Occurrence of Virulence Genes and Antimicrobial Resistance of O157:H7 Isolated from the Beef Carcass of Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia.

. O157:H7 is one of the most virulent foodborne pathogens. The aim of this study was to isolate O157:H7, determine virulence genes carried by the organism, and assess the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the isolates from beef carcass samples at Bahir Dar city.

Camel Mastitis: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Isolation of Major Bacterial Pathogens in Gomole District of Borena Zone, Southern Ethiopia.

As of other dairy animals, dromedary camel could be affected by mastitis, a complex disease occurring worldwide among dairy animals, with heavy economic losses largely due to clinical and subclinical mastitis. Yet, little is known about the occurrence and potential risk factors exposing to lactating camel mastitis in Ethiopia. Consequently, a cross-sectional study was carried out from November 2018 to April 2019 so as to determine the prevalence, associated risk factors, and major bacterial pathogens causing mastitis in traditionally managed lactating camels in Gomole district of Borena Zone.

Protective Effects and Mechanisms of Recombinant Human Glutathione Peroxidase 4 on Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Ischemia Injury.

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a cardiovascular disease with high fatality rate, and its pathogenesis is closely related to oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in oxidative stress can lead to myocardial ischemia (MI) injury in many ways. Therefore, the application of antioxidants may be an effective way to prevent IHD.

Correlation of oxidative stress-related indicators with milk composition and metabolites in early lactating dairy cows.

Background: In highly intensive dairy farms, cows often suffer from metabolic disorders that cause severe oxidative stress.

Objectives: This study aimed to observe correlations and associations of oxidative stress-related indicators with milk compositions and metabolites.

Methods: Twenty-two multiparous Holstein dairy cows in early lactation were randomly selected from a commercial dairy farm.

Class and landscape level habitat fragmentation analysis in the Bale mountains national park, southeastern Ethiopia.

The changes of natural habitat structure and function due to human interference is hastening worldwide, and it is compulsory to preserve biological resources in a protected system. This study aims to measure the landscape ecological structure and the extent of habitat fragmentation in the Bale mountains national park. The land use/land cover change was determined by interpreting the 1985, 1995, 2005 and 2017 Landsat images with ArcGIS 10.

Carriage, Risk Factors, and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Salmonella Isolates from Raw Beef in Jimma, Southwestern Ethiopia.

Purpose: Consumption of raw beef infected with multidrug-resistant Salmonella is pertinent to the world public health risk of antimicrobial resistance. Henceforth, this study aimed to investigate the carriage, antimicrobial resistance (AR) patterns, and the revealing risk factors of Salmonella-contaminating beef in abattoirs and butcher shops in Jimma town.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the carriage and AR patterns and to reveal the risk factors of beef contaminated by Salmonella spp.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Best Management Practices On Soil Erosion Reduction Using the SWAT Model: for the Case of Gumara Watershed, Abbay (Upper Blue Nile) Basin.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of best management practices (BMPs) to reduce soil erosion in Gumara watershed of the Abbay (Upper Blue Nile) Basin using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The model was calibrated (1995-2002) and validated (2003-2007) using the SWAT-CUP based on observed streamflow and sediment yield data at the watershed outlet. The study evaluated four individual BMP Scenarios; namely, filter strips (FS), stone/soil bunds (SSB), grassed waterways (GW) and reforestation of croplands (RC), and three blended BMP Scenarios, which combines individual BMPS of FS and RC (FS & RC), GW and RC (GW & RC), and SSB and GW (SSB & GW).

Insects' Production, Consumption, Policy, and Sustainability: What Have We Learned from the Indigenous Knowledge Systems?

Edible insects can be produced sustainably, with less environmental impact than other forms of livestock. Globally, over 2000 edible insect species have been reported and are regarded as a great source of nutrition, both as food and feed. Over the years, rural people have used indigenous knowledge to either store or process such insects.

The Influence of Drying Methods on the Chemical Composition and Body Color of Yellow Mealworm ( L.).

To preserve the quality of the yellow mealworm, different drying methods are being explored by farmers and processors. However, the energy costs associated with these methods are usually high for smallholder insect-rearing farmers. Thus, the core aim of this study was to investigate different drying procedures and their impact on the chemical composition of yellow mealworm larvae.

Occurrence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Isolates from Animal Origin Food Items in Selected Areas of Arsi Zone, Southeastern Ethiopia, 2018/19.

The status of and its antimicrobial susceptibility profile in animal origin food items from different catering establishments in Ethiopia is scarce. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of isolates from animal origin food items in the selected areas of Arsi Zone. One hundred ninety-two animal origin food samples were collected and processed for isolation.

O15 : H7 from Food of Animal Origin in Arsi: Occurrence at Catering Establishments and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile.

O157 : H7 ( O157 : H7) has been found to be the major cause of food-borne diseases and a serious public health problem in the world, with an increasing concern for the emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant strains. Hitherto, little is known about the carriage of O157 : H7 and its antimicrobial susceptibility profile in the food of animal origin in Ethiopia. This study aimed to determine the occurrence and multidrug resistance profile of O157 : H7 from food of animal origin at different catering establishments in the selected study settings of Arsi Zone.

A dataset of Agronomic Biofortification and Seeding rate - by - Location effects on Grain Mineral concentration, End-use quality and Agro-phenological traits of Durum wheat Genotypes.

Improving durum wheat end-use quality traits such as protein and gluten content becomes the principal research focus area, due to the increase in market demand and premium price paid for durum wheat producing farmers. The success is, however, limited because of crop genetic bottleneck, factors from growing environments and crop agronomic management practices. A study was conducted to i) identify an optimum seeding rate for durum wheat genotypes that can improve grain yield and grain quality and ii) to evaluate the effect of agronomic biofortification on grain protein, gluten contents, Zeleny index, and grain mineral content.

Protective efficacy of Barbervax® in Merino weaner sheep trickle infected with five doses of Haemonchus contortus infective larvae.

Barbervax® protects sheep against H. contortus infection; however, the level of protection afforded by the vaccine at different levels of larval challenge under field conditions has not been reported. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the protective efficacy of Barbervax® at increasing doses of trickle infection with H.

Prevalence and associated risk factors of Bovine mastitis in dairy cows in and around Assosa town, Benishangul-Gumuz Regional State, Western Ethiopia.

Background: Mastitis, a complex disease of multifactorial aetiology, is one of the most costly diseases in the dairy industry worldwide. It can be categorized as clinical and subclinical type relying on the clinical sign. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of mastitis and to identify its intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors in dairy cows in and around Assosa town, Western Ethiopia.

Prevalence and antimicrobial drug resistance of isolated from cow milk samples.

Background And Aim: infections and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in mastitis cases are both of clinical and economic importance. This study investigated the prevalence and AMR patterns of isolated from composite milk samples of dairy cows submitted to the Onderstepoort Milk Laboratory for routine diagnosis.

Materials And Methods: A total of 2862 cow milk samples randomly selected from submitted samples were tested for the presence of using microbiological and biochemical tests.

Prediction of grass biomass from satellite imagery in Somali regional state, eastern Ethiopia.

The drought-prone Ethiopian Somali region has a long history of pastoralism (livestock grazing), which is a major source of livelihoods. However, it suffers from poor rangeland management and a lack of research and information. The objectives of this study were to develop a method for forecasting forage biomass and to quantify production of and spatial variation in forage from satellite imagery.

The Current Status of the Alternative Use to Antibiotics in Poultry Production: An African Perspective.

Over the years the growth and health of food-producing animals have been enhanced by the use of antibiotics. These have helped reduce on-farm mortalities, lower incidences of diseases and more importantly improve productivity. Generally, the utilization of antibiotics in feed has been reevaluated since bacterial pathogens have established and shared a variety of antibiotic resistance mechanisms that can easily be spread within microbial communities.

Evaluating potential impacts of land management practices on soil erosion in the Gilgel Abay watershed, upper Blue Nile basin.

Assessing the potential impacts of different land management practices helps to identify and implement sustainable watershed management measures. This study aims to assess a change in soil erosion rate under different land management practices in the Gilgel Abay watershed of the upper Blue Nile basin, Ethiopia. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model that was adapted to the Ethiopian highlands context was employed to estimate the rate of soil erosion.

Spatial and temporal distribution of foot and mouth disease outbreaks in Amhara region of Ethiopia in the period 1999 to 2016.

Background: Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is an economically important trans-boundary viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals. It is caused by FMD virus, which belongs to the genus Aphthovirus and family Picornaviridae. FMD is a well-established endemic disease in Ethiopia since it was first detected in 1957.

Partial replacement of soybean products with canola meal in indigenous chicken diets: size of internal organs, carcass characteristics and breast meat quality.

While the use of canola meal (CM) as an alternative to soybean meal in broiler diets is well-documented, there is no information on the utility of this valuable by-product for slow-growing indigenous chickens. This study was, therefore, conducted to evaluate the effects of partially replacing soybean products in a chicken grower diet with graded levels of CM on carcass characteristics, relative organ sizes and meat quality in Potchefstroom Koekoek (PK) cockerels. A total of 175 PK cockerels (342.

The use of aged stool specimens for the detection of rotavirus.

Background: Rotavirus is considered worldwide as one of the most important viral gastrointestinal infections, resulting in potentially life-threatening diarrhoea and death in children under the age of 5 years. Rotavirus can survive and remain infectious for long periods outside of the human body and can be easily transmitted via environmental surfaces.

Method: Stool specimens that had been collected and stored since 2010/2011 at 2°C - 8°C instead of -20°C or -80°C were analysed to determine the viability of rotavirus in these specimens after 6 years of improper storage.

Estimating carrying capacity and stocking rates of rangelands in Harshin District, Eastern Somali Region, Ethiopia.

We conducted a quantitative assessment of forage biomass in Harshin district to determine its annual productive potential, carrying capacity, and stocking rates. The dominant Land Use and Land Cover include woodland (35.5%), shrubs (28.

Relationship between population genomic structure and growth profiles of South African goats under different production systems.

Goats play a major role in poor marginalized communities of South Africa for food security and socio-economic purposes. Majority of the goats are raised in villages with poor infrastructure and resources, therefore facing challenges that affect growth performance which leads to low mature weights. Investigating growth profiles will shed light on growth performances and will aid in goat improvement and selection.

Study of land cover/land use changes using RS and GIS: a case study of Multan district, Pakistan.

Water and land both are limited resources. Current management strategies are facing multiple challenges to meet food security of an increasing population in numerous South Asian countries, including Pakistan. The study of land cover/land use changes (LCLUC) and land surface temperature (LST) is important as both provide critical information for policymaking of natural resources.

Risk Factors and Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Human Rabies Exposure in Northwestern Tigray, Ethiopia.

Background: Rabies is a neglected tropical disease, which is economically important with great public health concerns in developing countries including Ethiopia. Epidemiological information can play an important role in the control and prevention of rabies, though little is known about the status of the disease in many settings of Ethiopia. The present study aimed to investigate the risk factors and spatio-temporal patterns of human rabies exposure in Northwestern Tigray, Ethiopia.