Echocardiographic and angiographic comparison of ductal dimensions in dogs with patent ductus arteriosus.

Background: Transcatheter occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a minimally invasive treatment option in dogs. Device selection based on appropriately acquired PDA dimensions and morphology can minimize procedural complications, including minimizing residual ductal flow and inappropriate embolization.

Hypothesis: Transesophageal echocardiographic (TEE) derived minimum ductal diameter measurements would most accurately reflect angiographic measurements.

Oral amiodarone therapy in dogs with atrial fibrillation.

The medical records of client-owned dogs in which amiodarone was used to manage atrial fibrillation (AF) were reviewed. Data analyzed included signalment, history of heart failure, presenting complaint, clinical diagnosis, prescription drug history, number of re-examinations, outcome, and laboratory analysis including serum biochemical analysis, CBC, and thyroid function testing. Specific data for amiodarone included loading and maintenance dose, duration of loading dose, adverse effects, and reason for decreasing dose or discontinuation of amiodarone therapy.

Pharmacodynamics of carvedilol in conscious, healthy dogs.

The purpose of the study reported here was to determine the magnitude and duration of beta-blocking efficacy, determine an effective dose and dosing interval, and document safety and tolerability of carvedilol given orally in clinically normal dogs. Pharmacodynamic data were evaluated in conscious, unrestrained, healthy hound dogs at baseline and after long-term oral administration of carvedilol (1.5 mg/kg of body weight PO q12h for >5 days).

Development and evaluation of a new apparatus for continuous perfusion of isolated perfused pig heart.

To develop a better model of isolated perfused heart, a new apparatus of coronary artery cannula- fixed-in-aortic tube was developed for continuous normothermic perfusion and compared to the Casalis apparatus with cold ischemia. Eight mongrel pigs with the body weight of 18 to 24 kg were divided half into two groups. All the continuous perfusion experimental hearts resumed a spontaneous heart beat and stabilized earlier than the control hearts without the need of defibrillator or pacemaker, indicating no reperfusion injury on the heart.

External hydrocephalus in a dog with suspected bacterial meningoencephalitis.

An approximately 12-week-old, male fox terrier was presented for clinical and physical signs consistent with hydrocephalus. Diagnostic evaluation led to a diagnosis of external hydrocephalus and fibrinopurulent meningoencephalitis. Treatment consisted of antibiotics and the placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt.

Purification and partial characterization of canine pepsinogen A and B.

Objective: To purify and partially characterize various isoforms of canine pepsinogen (PG) from gastric mucosa.

Sample Population: Stomachs obtained from 6 euthanatized dogs.

Procedure: Mucosa was scraped from canine stomachs, and a crude mucosal extract was prepared and further purified by use of weak anion-exchange chromatography, hydroxyapatite chromatography, size-exclusion chromatography, and strong anion-exchange chromatography.

Kinetics of urinary recovery of five sugars after orogastric administration in healthy dogs.

Objective: To describe the kinetics of urinary recovery (UR) of 5 sugars used for gastrointestinal permeability and mucosal function testing following orogastric administration of lactose, rhamnose, xylose, methylglucose, and sucrose.

Animals: 7 healthy male Beagles.

Procedures: A sugar solution containing lactulose, rhamnose, xylose, methylglucose, and sucrose was administered by orogastric intubation to healthy dogs.

Postprandial changes in serum unconjugated bile acid concentrations in healthy beagles.

Objective: To investigate postprandial changes in serum concentrations of unconjugated bile acids in healthy Beagles.

Animals: 7 healthy Beagles.

Procedure: Blood samples were obtained from dogs at regular intervals up to 8 hours after consumption of a meal.

Cellular immunolocalization of gastric and pancreatic lipase in various tissues obtained from dogs.

Objective: To determine cellular immunolocalization of canine gastric lipase (cGL) and canine pancreatic lipase (cPL) in various tissues obtained from clinically healthy dogs.

Sample Population: Samples of 38 tissues collected from 2 climically healthy dogs.

Procedures: The cGL and cPL were purified from gastric and pancreatic tissue, respectively, obtained from dogs.

Pharmacokinetics of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim in donkeys, mules, and horses.

Objective: To compare serum disposition of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim after IV administration to donkeys, mules, and horses.

Animals: 5 donkeys, 5 mules, and 3 horses.

Procedure: Blood samples were collected before (time 0) and 5, 15, 30, and 45 minutes and 1, 1.

Metabolism of amino acids in cats with severe cobalamin deficiency.

Objective: To validate an automated chemiluminescent immunoassay for measuring serum cobalamin concentration in cats, to establish and validate gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques for use in quantification of methylmalonic acid, homocysteine, cysteine, cystathionine, and methionine in sera from cats, and to investigate serum concentrations of methylmalonic acid, methionine, homocysteine, cystathionine, and cysteine as indicators of biochemical abnormalities accompanying severe cobalamin (vitamin B12) deficiency in cats.

Sample Population: Serum samples of 40 cats with severe cobalamin deficiency (serum cobalamin concentration < 100 ng/L) and 24 control cats with serum cobalamin concentration within the reference range.

Procedure: Serum concentrations of cobalamin were measured, using a commercial automated chemiluminescent immunoassay.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of butorphanol in llamas after intravenous and intramuscular administration.

Objective: To evaluate disposition of butorphanol after i.v. and i.

Neutropenia in dogs and cats: a retrospective study of 261 cases.

Case records of 232 dogs and 29 cats with neutropenia were reviewed to examine the spectrum of underlying etiologies causing the neutropenia. Six etiological categories included nonbacterial infectious disease; increased demand due to marked inflammation, bacterial sepsis, or endotoxemia; drug-associated neutropenia; primary bone-marrow disease; immune-mediated neutropenia; and diseases of unclear etiology. The largest single category associated with the development of neutropenia was nonbacterial infectious disease (e.

Response to immunotherapy in six related horses with urticaria secondary to atopy.

Urticaria secondary to atopy may be a familial problem in some horses. Immunotherapy using a vaccine containing antigens selected on the basis of history and results of intradermal testing can be an effective method of managing atopy in horses; a response to therapy may be seen within 2 months.

Influence of drug treatment on survival of dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia: 88 cases (1989-1999).

Objective: To evaluate association of various treatments for immune-mediated hemolytic anemia with survival to discharge in dogs.

Design: Retrospective cross-sectional analysis.

Animals: 88 dogs with idiopathic immune-mediated hemolytic anemia.

Preliminary studies of a canine 13C-aminopyrine demethylation blood test.

The objectives of this study were to determine whether a 13C-aminopyrine demethylation blood test is technically feasible in clinically healthy dogs, whether oral administration of 13C-aminopyrine causes a detectable increase in percent dose/min (PCD) of 13C administered as 13C-aminopyrine and recovered in gas extracted from blood, and whether gas extraction efficiency has an impact on PCD. A dose of 2 mg/kg body weight of 13C-aminopyrine dissolved in deionized water was administered orally to 6 clinically healthy dogs. Blood samples were taken from each dog 0, 30, 60, and 120 min after administration of the 13C-aminopyrine.

Long-term outcome of gonadectomy performed at an early age or traditional age in dogs.

Objective: To determine long-term results and complications of gonadectomy performed at an early age (prepubertal) or at the traditional age in dogs.

Design: Cohort study.

Animals: 269 dogs from animal shelters.

Nitric oxide: a review for veterinary surgeons.

Nitric oxide (NO) is an endogenous gas that serves as a biologic messenger in many physiologic processes including neurotransmission, blood-pressure control, the immune system's ability to kill tumor cells, and wound healing. NO is produced after oxidation of L-arginine by a family of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes. Two of the NOS enzymes are present continuously and are thereby termed constitutive NOS.

Long-term outcome of gonadectomy performed at an early age or traditional age in cats.

Objective: To determine long-term results and complications of gonadectomy performed at an early age (prepubertal) or at the traditional age in cats.

Design: Cohort study.

Animals: 263 cats from animal shelters.

Serum feline trypsin-like immunoreactivity in cats with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is thought to occur rarely in cats. This assumption has been made based on the lack of a specific test for this disease in the cat. Clinical data from the 1st 20 cats with serum feline trypsin-like immunoreactivity (fTLI) concentrations < or = 8 microg/L are presented.