A system dynamics approach to model heat stress accumulation in dairy cows during a heatwave event.

Climate change is expected to increase the number of heat wave events, leading to prolonged exposures to severe heat stress (HS) and the corresponding adverse effects on dairy cattle productivity. Modelling dairy cattle productivity under HS conditions is complicated because it requires comprehending the complexity, non-linearity, dynamicity, and delays in animal response. In this paper, we applied the System Dynamics methodology to understand the dynamics of animal response and system delays of observed milk yield (MY) in dairy cows under HS.

Native mass spectrometry of proteoliposomes containing integral and peripheral membrane proteins.

Cellular membranes are critical to the function of membrane proteins, whether they are associated (peripheral) or embedded (integral) within the bilayer. While detergents have contributed to our understanding of membrane protein structure and function, there remains challenges in characterizing protein-lipid interactions within the context of an intact membrane. Here, we developed a method to prepare proteoliposomes for native mass spectrometry (MS) studies.

Generative organic electronic molecular design informed by quantum chemistry.

Generative molecular design strategies have emerged as promising alternatives to trial-and-error approaches for exploring and optimizing within large chemical spaces. To date, generative models with reinforcement learning approaches have frequently used low-cost methods to evaluate the quality of the generated molecules, enabling many loops through the generative model. However, for functional molecular materials tasks, such low-cost methods are either not available or would require the generation of large amounts of training data to train surrogate machine learning models.

Biomolecular interactions studied by low-field NMR using SABRE hyperpolarization.

We demonstrate that low-field nuclear magnetic resonance provides a means for measuring biomacromolecular interactions without requiring a superconducting, or even a permanent magnet. A small molecule, 5-fluoropyridine-3-carboximidamide, is designed to be a specific ligand for the trypsin protein, while containing a fluorine atom as a nuclear spin hyperpolarizable label. With hyperpolarization by the parahydrogen based signal amplification by the reversible exchange method, fluorine NMR signals are detectable in the measurement field of 0.

Efficient ternary WORM memory devices from quinoline-based D-A systems by varying the redox behavior of ferrocene.

The design and synthesis of ferrocene-functionalized organic small molecules using quinoline cores are rendered to achieve a ternary write-once-read-many (WORM) memory device. Introducing an electron-withdrawing group into the ferrocene system changes the compounds' photophysical, electrochemical, and memory behavior. The compounds were synthesized with and without an acetylene bridge between the ferrocene unit and quinoline.

Sustainable poverty reduction models for the coordinated development of the social economy and environment in China.

Sustainable development in impoverished areas is still a global challenge owing to trade-offs between development and conservation. There are large poverty-stricken areas (PSAs) in China, which overlap highly with ecologically sensitive areas. China has made great efforts to alleviate poverty over the years.

Combining native mass spectrometry and lipidomics to uncover specific membrane protein-lipid interactions from natural lipid sources.

While it is known that lipids play an essential role in regulating membrane protein structure and function, it remains challenging to identify specific protein-lipid interactions. Here, we present an innovative approach that combines native mass spectrometry (MS) and lipidomics to identify lipids retained by membrane proteins from natural lipid extracts. Our results reveal that the bacterial ammonia channel (AmtB) enriches specific cardiolipin (CDL) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) from natural headgroup extracts.

Future Temperature-Related Deaths in the U.S.: The Impact of Climate Change, Demographics, and Adaptation.

Mortality due to extreme temperatures is one of the most worrying impacts of climate change. In this analysis, we use historic mortality and temperature data from 106 cities in the United States to develop a model that predicts deaths attributable to temperature. With this model and projections of future temperature from climate models, we estimate temperature-related deaths in the United States due to climate change, changing demographics, and adaptation.

Plant virology: an RNA treasure trove.

Key principles pertaining to RNA biology not infrequently have their origins in plant virology. Examples have arisen from studies on viral RNA-intrinsic properties and the infection process from gene expression, replication, movement, and defense evasion to biotechnological applications. Since RNA is at the core of the central dogma in molecular biology, how plant virology assisted in the reinforcement or adaptations of this concept, while at other instances shook up elements of the doctrine, is discussed.

Superior cyclability of high surface area vanadium nitride in salt electrolytes.

High surface area vanadium nitrides (VNs) have been extensively studied as materials for aqueous supercapacitors due to the high initial capacitance in alkaline media at low scan rates. However, low capacitance retention and safety limit their implementation. The use of neutral aqueous salt solutions has the potential to mitigate both of these concerns, but is limited in analysis.

The Role of Feral Swine in Human Aortic Infection With Species.

Brucellosis is one of the most common zoonotic infections in the world. Human infections are the result of direct exposure to infected animals or ingestion of unprocessed dairy products. While sp.

A Modified Frequency Distribution Function of Wave-Breaking-Induced Energy Dissipation.

A nonlinear frequency-domain model and a probabilistic wave breaking model have been employed together to simulate the propagation of nearshore wave breaking and to provide estimates of related statistical quantities such as skewness and asymmetry. This combination of models requires a pre-specification of the frequency dependence of dissipation. Prior work has suggested that a frequency-squared weighting for the dissipation term is most appropriate via physical arguments.

Winds at the Mars 2020 Landing Site. 2. Wind Variability and Turbulence.

Wind speeds measured by the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover in Jezero crater were fitted as a Weibull distribution. InSight wind data acquired in Elysium Planitia were also used to contextualize observations. Jezero winds were found to be much calmer on average than in previous landing sites, despite the intense aeolian activity observed.

NF-κB-inducing kinase maintains mitochondrial efficiency and systemic metabolic homeostasis.

NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) is an essential upstream inducer of noncanonical NF-κB signaling and a critical regulator of immunity and inflammation. Our recent work has demonstrated that NIK regulates mitochondrial respiration and adaptive metabolic responses in cancer and innate immune cells. However, it is not clear whether NIK also has roles in regulating systemic metabolism.

Chemistry-mechanics-geometry coupling in positive electrode materials: a scale-bridging perspective for mitigating degradation in lithium-ion batteries through materials design.

Despite their rapid emergence as the dominant paradigm for electrochemical energy storage, the full promise of lithium-ion batteries is yet to be fully realized, partly because of challenges in adequately resolving common degradation mechanisms. Positive electrodes of Li-ion batteries store ions in interstitial sites based on redox reactions throughout their interior volume. However, variations in the local concentration of inserted Li-ions and inhomogeneous intercalation-induced structural transformations beget substantial stress.

Essential agriculture, sacrificial labor, and the COVID-19 pandemic in the US South.

As farmworkers were reframed as "essential" workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, US growers demanded unfettered access to foreign farm labor. After initially announcing a freeze on all immigration processing, the Trump administration bowed to farmers' demands, granting a single exception for agricultural guestworkers under the H-2A visa program. Through a focus on H-2A farmworkers in Georgia, this paper highlights how the pandemic exacerbated farm labor conditions in the US South.

Impact of Alcohol on Bone Health in People Living With HIV: Integrating Clinical Data From Serum Bone Markers With Morphometric Analysis in a Non-Human Primate Model.

People living with HIV (PLWH) represent a vulnerable population to adverse musculoskeletal outcomes due to HIV infection, antiretroviral therapy (ART), and at-risk alcohol use. Developing measures to prevent skeletal degeneration in this group requires a grasp of the relationship between alcohol use and low bone mass in both the PLWH population and its constituents as defined by sex, age, and race. We examined the association of alcohol use with serum biochemical markers of bone health in a diverse cohort of PLWH enrolled in the New Orleans Alcohol Use in HIV (NOAH) study.

Placing gold on a π-surface: ligand design and impact on reactivity.

We describe a novel gold chloride complex supported by an ambiphilic phosphine/xanthylium ligand in which the AuCl moiety interacts with the π surface of the xanthylium unit as indicated by structural studies. Energy decomposition analyses carried out on a model system indicates the prevalence of non-covalent interactions in which the electrostatic and dispersion terms cumulatively dominate. The presence of these AuCl-π interactions correlates with the high catalytic activity of this complex in the cyclisation of 2-(phenylethynyl)phenylboronic acid, -propargyl--butylamide, and 2-allyl-2-(2-propynyl)malonate.

Fluorine extraction from organofluorine molecules to make fluorinated clusters in yttrium MOFs.

A new rare earth based two-dimensional coordination network and a three-dimensional metal-organic framework (MOF) have been synthesized using bicinchoninic acid (BCA) and yttrium(iii) ions. Yttrium dimer nodes are formed in the absence of a modulator, resulting in a 2D layered coordination network (Y-BCA-2D). The presence of fluorinating agents, , 2-fluorobenzoic acid (2-FBA), 2,6-difluorobenzoic acid (2,6-DFBA), and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) result in μ-F bridged metal hexaclusters (YF) that form a three-dimensional MOF (Y-BCA-3D).

Effects of dexmedetomidine on hemodynamic, oxygenation, microcirculation, and inflammatory markers in a porcine model of sepsis.

Purpose: To determine whether dexmedetomidine aggravates hemodynamic, metabolic variables, inflammatory markers, and microcirculation in experimental septic shock.

Methods: Twenty-four pigs randomized into: Sham group (n = 8), received saline; Shock group (n = 8), received an intravenous infusion of Escherichia coli O55 (3 × 109 cells/mL, 0.75 mL/kg, 1 hour); Dex-Shock group (n = 8), received bacteria and intravenous dexmedetomidine (bolus 0.

Role of Biodiversity in Ecological Calendars and Its Implications for Food Sovereignty: Empirical Assessment of the Resilience of Indicator Species to Anthropogenic Climate Change.

Ecological calendars are knowledge systems based on close observation of one's habitat to measure and give meaning to time, thereby providing anticipatory capacity for livelihood activities and contributing to food sovereignty. They rely upon seasonal indicators that integrate biophysical and ecological phenomena (e.g.

Episodes of Early Pleistocene West Antarctic Ice Sheet Retreat Recorded by Iceberg Alley Sediments.

Ice loss in the Southern Hemisphere has been greatest over the past 30 years in West Antarctica. The high sensitivity of this region to climate change has motivated geologists to examine marine sedimentary records for evidence of past episodes of West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) instability. Sediments accumulating in the Scotia Sea are useful to examine for this purpose because they receive iceberg-rafted debris (IBRD) sourced from the Pacific- and Atlantic-facing sectors of West Antarctica.

Mössbauer-based molecular-level decomposition of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ironome, and preliminary characterization of isolated nuclei.

One hundred proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are known to contain iron. These proteins are found mainly in mitochondria, cytosol, nuclei, endoplasmic reticula, and vacuoles. Cells also contain non-proteinaceous low-molecular-mass labile iron pools (LFePs).

Estimation of Mechanical and Transport Parameters in Cancers Using Short Time Poroelastography.

Mechanical and transport properties of cancers such as Young's modulus (YM), Poisson's ratio (PR), and vascular permeability (VP) have great clinical importance in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. However, non-invasive estimation of these parameters is challenged by many practical factors. Elasticity imaging methods, such as "poroelastography", require prolonged data acquisition, which can limit their clinical applicability.