A Structurally Simple Polymer Donor Enables High-Efficiency Organic Solar Cells with Minimal Energy Losses.

Energy loss (Eloss) between optical energy gap (Eg) and open-circuit voltage (eVoc) sets efficiency upper limits for organic solar cells (OSCs). Nevertheless, further breaking the limit of Eloss in OSCs is challenging, especially via structurally simple materials in binary OSCs. Herein, a structurally simple non-halogenated polymer donor, namely PBDCT, is developed for realizing high-efficiency OSCs with record-breaking Eloss.

Altered diversity and composition of gut microbiota in Korean children with food allergy.

Background: This study aimed to comprehensively characterize the gut microbiome and identify individual and grouped gut microbes associated with food allergy (FA) using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Methods: Fecal samples were collected from children with IgE-mediated FA and from sex- and age-matched controls. The V3-V4 variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene of the gut microbiome were profiled using next-generation sequencing (Illumina, USA).

Metal-Free Electrochemical C-H Chlorination of Terminal Alkanes.

Although research on the activation of C-H bonds in alkanes has been ongoing for decades, there are still few strategies that are both highly selective and suitable for industrial production. Here, we report a highly selective method for chlorination of terminal C-H bonds in alkanes by combining electrochemistry and organocatalysis. The specific cavity size of organic molecular catalysts ensures high regioselectivity, while the use of inexpensive and easily reusable graphite felt electrodes, simple electrochemical device and mild conditions enables the reaction to maintain good efficiency even when scaled up to kilogram level production.

Test-Retest Reliability of Mismatch Negativity and Late Discriminative Negativity Response in Children With Listening Difficulties.

The aim of the study was to determine the test-retest reliability of MMN and LDN recorded to simple speech contrasts in children with listening difficulties. MMN and LDN responses were recorded from Fz and Cz electrodes for a /da/-/ga/ contrast twice within a 10-day period. To extract MMN and LDN, auditory-evoked responses to /ga/ stimuli presented alone were subtracted from the responses to /ga/ presented within an oddball sequence.

Dynamic prediction and quantitative assessment of carbon emissions from animal husbandry: A case study of inner mongolia autonomous region, China.

Climate change, driven by greenhouse gas emissions, has emerged as a pressing global ecological and environmental challenge. Our study is dedicated to exploring the various factors influencing greenhouse gas emissions from animal husbandry and predicting their future trends. To this end, we have analyzed data from China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region spanning from 1978 to 2022, aiming to estimate the carbon emissions associated with animal husbandry in the region.

Comparison of Early Functional Recovery Following Triportal Robot-Assisted and Uniportal Video-Assisted Segmentectomy in Patients With Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis.

Background: Robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (RATS) is more precise and flexible than video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. This study compared the early postoperative functional recovery of patients who underwent triportal RATS with that of patients who underwent uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery (UVATS) for segmentectomy.

Methods: This observational, prospective study included 172 patients with clinical stage I or II peripheral NSCLC who underwent RATS or UVATS segmentectomy.

Biomimetic Localized Gel Electrolyte for Practical Zinc Anode.

Incompatible electrode/electrolyte interface often leads to dendrite growth, parasitic reactions and corrosion, posing significant challenges to the application of Zn anodes. Herein, we introduce a biomimetic antifreeze protein localized gel electrolyte (ALGE) with multifunctional capabilities to address these issues by combining electrolyte modification with interface optimization. ALGE modifies the Zn2+ solvation structure and the hydrogen-bond network adjacent to zinc anode, effectively suppressing hydrogen evolution.

Ability and utility of the Physician Well-Being Index to identify distress among Chinese physicians.

Background: Despite the high prevalence of mental stress among physicians, reliable screening tools are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the capability of the Physician Well-Being Index (PWBI) in identifying distress and adverse consequences among Chinese physicians.

Methods: This cross-sectional online survey recruited 2803 physicians from Southern Mainland China snowball sampling between October and December 2020.

A review in analytical progress for house dust mite allergens.

House dust mite (HDM) allergens are one of the most important causes of allergenic diseases in the indoor environment. The World Health Organization (WHO) has defined risk thresholds for Group I HDM allergens as a concentration of 2 and 10 μg/mL in dust for producing asthma risk and polar asthma attacks, respectively. Continuing exposure to high concentrations of HDM allergens greatly increases the risk of developing allergic diseases.

Enantioselective Behaviors and Risk Assessments of Chiral Pesticide Mefentrifluconazole in Four Types of Fruits and Vegetables.

Mefentrifluconazole was the first novel isopropyl alcohol triazole fungicide. Existing research indicated that mefentrifluconazole had high activity and low toxicity, presenting potential for monocase application, while limited data existed on its enantioselective dissipation in crops. Here, after confirming the absolute configuration, the enantioselective dissipation and risk assessments of chiral mefentrifluconazole in soybeans, peanuts, tomatoes, grapes, and soil were conducted.

Aggregation-Induced Photosensitization of Long-Chain-Substituted Osmium Complexes for Lysosomes Targeting Photodynamic Therapy.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been demonstrated to be an effective tool for cancer treatment. Seeking organelle-targeting photosensitizers (PSs) with robust reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is extremely in demand. Herein, we propose an aggregation-induced photosensitization strategy for effective PDT with osmium complexes.

Ligand-to-Ligand Charge Transfer Induced Red-Shifted Room Temperature Phosphorescence in Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Research on room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has been rapidly developed in recent years. However, it is still challenging to realize long-wavelength RTP (>580 nm). In this article, a new strategy is proposed to achieve the red-shifted RTP through constructing dual-ligand MOFs.

Revealing a Heavy-Atom Assisted Rotation Mechanism in the H + NHCl Multi-Channel Reaction.

Identifying atomic-level mechanisms in elemental chemical reactions is crucial for understanding complex reaction processes. This study focuses on the typical multichannel H + NHCl reaction, which plays a significant role in environmental science. High-level ab initio calculations determined seven distinct reaction pathways, leading to three product channels: H + NHCl, HCl + NH, and Cl + NH.

Mechanistic Insight into the Photoinduced Decarboxylative Radical Addition of Carboxylic Acid to Alkenes in a Two-Molecule Photoredox System.

The detailed mechanism of photoinduced decarboxylative radical addition to alkenes using both the effect of an electron donor (ED)/electron acceptor (EA) and laser flash photolysis in a two-molecule photoredox system was investigated. The concentration of EA played an important role in the photoreaction and could be controlled by varying the concentrations of ED/EA and their identity, which influenced Δ. Higher concentrations of ED/EA and a larger negative Δ led to a higher concentration of EA, thereby increasing the yield of the adduct; however, the large negative Δ for the generation of the EDA complex hindered decarboxylation.

StZIP2 promotes root growth by improving the transport efficiency of zinc in potato(Solanum tuberosum L.).

Zinc is an essential trace element for plant growth and development. Zinc transporters play an important role in regulating zinc homeostasis in plants. In this study, the potato cultivar 'Atlantic' was used as experimental material to analyze the expression characteristics of the StZIP2 gene in different potato tissues under zinc deficiency stress.

Multi-omics analysis of druggable genes to facilitate Alzheimer's disease therapy: A multi-cohort machine learning study.

Background: The swift rise in the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) alongside its significant societal and economic impact has created a pressing demand for effective interventions and treatments. However, there are no available treatments that can modify the progression of the disease.

Methods: Eight AD brain tissues datasets and three blood datasets were obtained.

The links between soil and water pollution and cardiovascular disease.

Soil and water pollution represent significant threats to global health, ecosystems, and biodiversity. Healthy soils underpin terrestrial ecosystems, supporting food production, biodiversity, water retention, and carbon sequestration. However, soil degradation jeopardizes the health of 3.

OMEGA-guided DNA polymerases enable random mutagenesis in a tunable window.

Targeted random mutagenesis is crucial for breeding, directed evolution, and gene function studies, yet efficient tools remain scarce. Here, we present obligate mobile element guided activity (OMEGA)-R, an innovative targeted random mutagenesis system that integrates SpyCatcher-enIscB and PolI3M-TBD-SpyTag, outperforming existing state-of-the-art technologies in key metrics, such as protein size, mutagenesis efficiency, window length, and continuity. OMEGA-R achieves a dramatic enhancement of on-target mutagenesis, reaching a rate of 1.

SubtiToolKit: a bioengineering kit for Bacillus subtilis and Gram-positive bacteria.

Building DNA constructs of increasing complexity is key to synthetic biology. Golden Gate (GG) methods led to the creation of cloning toolkits - collections of modular standardized DNA parts hosted on hierarchic plasmids, developed for yeast, plants, Gram-negative bacteria, and human cells. However, Gram-positive bacteria have been neglected.

Nasal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage among hospitalized patients before and after COVID-19 pandemic in a regional hospital in taiwan.

Background: Strict mask wearing and handwashing were implemented in hospital settings during COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan. To explore if nasal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage rate among inpatients in the hospital changed before and after COVID-19, we conducted this study.

Methods: Patients who were admitted to a regional hospital in central Taiwan during one week in 2012 and 2023, respectively, were enrolled.