The Emerging Role of Menstrual-Blood-Derived Stem Cells in Endometriosis.

The human endometrium has a complex cellular composition that is capable of promoting cyclic regeneration, where endometrial stem cells play a critical role. Menstrual blood-derived stem cells (MenSC) were first discovered in 2007 and described as exhibiting mesenchymal stem cell properties, setting them in the spotlight for endometriosis research. The stem cell theory for endometriosis pathogenesis, supported by the consensual mechanism of retrograde menstruation, highlights the recognized importance that MenSC have gained by potentially being directly related to the genesis, development and maintenance of ectopic endometriotic lesions.

Correlation between pain severity and levels of anxiety and depression in osteoarthritis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative musculoskeletal disease that causes articular damage and chronic pain, with a prevalence of up to 50% in individuals >60 years of age. Patients suffering from chronic painful conditions, including OA, also frequently report anxiety or depression. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to assess the correlation between pain severity and depressive and anxious symptomatology in OA patients.

Regulatory T cells and IL-17A levels in noninfectious uveitis.

Purpose: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been intensively studied in a myriad of autoimmune diseases. As for noninfectious uveitis (NIU), results have been contradictory, and studies have failed to demonstrate a consistent reduction in Treg cell frequency in patients with active disease. The present study aims to characterize T lymphocyte subsets, including naïve and memory Tregs as well as their respective CD39 expression, in the peripheral blood of NIU patients.

Obtaining Cancer Stem Cell Spheres from Gynecological and Breast Cancer Tumors.

Cancer stem cells (CSC) are a small population with self-renewal and plasticity which are responsible for tumorigenesis, resistance to treatment and recurrent disease. This population can be identified by surface markers, enzymatic activity and a functional profile. These approaches per se are limited, due to phenotypic heterogeneity and CSC plasticity.

Management of Asymptomatic Wolff-Parkinson-White Pattern in Young Patients: Has Anything Changed?

The approach to pediatric asymptomatic Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) patients is controversial. The objective of this review is to update the last consensus of specialists of the Pediatric and Congenital Electrophysiology Society/Heart Rhythm Society on this subject in order to summarize the most recent evidence on the management of young patients with asymptomatic WPW pattern. A systematic review of the literature published between 2008 and 2018 was performed taking into account the protocol of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) in PubMed (including Cochrane), Embase, and Web of Science.

Bifocal germinoma in a patient with 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome.

Intracranial germinomas are rare tumors affecting mostly patients at young age. Therefore, molecular data on its etiopathogenesis are scarce. We present a clinical case of a male patient of 25 years with an intracranial germinoma and a 16p11.

Cellular and molecular mechanisms of glioblastoma malignancy: Implications in resistance and therapeutic strategies.

Glioblastoma (GB) is the more frequent and malignant brain tumour. In spite of all efforts, the median overall survival of GB patients remains approximately 15 months under therapy. The molecular biology underlying GB is complex, which highlight the need of specific treatment strategies.

Nucleolin is expressed in patient-derived samples and glioblastoma cells, enabling improved intracellular drug delivery and cytotoxicity.

One of the major challenges in Glioblastoma (GBM) therapy relates with the existence of glioma stem-like cells (GSCs), known to be chemo- and radio-resistant. GSCs and non-stem GBM cells have the ability to interchange, emphasizing the importance of identifying common molecular targets among those cell sub-populations. Nucleolin overexpression has been recently associated with breast cancer sub-populations with different stem-like phenotype.

Advances on photodynamic therapy of melanoma through novel ring-fused 5,15-diphenylchlorins.

The synthesis, photophysical behaviour and photosensitization ability of novel 4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-fused 5,15-diphenylchlorins against melanoma cells are described. All studied chlorins were found to be extremely active against melanoma cell lines A375 showing IC values below 20 nM. Furthermore, a dihydroxymethyl diphenylchlorin was identified as an excellent candidate to allow modulating of different types of cell death, apoptosis vs.

Identification of Seniors at Risk (ISAR) in the emergency room: A prospective study.

Introduction: The Identification of Seniors at Risk (ISAR) is one of the most frequently utilized risk screening tools in emergency departments (ED). The goal of this study was to evaluate the predictive validity of the ISAR screening tool for adverse outcomes in an ED.

Methods: This was a prospective single-center observational study in a Portuguese urban university hospital ED, and included 402 older adults (OA).

The Expression of Connexins and SOX2 Reflects the Plasticity of Glioma Stem-Like Cells.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant primary brain tumor, with an average survival rate of 15 months. GBM is highly refractory to therapy, and such unresponsiveness is due, primarily, but not exclusively, to the glioma stem-like cells (GSCs). This subpopulation express stem-like cell markers and is responsible for the heterogeneity of GBM, generating multiple differentiated cell phenotypes.

Polyomavirus Nephropathy: Ten-Year Experience.

Background: Polyomavirus nephropathy (BKVN) is an important cause of chronic allograft dysfunction (CAD). Recipient determinants (male sex, white race, and older age), deceased donation, high-dose immunosuppression, diabetes, delayed graft function (DGF), cytomegalovirus infection, and acute rejection (AR) are risk factors. Reducing immunosuppression is the best strategy in BKVN.

Hypoxia mimetic induces lipid accumulation through mitochondrial dysfunction and stimulates autophagy in murine preadipocyte cell line.

Background: Hypoxia occurs within adipose tissue of obese human and mice. However, its role in adipose tissue regulation is still controversial.

Methods: We used murine preadipocyte 3T3-L1 cells and hypoxia was induced by using hypoxia mimetic agents, as CoCl.

Roles of interleukin-17 in uveitis.

Th17 cells, a CD4+ T-cell subset, produce interleukin (IL)-17, a pro-inflammatory cytokine that has been shown to be involved in several forms of infectious and noninfectious uveitis. Here, we explore the roles of this IL in uveitic disorders as well as in experimental autoimmune uveitis, the possible pathogenic implications of several cytokines associated with IL-17 and analyze the current outcomes and goals for drugs aiming for the IL-17 pathway.

Autoimmune alternating hyper- and hypo-thyroidism: a rare condition in pediatrics.

Unlabelled: Alternating between hyper- and hypo-thyroidism may be explained by the simultaneous presence of both types of TSH receptor autoantibodies (TRAbs) - thyroid stimulating autoantibodies (TSAbs) and TSH blocking autoantibodies (TBAbs). It is a very rare condition, particulary in the pediatric age. The clinical state of these patients is determined by the balance between TSAbs and TBAbs and can change over time.

Hematogenic Dissemination of Triple-negative Versus Hormonal Receptor-positive Breast Cancer Cells.

The aim of this study was to characterize the hematogeneous spread, in vivo, of breast cancer (BC) cell lines that express hormonal receptors (HR) comparing with triple-negative (TN) BC, particularly considering the lung and liver. Female Balb/c nu nu mice (n=30) were injected with two breast cancer cell lines (MCF7 and HCC1806). Nuclear medicine imaging with Technetium ((99m)Tc)-hydroxymethylene diphosphonate ((99m)Tc-HMDP) and (99m)Tc-Hexakis 2-methoxy-2-methylpropylisonitrile (MIBI) were performed between the 7th and 8th weeks after injection.

The free and cued selective reminding test: Validation for mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.

The International Working Group on Alzheimer's disease (AD) suggested the free and cued selective reminding test (FCSRT) to assess memory, as it showed high sensitivity and specificity in the differentiation of AD from healthy controls and other dementias. The FCSRT involves the use of selective reminding with semantic cueing in memory assessment. This study aims to validate the FCSRT for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD through the analysis of the diagnostic accuracy and the suggestion of cut-off scores.