Association between Mismatch-repair Genetic variation and the Risk of Multiple Primary Cancers: A Meta-Analysis.

Microsatellites instability (MSI) is a risk factor for multiple primary cancers (MPCs). However, a variety of studies focused on the risk in the hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) not the sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The aim of this meta-analysis was to comprehensive overview and quantitative summary the association between MSI and risk of MPCs.

Synaptopodin-2 suppresses metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer via inhibition of YAP/TAZ activity.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, with a high incidence of distant metastasis; however, the underlying mechanism for this frequent recurrence remains unclear. Herein, we show that synaptopodin-2 (SYNPO2), a putative tumour suppressor in aggressive cancer, is frequently downregulated in TNBC by methylation of the promoter of SYNPO2. Low expression levels of SYNPO2 correlated significantly with 5-year metastatic relapse, and predicted poorer prognosis in breast cancer patients.

Mycoplasma-associated multidrug resistance of hepatocarcinoma cells requires the interaction of P37 and Annexin A2.

Mycoplasma infection has been reported to be associated with cancer migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition as well as the resistance to nucleoside analogues chemotherapeutic drugs. In this study, we found that the sensitivity of hepatocarcinoma cells to Cisplatin, Gemcitabine and Mitoxantrone was increased by mycoplasma elimination. Similar to the effect of anti-mycoplasma agent, interrupting the interaction between Mycoplasma hyorhinis membrane protein P37 and Annexin A2 of host cells using the N-terminal of ANXA2 polypeptide enhanced the sensitivity of HCC97L cells to Gemcitabine and Mitoxantrone.

Feasibility and clinical value of CT-guided I brachytherapy for metastatic soft tissue sarcoma after first-line chemotherapy failure.

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility and usefulness of computed tomography (CT)-guided iodine (I) brachytherapy for patients with metastatic soft tissue sarcoma (STS) after first-line chemotherapy failure.

Methods: We recruited 93 patients with metastatic STS who had received first-line chemotherapy 4-6 times but developed progressive disease, from January 2010 to July 2015; 45 patients who had combined I brachytherapy and second-line chemotherapy (Group A), and 48 patients who received second-line CT only (Group B).

Result: In Group A, 49 I seed implantation procedures were performed in 45 patients with 116 metastatic lesions; the primary success rate was 91.

Stratified ubiquitination of RIG-I creates robust immune response and induces selective gene expression.

The activation of retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), an indispensable viral RNA sensor in mammals, is subtly regulated by ubiquitination. Although multiple ubiquitination sites at the amino terminus of RIG-I have been identified, their functional allocations in RIG-I activation remain elusive. We identified a stratified model for RIG-I amino-terminal ubiquitination, in which initiation at either Lys or Lys allows subsequent ubiquitination at other lysines, to trigger and amplify RIG-I activation.

PDL1 And LDHA act as ceRNAs in triple negative breast cancer by regulating miR-34a.

Backgroud: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the regulation of programmed death ligand 1 (PDL1), lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and miR-34a in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and to explore the function and mechanism of PDL1 and LDHA as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) in TNBC via regulation of miR-34a.

Methods: Western blotting, quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays were conducted to explore the expression of PDL1, LDHA and miR-34a in TNBC and correlations between them. MTS cell viability, Transwell migration, glucose consumption and lactate production assays and flow cytometry were performed and mouse xenograft models were constructed to explore the functions and regulation of the PDL1 3'UTR and LDHA 3'UTR and miR-34a in TNBC.

Genomic Analysis of Tumor Microenvironment Immune Types across 14 Solid Cancer Types: Immunotherapeutic Implications.

We performed a comprehensive immuno-genomic analysis of tumor microenvironment immune types (TMITs), which is classified into four groups based on PD-L1+CD8A or PD-L1+cytolytic activity (CYT) expression, across a broad spectrum of solid tumors in order to help identify patients who will benefit from anti- PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. The mRNA sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) of 14 solid cancer types representing 6,685 tumor samples was analyzed. TMIT was classified only for those tumor types that both PD-L1 and CD8A/CYT could prefict mutation and/or neoantigen number.

Recursive Partitioning Analysis Identifies Pretreatment Risk Groups for the Utility of Induction Chemotherapy Before Definitive Chemoradiation Therapy in Esophageal Cancer.

Purpose: To assess the contribution of induction chemotherapy (IC) before definitive chemoradiation therapy (dCRT) in patients with esophageal cancer (EC) based on recursive partitioning analysis (RPA).

Methods And Materials: A total of 496 eligible patients with EC staged by positron emission tomography (PET) who received dCRT from 1998 to 2015 were included, 162 (32.7%) of whom underwent IC before dCRT.

Endocrine therapy inhibits proliferation and migration, promotes apoptosis and suppresses survivin protein expression in colorectal cancer cells.

The majority of colorectal cancers (CRCs) are hormone‑dependent. Thus, endocrine therapy has become an attractive strategy to treat CRC. The aim of the present study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of combined tamoxifen (TAM) plus β‑estradiol (E2) treatment on human DLD‑1 CRC cells.

The impact of histology on recurrence patterns in esophageal cancer treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy.

Background: To assess the impact of histology on recurrence patterns and survival outcomes in patients with esophageal cancer (EC) treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT).

Methods: We analyzed 590 consecutive EC patients who received definitive CRT from 1998 to 2014, including 182 patients (30.8%) with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 408 (69.

Genetically predicted high body mass index is associated with increased gastric cancer risk.

Epidemiological studies have linked body mass index (BMI) with risk of gastrointestinal cancers. However, for gastric cancer, the relationship is more controversial. In particular, it is unclear whether the observed association is due to confounding or bias inherent in conventional observational studies.

Recurrence Risk Stratification After Preoperative Chemoradiation of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma.

Objective: To discern recurrence risk stratification and investigate its influence on postoperative surveillance in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT).

Background: Reports documenting recurrence risk stratification in EAC after neoadjuvant CRT are scarce.

Methods: Between 1998 and 2014, 601 patients with EAC who underwent neoadjuvant CRT followed by esophagectomy were included for analysis.

RPA3 is a potential marker of prognosis and radioresistance for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Radioresistance-induced residual and recurrent tumours are the main cause of treatment failure in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Thus, the mechanisms of NPC radioresistance and predictive markers of NPC prognosis and radioresistance need to be investigated and identified. In this study, we identified RPA3 as a candidate radioresistance marker using RNA-seq of NPC samples.

F-FDG PET Response After Induction Chemotherapy Can Predict Who Will Benefit from Subsequent Esophagectomy After Chemoradiotherapy for Esophageal Adenocarcinoma.

This study aimed to determine whether F-FDG PET response after induction chemotherapy before concurrent chemoradiotherapy can identify patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma who may benefit from subsequent esophagectomy. We identified and analyzed 220 patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma who had received induction chemotherapy before chemoradiotherapy, with or without surgery, with curative intent; all underwent F-FDG PET scanning before and after induction chemotherapy. F-FDG PET responders were defined as patients who achieved complete response (CR) after induction chemotherapy (maximum SUV ≤ 3.

Recent advances in intensity modulated radiotherapy and proton therapy for esophageal cancer.

Radiotherapy is an important component of the standard of care for esophageal cancer. In the past decades, significant improvements in the planning and delivery of radiation techniques have led to better dose conformity to the target volume and improved normal tissue sparing. Areas covered: This review focuses on the advances in radiotherapy techniques and summarizes the availably dosimetric and clinical outcomes of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), volumetric modulated arc therapy, proton therapy, and four-dimensional radiotherapy for esophageal cancer, and discusses the challenges and future development of proton therapy.

Knockdown of PKM2 and GLS1 expression can significantly reverse oxaliplatin-resistance in colorectal cancer cells.

Clinical treatment for colorectal cancer (CRC) thus far encounters a huge challenge due to oxaliplatin-resistance. As crucial rate-limiting enzymes in aerobic glycolysis and glutaminolysis, pyruvate kinase M2 type (PKM2) and kidney-type glutaminase (GLS1) are proposed to carry important implications in colorectal carcinogenesis and drug-resistance. This study aimed to explore the possible association of oxaliplatin-resistance with aerobic glycolysis/glutaminolysis indexed by PKM2/GLS1 expression.

Validation of a nomogram for selecting patients for chemotherapy after D2 gastrectomy for cancer.

Background: According to some guidelines for the management of gastric cancer, adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended for patients with pT3-4 or node-positive disease. The aim of this study was to define low- and high-risk groups in terms of survival, and to predict the benefit of adjuvant fluoropyrimidine plus oxaliplatin (F-OX) chemotherapy.

Methods: Patients with pT3-4 or node-positive gastric cancer after gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy between 2000 and 2013 were included.

The immune molecular landscape of the B7 and TNFR immunoregulatory ligand-receptor families in head and neck cancer: A comprehensive overview and the immunotherapeutic implications.

The B7 family and tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily play a vital role in the T-cell co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory pathways, regulating T-cell activation, tolerance, and exhaustion; therapeutic modulation of these pathways is translated into effective new cancer treatments. Better understanding of the immune molecular landscapes of the B7 and TNFR families would guide head and neck immuno-oncology clinical research. We performed comprehensive molecular profiling of 10 B7 and 6 TNFR family members in head and neck cancer.

Peripheral blood lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio as a prognostic factor in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer: a multicenter retrospective study.

The lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), as a surrogate marker of systemic inflammation, has been found to be a novel prognostic indicator in various malignancies. Data from 672 advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by debulking surgery were analyzed, and the prognostic value of LMR were evaluated. The optimal cutoff point of LMR in prediction of survival was defined as 3.

Circulating Tumor DNA Mutation Profiling by Targeted Next Generation Sequencing Provides Guidance for Personalized Treatments in Multiple Cancer Types.

Cancer is a disease of complex genetic alterations, and comprehensive genetic diagnosis is beneficial to match each patient to appropriate therapy. However, acquisition of representative tumor samples is invasive and sometimes impossible. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a promising tool to use as a non-invasive biomarker for cancer mutation profiling.

Radiation-induced abnormal cortical thickness in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy.

Conventional MRI studies showed that radiation-induced brain necrosis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in years after radiotherapy (RT) could involve brain gray matter (GM) and impair brain function. However, it is still unclear the radiation-induced brain morphological changes in NPC patients with normal-appearing GM in the early period after RT. In this study, we acquired high-resolution brain structural MRI data from three groups of patients, 22 before radiotherapy (pre-RT) NPC patients with newly diagnosed but not yet medically treated, 22 NPC patients in the early-delayed stage after radiotherapy (post-RT-ED), and 20 NPC patients in the late-delayed stage after radiotherapy (post-RT-LD), and then analyzed the radiation-induced cortical thickness alteration in NPC patients after RT.

Adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Long-term results of a phase 3 multicentre randomised controlled trial.

Aim Of The Study: Previous results from our trial showed that adjuvant cisplatin and fluorouracil chemotherapy did not significantly improve survival after concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) at 2 years. Here, we present the data of long-term survival and late toxicities to further assess the ultimate therapeutic index of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC).

Methods: Patients with stage III-IVB (except T3-4N0) NPC were randomly assigned to receive CCRT plus AC or CCRT only at seven institutions in China.

Comparison of Segmentectomy and Lobectomy in Stage IA Adenocarcinomas.

Introduction: Recent studies have suggested that segmentectomy may be an acceptable alternative treatment to lobectomy for surgical management of smaller lung adenocarcinomas. The objective of this study was to compare survival after lobectomy and segmentectomy among patients with pathological stage IA adenocarcinoma categorized as stage T1b (>0 to ≤20 mm) according to the new eighth edition of the TNM system.

Methods: In total, 7989 patients were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry.

The Landscape of Clinical Trials Evaluating the Theranostic Role of PET Imaging in Oncology: Insights from an Analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov Database.

In the war on cancer marked by personalized medicine, positron emission tomography (PET)-based theranostic strategy is playing an increasingly important role. Well-designed clinical trials are of great significance for validating the PET applications and ensuring evidence-based cancer care. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive landscape of the characteristics of PET clinical trials using the substantial resource of ClinicalTrials.

The Effects of Anti-inflammatory Drug Treatment in Gastric Cancer Prevention: an Update of a Meta-analysis.

Gastric cancer has high incidence and fatality rates, making chemoprevention agents necessary. There is an ongoing debate about aspirin/nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use can significant reduce the risk of GC. We conducted a meta-analysis of existing studies evaluating the association of anti-inflammatory drug and GC.