Safety of primary nasotracheal intubation in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).

Background: Nasal tracheal intubation (TI) represents a minority of all TI in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). The risks and benefits of nasal TI are not well quantified. As such, safety and descriptive data regarding this practice are warranted.

Utility of a Benchmarking Report for Balancing Infection Prevention and Antimicrobial Stewardship in Children With Complicated Appendicitis.

Objective: To develop a severity-adjusted, hospital-level benchmarking comparative performance report for postoperative organ space infection (OSI) and antibiotic utilization in children with complicated appendicitis.

Background: No benchmarking data exist to aid hospitals in identifying and prioritizing opportunities for infection prevention or antimicrobial stewardship in children with complicated appendicitis.

Methods: This was a multicenter cohort study using National Surgical Quality Improvement Program-Pediatric data from 16 hospitals participating in a regional research consortium, augmented with antibiotic utilization data obtained through supplemental chart review.

Continuous Kidney Replacement Therapy and Survival in Children and Young Adults: Findings From the Multinational WE-ROCK Collaborative.

Rationale & Objective: There are limited studies describing the epidemiology and outcomes in children and young adults receiving continuous kidney replacement therapy (CKRT). We aimed to describe associations between patient characteristics, CKRT prescription, and survival.

Study Design: Retrospective multicenter cohort study.

Nutritional assessment and dietary intervention among survivors of childhood cancer: current landscape and a look to the future.

Over 85% of childhood cancer patients become long-term survivors. Still, cancer and its therapies are associated with a myriad of long-term complications such that childhood cancer survivors (CCS) endure excess disease burden, morbidity, and mortality throughout their lifetimes. Existing literature suggests that CCS maintain poor dietary intake and nutritional status.

Parenting Stress, Community Support, and Unmet Health Care Needs of Children in the US.

Objectives: In 2018, approximately 2.3 million children in the United States had unmet healthcare needs (UHCN). To date, studies examining associations between UHCN and parent stress and support have had limited generalizability.

Reducing transfusion utilization for children with sickle cell anemia in sub-Saharan Africa with hydroxyurea: Analysis from the phase I/II REACH trial.

Children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) in Africa frequently require transfusions for SCA complications. Despite limited blood supplies, strategies to reduce their transfusion needs have not been widely evaluated or implemented. We analyzed transfusion utilization in children with SCA before and during hydroxyurea treatment.

A prospective, controlled multisite trial of yoga in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease.

Aim: To investigate whether a structured yoga program improves health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and self-efficacy in pediatric patients receiving care for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods: IBD patients who were 10-17 years old participated in a 12 week, in-person yoga intervention at two clinical sites. Outcomes were measured at time of consent (T0), start of yoga (T1), and completion of yoga (T2) and 3 months after yoga completion (T3) using the IMPACT-III, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), and General Self Efficacy (GSE) scales.

Postoperative Antibiotics, Outcomes, and Resource Use in Children With Gangrenous Appendicitis.

Importance: Gangrenous, suppurative, and exudative (GSE) findings have been associated with increased surgical site infection (SSI) risk and resource use in children with nonperforated appendicitis. Establishing the role for postoperative antibiotics may have important implications for infection prevention and antimicrobial stewardship.

Objective: To compare SSI rates in children with nonperforated appendicitis with GSE findings who did and did not receive postoperative antibiotics.

Hydroxyurea Adherence for Personal Best in Sickle Cell Treatment (HABIT) efficacy trial: Community health worker support may increase hydroxyurea adherence of youth with sickle cell disease.

Despite disease-modifying effects of hydroxyurea on sickle cell disease (SCD), poor adherence among affected youth commonly impedes treatment impact. Following our prior feasibility trial, the "Hydroxyurea Adherence for Personal Best in Sickle Cell Treatment (HABIT)" multi-site randomized controlled efficacy trial aimed to increase hydroxyurea adherence for youth with SCD ages 10-18 years. Impaired adherence was identified primarily through flagging hydroxyurea-induced fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels compared to prior highest treatment-related HbF.

Longitudinal analysis of blood pressure and lipids in childhood nephrotic syndrome.

Background: In the current study, longitudinal BP and lipid measurements were examined in a NEPTUNE cohort of children with newly diagnosed nephrotic syndrome (cNEPTUNE). We hypothesized that hypertensive BP and dyslipidemia would persist in children with nephrotic syndrome, regardless of steroid treatment response.

Methods: A multi-center longitudinal observational analysis of data obtained from children < 19 years of age with new onset nephrotic syndrome enrolled in the Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network (cNEPTUNE) was conducted.

Validation of the predictive model for operative intervention after blunt abdominal trauma in children with equivocal computed tomography findings: a multi-institutional study.

Background: We recently developed a preliminary predictive model identifying clinical and radiologic factors associated with the need for surgery following blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) in children. Our aim in this study was to further validate the factors in this predictive model in a multi-institutional study.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of pediatric patients from five pediatric trauma centers who experienced BAT between 2011 and 2020 was performed.

Race and Ethnic Group Enrollment and Outcomes for Wilms Tumor: Analysis of the Current Era Children's Oncology Group Study, AREN03B2.

Background: To review race and ethnic group enrollment and outcomes for Wilms tumor (WT) across all 4 risk-assigned therapeutic trials from the current era Children's Oncology Group Renal Tumor Biology and Risk Stratification Protocol, AREN03B2.

Study Design: For patients with WT enrolled in AREN03B2 (2006 to 2019), disease and biologic features, therapeutic study-specific enrollment, and event-free (EFS) and overall (OS) 4-year survival were compared between institutionally reported race and ethnic groups.

Results: Among 5,146 patients with WT, no statistically significant differences were detected between race and ethnic groups regarding subsequent risk-assigned therapeutic study enrollment, disease stage, histology, biologic factors, or overall EFS or OS, except the following variables: Black children were older and had larger tumors at enrollment, whereas Hispanic children had lower rates of diffuse anaplasia WT and loss of heterozygosity at 1p.

Surviving Sepsis Campaign Research Priorities 2023.

Objectives: To identify research priorities in the management, epidemiology, outcome, and pathophysiology of sepsis and septic shock.

Design: Shortly after publication of the most recent Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines, the Surviving Sepsis Research Committee, a multiprofessional group of 16 international experts representing the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine and the Society of Critical Care Medicine, convened virtually and iteratively developed the article and recommendations, which represents an update from the 2018 Surviving Sepsis Campaign Research Priorities.

Methods: Each task force member submitted five research questions on any sepsis-related subject.

A phase 1 study of mebendazole with bevacizumab and irinotecan in high-grade gliomas.

Background: High-grade gliomas (HGG) have a dismal prognosis despite multimodal therapy. Mebendazole is an anti-helminthic benzimidazole that has demonstrated efficacy in numerous in vitro cancer models, and is able to cross the blood-brain barrier. We conducted a phase 1 trial (NCT01837862) to evaluate the safety of mebendazole in combination with bevacizumab and irinotecan in children and young adults with HGG.

Pediatric contributions and lessons learned from the NEPTUNE cohort study.

Primary glomerular diseases are rare entities. This has hampered efforts to better understand the underlying pathobiology and to develop novel safe and effective therapies. NEPTUNE is a rare disease network that is focused on patients of all ages with minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and membranous nephropathy.