Fertility comparison between breeding at 24 hours or at 24 and 48 hours after collection with cooled equine semen.

It has become a common practice in the equine breeding industry to send 2 insemination doses for breeding with transported cooled semen, one to be used for the initial insemination upon arrival, and the other to be held a second insemination the next day. One fertile stallion and 36 fertile mares were used to determine if breeding once with 1 dose of semen cooled for 24 h would improve fertility compared with breeding twice, 1 d apart, with half the dose of semen cooled for 24 h on the first day of breeding and half cooled for 48 h on the second day of breeding. Mares were given two intramuscular injections of 10 mg PGF2 alpha 14 d apart.

Bacteriology of preserved stallion semen and antibiotics in semen extenders.

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of different antibiotics in a milk-glucose semen extender on motility of equine sperm and elimination of bacteria following storage of extended semen in vitro. In Experiment 1, 7 antibiotics were compared: amikacin, gentamicin, streptomycin, potassium penicillin, sodium penicillin, ticarcillin, and polymixin B. In Experiment 2, 3 antibiotic treatments were compared: potassium penicillin G, amikacin, or a combination of potassium penicillin G and amikacin.

Clinical and pathologic features of cloned transgenic calves and fetuses (13 case studies).

The neonatal abnormalities, treatments and outcomes in a group of 13 cloned transgenic calves and fetuses that progressed into the third trimester of pregnancy are described. From these 13 fetuses, 8 calves were born live, 4 stillborn fetuses were recovered from 3 cows that died 7 d to 2 mo before term, and 1 aborted fetus was recovered at 8 mo gestation. All fetuses and calves were derived from the same male fetal Holstein fibroblast cell line transfected with a beta-galactosidase marker gene.

Administration of oxytocin immediately after insemination does not improve pregnancy rates in mares bred by fertile or subfertile stallions.

It is probable that reduced pregnancy rates in mares bred to subfertile stallions is attributable, in part, to the reduced number of normal spermatozoa that colonize the oviduct. Administration of oxytocin stimulates both uterine and oviductal contractility. The hypothesis that oxytocin may enhance sperm transport to/into the oviducts, and thereby increase pregnancy rates, was tested in 2 trials.

Nonsurgical treatment of suprascapular nerve injury in horses: 8 cases (1988-1998).

Objective: To determine the outcome of horses with suprascapular nerve injury treated with stall rest alone.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: 8 horses.

Deep digital flexor tenotomy as a treatment for chronic laminitis in horses: 35 cases (1988-1997).

Objective: To determine long-term prognosis for horses with laminitis treated by deep digital flexor (DDF) tenotomy and to identify factors affecting success of the surgical procedure.

Design: Retrospective study.

Animals: 35 horses with laminitis treated by DDF tenotomy between 1988 and 1997.

Characteristics and risk factors for failure of horses with acute diarrhea to survive: 122 cases (1990-1996).

Objective: To characterize horses with acute diarrhea and determine risk factors for failure to survive.

Design: Retrospective study.

Animals: 122 adult horses admitted for acute diarrhea at the teaching hospital between Jan 1, 1990 and Dec 31, 1996.

Disseminated coccidioidomycosis in a mandrill baboon (Mandrillus sphinx): a case report.

A case of disseminated coccidioidomycosis caused by a dimorphic fungus Coccidioides immitis in a mandrill baboon (Mandrillus sphinx) was diagnosed following radiography, ultrasound-guided aspiration of thoracic lesions, and aspiration cytology of skeletal lesions of the left sixth rib. The diagnosis was confirmed by fungal culture and serum quantitative immunodiffusion for antibodies against C. immitis.

Hepatotoxicity and secondary photosensitization in a red kangaroo (Megaleia rufus) due to ingestion of Lantana camara.

Three red kangaroos (Megaleira rufus), an adult male, an adult female, and a yearling, were exposed in bedding and food to coastal bermuda hay that contained the toxic plant Lantana camara. The adult male exhibited signs of anorexia, depression, lethargy, and jaundice. The adult female was presented dead.

Randomized controlled trial of effects of Escherichia coli antiserum on serum immunoglobulin G concentrations and morbidity and mortality rates in foals.

Objective: To determine whether administration of commercially available Escherichia coli antiserum to neonatal foals would affect serum IgG concentration or morbidity and mortality rates during the first 60 days of life.

Design: Randomized controlled trial.

Animals: 271 neonatal foals on 4 well-managed farms.

Cobalt 60 radiotherapy for treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses in three horses.

Three adult horses underwent aggressive treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, using course-fractionated cobalt 60 radiotherapy. Squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is not commonly diagnosed in horses. Historically, horses with this type of neoplasm have not been treated or have undergone some form of surgery.

Duodenal perforation in a cheetah (Acinonyx jubilatus).

An 11-yr-old female cheetah (Acinonyx jubilatus) from a privately owned breeding center for endangered species was referred for evaluation with a history of vomiting and depression of 10 days' duration. After anesthetic induction with tiletamine and zolazepam and anesthetic maintenance with isoflurane, a complete diagnostic workup was performed, including hematology, serum chemistry, and radiography. The clinical diagnosis was septic suppurative inflammation and hemorrhage in the abdomen, consistent with perforation or rupture of the gastrointestinal tract.

Plasma pharmacokinetics of ranitidine HCl in foals.

Plasma pharmacokinetics of ranitidine HCl were investigated after intravenous (i.v.) and oral (p.

In vivo evaluation of intramedullary interlocking nail fixation of transverse femoral osteotomies in foals.

Objective: To evaluate an intramedullary interlocking nail for stabilization of transverse femoral osteotomies in foals.

Study Design: A transverse osteotomy and restabilization with an intramedullary interlocking nail was performed on the right femur in three foals and the left femur in three foals.

Animals: Six foals weighing 149 to 207 kg.

Tension band plating of an olecranon fracture in a bull.

A 1,018-kg (2,240-lb), 6-year-old bull was admitted for evaluation of a left forelimb lameness of 7 days' duration. Radiographic views of the proximal portion of the left forelimb revealed a type-III olecranon fracture that was minimally displaced. Conservative treatment, including stall confinement and administration of anti-inflammatory drugs, was attempted.

Racing-related factors and results of prerace physical inspection and their association with musculoskeletal injuries incurred in thoroughbreds during races.

Objective: To describe and compare data from Thoroughbreds that sustained musculoskeletal injuries while racing with data from matched control horses.

Design: Matched case-control study.

Animals: 216 Thoroughbreds that sustained a musculoskeletal injury while racing and 532 horses from the same races that were not injured.

Plasma pharmacokinetics of ranitidine HCl in adult horses.

Plasma pharmacokinetics of ranitidine HCl were investigated after intravenous (i.v.) and oral (p.

Three methods of oxytocin-induced parturition and their effects of foals.

Objective: To compare effects of 3 oxytocin-based induction techniques on fetal and neonatal foals.

Design: Prospective randomized controlled trial.

Animals: 16 pregnant mares.

Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain of normal neonatal foals.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on the brain of 5 normal, anesthetized, neonatal (age 3-to-6 days) Quarter Horse foals. The objectives of the study were to develop a technique for imaging the brain of neonatal foals, and to ascertain their normal brain anatomy. Intravenous propofol was administered for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia.

Amikacin pharmacokinetics and the effects of ambient temperature on the dosage regimen in ball pythons (Python regius).

The serum concentration of amikacin following intracardiac and i.m. administration of amikacin (3.

Risk factors for wound infection following celiotomy in horses.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of wound infection following celiotomy in horses and to determine risk factors associated with the development of such infections.

Design: Prospective study.

Animals: 210 horses that had 235 celiotomies.

Case-control study of risk factors for the development of laminitis in the contralateral limb in Equidae with unilateral lameness.

Objective: To identify risk factors associated with development of laminitis of the supporting limb in Equidae with unilateral laminitis and to determine the radiographic appearance of this type of laminitis.

Design: Retrospective analysis of medical records.

Animals: 20 Equidae with unilateral lameness that developed laminitis of the contralateral limb.

High-sodium crystalloid solution for treatment of hypernatremia in a Vietnamese pot-bellied pig.

An 11-month-old female Vietnamese pot-bellied pig was examined for severe dehydration and neurologic signs including disorientation, ataxia, blindness, and involuntary twitching of the muscles of the neck and head. Biochemical analyses of serum revealed hypernatremia, hyperchloremia, hyperkalemia, azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperalbuminemia, and high activities of aspartate transaminase and creatine kinase. A diagnosis of salt toxicosis/water deprivation was made.