback and compliments (FC).

Transforming Occupational Therapy for the 21st Century PAIRE: Recognize Privilege, Acknowledge Injustice, and Reframe Perspective to Reach Equity.

Theories, models, and frameworks provide the foundation for occupational therapy education, research, and clinical practice. While most have a systems approach focus, other factors, such as societal influences and structural inequities, also contribute to health. Using a cross-sectional design, this study identified the gaps in occupational therapy models of practice and presents a novel approach, the PAIRE (Recognize rivilege, cknowledge njustice, and eframe Perspective to Reach quity) Model.

Medications for Opioid Use Disorder and Mortality and Hospitalization Among People With Opioid Use-related Infections.

Background: Severe skin and soft tissue infections related to injection drug use have increased in concordance with a shift to heroin and illicitly manufactured fentanyl. Opioid agonist therapy medications (methadone and buprenorphine) may improve long-term outcomes by reducing injection drug use. We aimed to examine the association of medication use with mortality among people with opioid use-related skin or soft tissue infections.

Mapping the Gap: Understanding the Need for Occupational Therapy Among Older Adults With Visual Impairment.

Importance: Visual impairment (VI) affects more than 9 million Americans age 65 yr and older, and it limits meaningful participation in daily living. Occupational therapy can have a considerable impact on the functional performance of those with VI; however, information is limited on the existing occupational therapy services available for older adults with VI across the United States.

Objective: To calculate the prevalence of VI by U.

Charting Aging Trajectories of Knee Cartilage Thickness for Early Osteoarthritis Risk Prediction: An MRI Study from the Osteoarthritis Initiative Cohort.

Knee osteoarthritis (OA), a prevalent joint disease in the U.S., poses challenges in terms of predicting of its early progression.

Serum proteomic biomarkers diagnostic of knee osteoarthritis.

Objective: To better understand the pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis (OA) through identification of serum diagnostics.

Design: We conducted multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry analysis of 107 peptides in baseline sera of two cohorts: the Foundation for National Institutes of Health (NIH) (n = 596 Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade 1-3 knee OA participants); and the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project (n = 127 multi-joint controls free of radiographic OA of the hands, hips, knees (bilateral KL=0), and spine). Data were split into (70%) training and (30%) testing sets.

Physician Assistant Student Attitudes and Empathy Following Virtual Immersion.

Background: Addressing provider attitudes associated with diabetes and social determinants of health (SDH) can help improve a patient's overall health and wellbeing. Empathy can improve patient care and outcomes. Cinematic virtual reality (Cine-VR) has been shown to positively affect student empathy.

Redox dysregulation in imaging professionals occupationally exposed to ionizing and non-ionizing radiation.

Imaging professionals are occupationally exposed to chronic ionizing radiation (IR) and non-ionizing radiation (NIR). This study aimed to investigate the influence of occupational radiation exposure on oxidative stress and antioxidant levels based on blood biomarkers in different hospital imaging professional groups. The study groups included 66 imaging professionals occupationally exposed to IR ( = 58, 43 diagnostic radiography (G1), seven nuclear medicine (G2), eight radiation therapy (G3)), and NIR ( = 8, ultrasound imaging (G4)) and 60 non-exposed controls.

Mortality associated with bacterial and fungal infections and overdose among people with drug use diagnoses.

Purpose: Hospital visits for drug use-related bacterial and fungal infections have increased alongside overdose deaths. The incidence of mortality from these infections and the comparison to overdose mortality is not established.

Methods: This cohort study examined mortality outcomes among adults with drug use diagnoses who were insured by public and private plans during 2007 through 2018 in North Carolina.

Renal pathology in adult and paediatric population of Japan: review of the Japan renal biopsy registry database from 2007 to 2017.

Background: The Japan Renal Biopsy Registry (J-RBR), a nationwide, web-based, registry system, started in 2007. This study aimed to summarise the epidemiology of biopsy-diagnosed kidney disease in Japan over 10 years.

Methods: We analysed the J-RBR database, from 2007 to 2017.

Precision Medicine-Based Machine Learning Analyses to Explore Optimal Exercise Therapies for Individuals With Knee Osteoarthritis: Random Forest-Informed Tree-Based Learning.

Objective: We applied a precision medicine-based machine learning approach to discover underlying patient characteristics associated with differential improvement in knee osteoarthritis symptoms following standard physical therapy (PT), internet-based exercise training (IBET), and a usual care/wait list control condition.

Methods: Participants (n = 303) were from the Physical Therapy vs Internet-Based Training for Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis trial. The primary outcome was the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) total score at 12-month follow-up.

Age, period and cohort-related trends in prescription opioid use in the USA, 1999-2018.

Background: To provide insight into the longitudinal dynamics of opioid use throughout the overdose crisis, this study estimated the separate influences of age, period and cohort on prescription opioid use during 1999-2018 in the USA.

Methods: Data from 10 cycles of the cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to conduct an age-period-cohort analysis of the prevalence of prescription opioid use (n=63 500 across 1999-2018). Temporal trends were graphically visualised.