Risk classification for non-cancer death in middle-aged cancer patients.

Introduction: Non-cancer events are important causes of competing mortality among cancer patients. However, the risk of non-cancer death and risk classification in middle-aged cancer patients is not clear. To comprehensively analyze the risk of non-cancer deaths in 24 different cancers among middle-aged patients.

Standard: Human gastric cancer organoids.

Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies with poor prognosis. The use of organoids to simulate gastric cancer has rapidly developed over the past several years. Patient-derived gastric cancer organoids serve as in vitro models that closely mimics donor characteristics, offering new opportunities for both basic and applied research.

TLS and immune cell profiling: immunomodulatory effects of immunochemotherapy on tumor microenvironment in resectable stage III NSCLC.

Background: The use of programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors in the neoadjuvant setting for patients with resectable stage III NSCLC has revolutionized this field in recent years. However, there is still 40%-60% of patients do not benefit from this approach. The complex interactions between immune cell subtypes and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) within the tumor microenvironment (TME) may influence prognosis and the response to immunochemotherapy.

Elastography-based AI model can predict axillary status after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer with nodal involvement: A prospective, multicenter, diagnostic study.

Objective: To develop a model for accurate prediction of axillary lymph node (LN) status after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer patients with nodal involvement.

Methods: Between October 2018 and February 2024, 671 breast cancer patients with biopsy-proven LN metastasis who received NAC followed by axillary LN dissection were enrolled in this prospective, multicenter study. Preoperative ultrasound (US) images, including B-mode ultrasound (BUS) and shear wave elastography (SWE), were obtained.

A bibliometric analysis of research trends and hotspots of pilocytic astrocytoma from 2004 to 2023.

Pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) is a WHO grade I neoplasm with a favorable prognosis. It is the most common pediatric benign tumor. Recently, PA has attracted more and more attention and discussion from scholars.

"Three-in-One Wonder": A Retrospective Cohort Study on Modified Robotic-Assisted Transoral Thyroidectomy.

Importance: With advancements in robotic surgery, robotic-assisted thyroidectomy is gaining popularity. The introduction of the 3-port transoral robotic thyroidectomy (T-TORT) offers an alternative approach with potential benefits in postoperative recovery compared to traditional methods.

Objective: To assess the safety and feasibility of T-TORT in comparison to the transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA).

Combined pyrotinib and fulvestrant for hormone receptor-positive and HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer: A multicenter, single-arm, phase II trial.

This multicenter, single-arm, phase II clinical trial (NCT04034589) evaluated the efficacy and safety of pyrotinib combined with fulvestrant in patients with HR-positive/HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer who had experienced trastuzumab treatment failure. A total of 46 patients were enrolled, receiving pyrotinib orally once daily and fulvestrant intramuscularly on days 1 and 15 of cycle 1, followed by monthly doses on day 1. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS), while secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and safety.

-driven CX3CR1 PD-L1 phagocytes route to tumor tissues and reshape tumor microenvironment.

The intracellular bacterium (Fn) mediates tumorigenesis and progression in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the origin of intratumoral Fn and the role of Fn-infected immunocytes in the tumor microenvironment remain unclear. Here, we observed that Fn-infected neutrophils/macrophages (PMNs/MΦs), especially PMNs, accumulate in tumor tissues and fecal Fn abundance correlates positively with an abundance of blood PD-L1 PMNs in CRC patients.

Perioperative immunotherapy plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for patients with resectable pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma.

Background: Primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (PLELC) is a rare subtype of non-small-cell lung cancer. This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of perioperative PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in stage II-IIIB PLELC patients.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective study included stage II-IIIB PLELC patients.

The complex interplay between redox dysregulation and mTOR signaling pathway in cancer: A rationale for cancer treatment.

The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a highly conserved serine/threonine kinase that plays a critical role in regulating cellular processes such as growth, proliferation, and metabolism in healthy cells. Dysregulation of mTOR signaling and oxidative stress have been implicated in various diseases including cancer. This review aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of mTOR and its involvement in cell survival and the regulation of cancer cell metabolism as well as its complex interplay with reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Artificial Intelligence-Empowered Multistep Integrated Radiation Therapy Workflow for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.

Purpose: To establish an artificial intelligence (AI)-empowered multistep integrated (MSI) radiation therapy (RT) workflow for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and evaluate its feasibility and clinical performance.

Methods And Materials: Patients with NPC scheduled for MSI RT workflow were prospectively enrolled. This workflow integrates RT procedures from computed tomography (CT) scan to beam delivery, all performed with the patient on the treatment couch.

Genetic susceptibility of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a meta genome-wide association study in Asian population.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive malignancy and the most common form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that occurs worldwide. To discover risk factors and pathogenesis of DLBCL, we performed the largest GWAS of DLBCL to date in samples of East Asian ancestry, consisting of 2,888 patients with DLBCL and 12,458 controls. The meta-analysis identified three novel loci, rs2233434 on 6p21.

A rare KLHDC4 variant Glu510Lys is associated with genetic susceptibility and promotes tumor metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Various genetic association studies have identified numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) risk. However, these studies have predominantly focused on common variants, leaving the contribution of rare variants to the "missing heritability" largely unexplored. Here, we integrate genotyping data from 3925 NPC cases and 15,048 healthy controls to identify a rare SNP, rs141121474, resulting in a Glu510Lys mutation in KLHDC4 gene linked to increased NPC risk.

First-Line PD-1 Blockade Combined With Chemotherapy for Stage IV Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PD-1 blockade combined with cisplatin and paclitaxel (TP)-based chemotherapy as first-line treatment for advanced penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC).

Patients And Methods: A retrospective review was performed of 32 eligible patients with high-risk stage IV (cN3M0-1) PSCC who received first-line PD-1 blockade combined with TP-based chemotherapy at 5 medical centers (2019-2023). Clinical responses were assessed using RECIST version 1.

Long-term Outcomes Following Individualized Primary Tumor Clinical Target Volume Delineation Based on Stepwise Spread Patterns of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Treated With Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy.

Purpose: Our institution has developed an individualized elective primary tumor clinical target volume (CTVp) delineation protocol for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) based on stepwise tumor spread patterns in intensity modulated radiation therapy for over 10 years. Herein, we report the long-term efficacy and toxicities in patients with NPC treated under this protocol.

Methods And Materials: A total of 7262 patients with histologically proven nonmetastatic NPC treated with intensity modulated radiation therapy following this individualized delineation protocol were retrospectively evaluated.

Prognostic Implications of the Number of Lymph Node Metastases in Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Population Study of the SEER Database and an Institutional Registry.

Background: To investigate the impact of the number of positive lymph nodes (PLNs) on long-term survival and pathological nodal stage in patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC).

Materials And Methods: Newly diagnosed and nonmetastatic adult patients with OTSCC who underwent curative resection were identified between January 2010 and December 2020. External validation was performed via the SEER registry.

Radiation-induced aberrant structural covariance networks in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a source-based morphometry study.

Background: Radiation-induced brain injury (RBI) is a common complication in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) who have undergone radiotherapy (RT), which is characterized by significant cognitive and psychological impairments. Although radiation-induced regional structural abnormalities have been well-reported, the effects of RT on the whole brain structural covariance networks are mostly unknown. Here, we performed a source-based morphometry (SBM) study to solve this issue.

Integrative multi-omics and machine learning approach reveals tumor microenvironment-associated prognostic biomarkers in ovarian cancer.

Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) is a globally prevalent malignancy with significant morbidity and mortality, yet its heterogeneity poses challenges in treatment and prognosis. Recognizing the crucial role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in OC progression, this study leverages integrative multi-omics and machine learning to uncover TME-associated prognostic biomarkers, paving the way for more personalized therapeutic interventions.

Methods: Employing a rigorous multi-omics approach, this study analyzed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from OC and normal tissue samples, including high-grade serous OC (HGSOC) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO: GSE184880) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) OC cohort, utilizing the Seurat package to annotate 700 TME-related genes.

Safety and efficacy of amulirafusp alfa (IMM0306), a fusion protein of CD20 monoclonal antibody with the CD47 binding domain of SIRPα, in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a phase 1/2 study.

Background: Amulirafusp alfa (IMM0306) is a fusion protein of CD47 binding domain of signal-regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) with CD20 monoclonal antibody on both heavy chains. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and preliminary efficacy of amulirafusp alfa in relapsed or refractory (r/r) B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL).

Methods: We enrolled patients with CD20 + r/r B-NHL who had previously received at least two lines of therapy to receive a single-dose of amulirafusp alfa in the first 2 weeks, followed by a multiple-dose period, in which the patients received the same intravenous dose every week in 4-week cycles.

Hexamethylene amiloride induces lysosome-mediated cell death in multiple myeloma through transcription factor E3.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second common hematological malignancy characterized by the abnormal proliferation of plasma cells. Although advances in the past decades have led to improved outcomes and longer survival, MM remains largely incurable. New targets and targeted therapy may help to achieve better outcomes.

Serum hemoglobin and albumin levels serve as prognostic predictors after adrenal metastasectomy.

Purpose: Adrenal metastasectomy is a common local treatment for adrenal metastases, with a lack of serum prognostic factors. Here, we identified the prognostic significance of preoperative hemoglobin and albumin levels in patients undergoing adrenal metastasectomy.

Materials And Methods: Data from 93 patients who underwent adrenal metastasectomy were assessed retrospectively.

Predictive significance of MPT-driven necrosis-related genes signature in gastric cancer and their impact on the tumor microenvironment.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) presents significant management challenges. MPT-driven necrosis (MPTDN) plays a significant role in various conditions, but its connection with GC is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the predictive significance of MPTDN-related genes (MPTDNRGs) in GC and their effect on the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME).

Identification of novel germline mutations in FUT7 and EXT1 linked with hereditary multiple exostoses.

Hereditary multiple exostoses (HME) is an autosomal dominant skeletal disorder primarily linked with mutations in Exostosin-1 (EXT1) and Exostosin-2 (EXT2) genes. However, not all HME cases can be explained by these mutations, and its pathogenic mechanisms are not fully understood. Herein, utilizing whole-exome sequencing and genetic screening with a family trio design, we identify two novel rare mutations co-segregating with HME in a Chinese family, including a nonsense mutation (c.