Addressing the Syndemics of HIV, Mental Health, and COVID-19 Using the Health and Human Rights Framework among Youth Living with HIV, in Uganda: an Interpretive Phenomenological Study.

Stigma and discrimination negatively impact the prevention, treatment, and care of HIV. The COVID-19 pandemic increased this complexity and created a cluster of synergistic health contexts, wherein the physiological aspects of HIV and the social and environmental conditions increased the vulnerability in health outcomes for youth living with HIV (YPLHIV) in Kampala, Uganda. We used interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) and the syndemics framework to understand the lived experiences of YPLHIV.

Factors affecting production of competent health workforce in Tanzanian health training institutions: a cross sectional study.

Background: In 2008, the government of Tanzania adopted a competency-based education and training (CBET) system to improve medical training. Yet there are still frequent observations of competency deficits among graduates, suggesting that the goal has not sufficiently been met. This study was designed to assess the underlying context of competency deficits in the health workforce in Tanzania and to provide recommendations for improvement.

Examining the Delivery of a Tailored Chinese Mind-Body Exercise to Low-Income Community-Dwelling Older Latino Individuals for Healthy Aging: Feasibility and Acceptability Study.

Background: Older Latino individuals are disproportionally affected by various chronic conditions including impairments in physical and cognitive functions, which are essential for healthy aging and independent living.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of FITxOlder, a 12-week mind-body exercise program, in community-dwelling low-income, predominantly older Latino individuals, and assess its preliminary effects on health parameters relevant to healthy aging and independent living.

Methods: This 12-week, single-arm, stage 1B feasibility study had a pre- and poststudy design.

The Use of Digital Health Tools for Health Promotion Among Women With and Without Chronic Diseases: Insights From the 2017-2020 Health Information National Trends Survey.

Background: In the United States, almost 90% of women are at risk of at least one chronic condition. However, the awareness, management, and monitoring of these conditions are low and present a substantial public health problem. Digital health tools can be leveraged to reduce the alarmingly high rates of chronic condition-related mortality and morbidity in women.

Improving access to emergency obstetric care in underserved rural Tanzania: a prospective cohort study.

Background: One of the key strategies to reducing maternal mortality is provision of emergency obstetric care services. This paper describes the results of improving availability of, and access to emergency obstetric care services in underserved rural Tanzania using associate clinicians.

Methods: A prospective cohort study of emergency obstetric care was implemented in seven health centres in Morogoro region, Tanzania from July 2016 to June 2019.

Rural and Urban/Suburban Victim Professionals' Perceptions of Gender-Based Violence, Victim Challenges, and Safety Advice During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

This study surveyed a national sample of victim service professionals (  =  222) and compared rural versus urban/suburban participants' perceptions of a variety of issues, such as the impact of the pandemic on gender-based violence victimization and safety advice for isolated victims. Increased interference with victim employment and the abuser monitoring of online activities were reported by participants across all communities. However, urban/suburban participants rated the magnitude of all victim challenges as greater, while more rural participants noted child abuse as a particular problem in their communities.

Trends in Binge Drinking and Heavy Alcohol Consumption Among Pregnant Women in the US, 2011 to 2020.

This cross-sectional study compares trends in the prevalence of binge drinking and heavy alcohol consumption among pregnant and nonpregnant women from 2011 through 2020.

Scale up and strengthening of comprehensive emergency obstetric and newborn care in Tanzania.

Introduction: In Tanzania, inadequate access to comprehensive emergency obstetric and newborn care (CEmONC) services is the major bottleneck for perinatal care and results in high maternal and perinatal mortality. From 2015 to 2019, the Accessing Safe Deliveries in Tanzania project was implemented to study how to improve access to CEmONC services in underserved rural areas.

Methods: A five-year longitudinal cohort study was implemented in seven health centres (HCs) and 21 satellite dispensaries in Morogoro region.

Switching to a Standard Chow Diet at Weaning Improves the Effects of Maternal and Postnatal High-Fat and High-Sucrose Diet on Cardiometabolic Health in Adult Male Mouse Offspring.

Cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to obesity-associated heart disease. Maternal and postnatal diet plays an important role in cardiac function, yet the impacts of a mismatch between prenatal and postweaning diet on cardiometabolic function are not well understood. We tested the hypothesis that switching to a standard chow diet after weaning would attenuate systemic metabolic disorders and cardiac and mitochondrial dysfunction associated with maternal and postnatal high-fat/high-sucrose (HFHS) diet in mice.

Associations between perceived source credibility, e-cigarettes, and e-cigarette ad perceptions.

The use of e-cigarettes among U.S. adults remains high, and aggressive industry advertising is a contributor.

Explaining racial/ethnic and socioeconomic differences in COVID protective behavior.

COVID-19 has had a disproportionate impact on Black, Hispanic, and lower socioeconomic status communities. Using data from the Community, Health and Politics Study (CHAPS 2021), collected in the midst of the pandemic, we examine differences in COVID-19 health promotion behavior (i.e.

Impacts of an early childhood obesity prevention program in Mexico.

The Healthy Change Program aimed to improve the accuracy of maternal perceptions of children's weight (MPCW), maternal feeding style (MFS) and feeding practices. Using a randomized control trial design, the intervention group received 4-weekly group sessions focusing on MPCW, MFS and healthy behaviors. The control group received the same dose of attention-control sessions on food hygiene.

The Impact of a Self-Management Program Based on the 5 A's Model on Type 1 Diabetes in School-Aged Children.

Introduction: Diabetes is a chronic metabolic condition characterized by abnormally high blood glucose levels that eventually results in catastrophic damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves. The available data from previous studies on the application of the 5 A's model-based self-management program to increase knowledge and self-care practices in children are insufficient. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a self-management program based on the 5 A's paradigm on school-aged children with type 1 diabetes.

Prevalence and correlates of driving under the influence of stimulants: Evidence from a national sample.

Background: Several million Americans use illicit stimulants every month and national data suggest stimulant use is increasing. However, little evidence exists that examines the prevalence and correlates of driving under the influence of stimulants (DUIS). The present study aimed to provide new evidence on the prevalence of DUIS in the U.

Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Relationship Between Neighborhood Environment and Physical Activity Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults.

To examine the associations between neighborhood environment-perceived neighborhood social cohesion and perceived neighborhood physical environment-and physical activity (PA) and whether these associations differ by race/ethnicity. We analyzed data from the Health and Retirement Study, a longitudinal study of US adults aged 50+ from 2006 to 2014 ( = 17,974), using multivariate mixed-effects linear models. PA was repeatedly measured using metabolic equivalent of task estimated values accounting for the vigor and frequency of self-reported PA.

United States Military Fatalities During Operation Inherent Resolve and Operation Freedom's Sentinel.

Background: Military operations provide a unified action and strategic approach to achieve national goals and objectives. Mortality reviews from military operations can guide injury prevention and casualty care efforts.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on all U.

COVID-19, "A Gift and a Curse" in Unsettling Times: A Qualitative Study.

The objectives of this study were to rapidly explore the perceptions of female-headed African American families on "stressors," "stress reactions," and "opportunities" amid the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown mandates. Semistructured telephone interviews were conducted with 9 African American women in a rural Midwestern (US) community, who were single parents/grandparents and cared for at least one child/grandchild aged 5 to 17 years. A thematic analytical approach was used to review, code, and analyze phone interview transcripts.

Telehealth Technologies in Diabetes Self-management and Education.

Background: The coronavirus pandemic of 2019 (COVID-19) forced worldwide recognition and implementation of telehealth as a means of providing continuity of care by varied health care institutions. Diabetes is a global health threat with rates that continue to accelerate, thereby causing an increased need for clinicians to provide diabetes care and education to keep up with demand. Utilizing technology to provide education via phone/smartphone, video/audio, web, text message, mobile apps, or a combination of these methods can help improve patient access and clinical outcomes, cut costs, and close gaps in care.

Necessity of daily 1000-IU vitamin D supplementation for maintaining a sufficient vitamin D status.

The changes in the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations after daily 1000-IU vitamin D intake for 3 months (3-month-VD), 6 months (6-month-VD) and then 6-month cessation of vitamin D in-take (6-month-VD cessation) were examined. The serum 25(OH)D levels in 11 male and 16 female subjects were 12.1±3.

Psychometrics and measurement invariance: Health Literacy Scale for Vietnamese and Indonesian married immigrants.

Aims: To examine the psychometrics and measurement invariance of the Short-Form Health Literacy 12-item questionnaire (HL-SF12) among Vietnamese and Indonesian married immigrants.

Design: A cross-sectional survey design.

Methods: In total, 1171 Vietnamese and Indonesian married immigrants were enrolled between September 2019 and December 2019.

Individual goals interact with dyad goals to constrain and facilitate the formation of interpersonal patterns of coordination.

Two experiments were undertaken to examine the spontaneous and intentional formation of interpersonal coordination patterns within dyads. In both experiments, each individual in a dyad was given a pre-set amplitude goal of tracing a 3 cm or 15 cm line to maintain over a trial. Smaller amplitudes were associated with faster movement frequencies compared to larger amplitudes in both experiments.

Critical Theory, Culture Change, and Achieving Health Equity in Health Care Settings.

Achieving optimal health for all requires confronting the complex legacies of colonialism and white supremacy embedded in all institutions, including health care institutions. As a result, health care organizations committed to health equity must build the capacity of their staff to recognize the contemporary manifestations of these legacies within the organization and to act to eliminate them. In a culture of equity, all employees-individually and collectively-identify and reflect on the organizational dynamics that reproduce health inequities and engage in activities to transform them.

[Efforts towards the consolidation of public policies for the prevention of HPV-associated cancers in Puerto RicoEsforços realizados em Porto Rico para a consolidação de políticas públicas de prevenção de cânceres associados ao HPV].

The purpose of this special report is to describe chronologically the events that contributed to the development and approval of legislation and subsequent implementation of a school vaccination mandate in order to prevent HPV and HPV-associated cancers in Puerto Rico (PR). Starting in 2010, PR initiated public-policy approvals aimed at improving cancer registries and HPV vaccine coverage through health insurance for adolescents aged 11 to 18 years. In 2014, scientific and community efforts succeeded in documenting the magnitude of morbidity caused by HPV and jointly developing HPV vaccine prevention and promotion strategies.