Practice patterns of cardiovascular magnetic resonance use in the diagnosis of pediatric myocarditis: A survey-based study.

Background: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is used to diagnose myocarditis in adults and children based on the original Lake Louise criteria (LLC) and more recently the revised LLC. The major change included in the revised LLC was the incorporation of parametric mapping, which significantly increases the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis. Subsequently, scientific statements have recommended the use of parametric mapping in the diagnosis of myocarditis in children.

Characteristics and Outcomes of Children and Young Adults With Sepsis Requiring Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: A Comparative Analysis From the Worldwide Exploration of Renal Replacement Outcomes Collaborative in Kidney Disease (WE-ROCK).

Objectives: Pediatric sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) often requires continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), but limited data exist regarding patient characteristics and outcomes. We aimed to describe these features, including the impact of possible dialytrauma (i.e.

Heat-related illness and sun safety strategies for pediatric populations.

Purpose Of Review: The ongoing rise in temperature poses significant public health concerns such as exposure to extreme heat and increased prevalence of heat-related illnesses. Given that pediatric populations are particularly vulnerable to heat-related risks, pediatricians need to be prepared to counsel caregivers and patients on heat protective strategies and treatment recommendations.

Recent Findings: Children are physiologically susceptible to heat-related complications.

Caffeine intake and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents in the United States.

Background: In adults, caffeine has protective effects against kidney dysfunction and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) but increases the risk of acute blood pressure (BP) elevation and dyslipidemia. These relationships are unclear in adolescents. This study aimed to determine the association between caffeine intake and markers of childhood cardiometabolic risk, hypothesizing that higher caffeine intake would be associated with elevated BP and dyslipidemia but improved kidney function and insulin sensitivity.

Is an Exclusive Human Milk Diet at the Time of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Discharge Adequate to Maintain Growth and Neurodevelopment among Very Preterm Infants?

An exclusive human milk (EHM) diet has numerous benefits. Formula supplementation may be recommended for former preterm infants at the time of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) discharge to meet perceived metabolic demands and caloric goals. Recommendations addressing postdischarge nutrition for very preterm infants (VPTIs) are controversial, as the benefits of human milk supplementation regarding long-term growth, neurodevelopment, and chronic conditions are mixed.

Derivation and Validation of an Optimal Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Cutoff to Predict Stage 2/3 Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in Critically Ill Children.

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) defined by changes in serum creatinine (SCr), or oliguria is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in children who are critically ill. We derived and validated a clinical cutoff value for urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), in a prospective multicenter study of children who were critically ill. We report the clinical performance of urine NGAL (uNGAL) to aid in pediatric AKI risk assessment.

Preinjury and Event-Related Characteristics of Pediatric Firearm Injuries: The American College of Surgeons Firearm Study, United States, March 2021‒February 2022.

To assess differences in contextual factors by intent among pediatric firearm injury patients and determine factors associated with data missingness. We retrospectively queried the American College of Surgeons Firearm Study database (March 1, 2021-February 28, 2022) for patients aged 18 years or younger. We stratified preinjury, firearm-related, and event-related factors by intent and compared them by using Fisher exact, χ, or 1-way analysis of variance testing.

Improving Time to Antibiotics in Patients With Long Bone Open Fractures Presenting to the Pediatric Emergency Department.

Objectives: To evaluate a new triage workflow aimed at improving time to intravenous antibiotics in open fractures to under less than 60 minutes of arrival to the Pediatric Emergency Department.

Design: A prospective, multidisciplinary, quality improvement project.

Setting: A tertiary care, Level 1 pediatric trauma hospital in New York.

Environmental Impact of Traveling to the Annual American Pediatric Surgical Association Meeting.

Purpose: Research has demonstrated negative environmental impacts from in-person conferences. Nonetheless, there are benefits to in-person meetings. The 2023 American Pediatric Surgical Association (APSA) meeting was mostly attended in-person.

Assessing disparities through missing race and ethnicity data: results from a juvenile arthritis registry.

Introduction: Ensuring high-quality race and ethnicity data within the electronic health record (EHR) and across linked systems, such as patient registries, is necessary to achieving the goal of inclusion of racial and ethnic minorities in scientific research and detecting disparities associated with race and ethnicity. The project goal was to improve race and ethnicity data completion within the Pediatric Rheumatology Care Outcomes Improvement Network and assess impact of improved data completion on conclusions drawn from the registry.

Methods: This is a mixed-methods quality improvement study that consisted of five parts, as follows: (1) Identifying baseline missing race and ethnicity data, (2) Surveying current collection and entry, (3) Completing data through audit and feedback cycles, (4) Assessing the impact on outcome measures, and (5) Conducting participant interviews and thematic analysis.

Outcomes in Children Who Undergo Postcardiotomy Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Report From the STS-CHSD.

Background: Children who undergo cardiac surgery may require postcardiotomy extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Although morbidities are considerable, our understanding of outcome determinants is limited. We evaluated associations between patient and perioperative factors with outcomes.

The impact of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor on cystic fibrosis health-related quality of life and decision-making about daily treatment regimens: a mixed methods exploratory study.

Background: Elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) has reduced many symptoms of cystic fibrosis (CF).

Objectives: We sought to identify the impact of ETI on both symptoms and treatment decisions among adults with CF.

Design: Participants were enrolled in a cross-sectional study.

Intravenous Golimumab in Children With Polyarticular-Course Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Long-Term Extension of an Open-Label Phase III Study.

Objective: To report pharmacokinetics (PK), immunogenicity, clinical effect, and safety of intravenous (IV) golimumab in children with active polyarticular-course juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pcJIA) who participated in A Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics, Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Golimumab in Pediatric Participants With Active Polyarticular Course Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Despite Methotrexate Therapy (GO-VIVA)'s open-label, long-term extension (LTE) through week 252.

Methods: GO-VIVA participants who continued IV golimumab (80 mg/m every 8 weeks) after week 52 were included. PK and safety were assessed through week 244 (last dose) and week 252, respectively, and clinical response through week 116.

TikTok and pediatric nephrology: content quality assessment of videos related to pediatric kidney disease and kidney transplant.

Background: Social media platforms such as TikTok™ are key sources of health information for young patients and caregivers. Misinformation is prevalent on TikTok™ across healthcare fields, which can perpetuate false beliefs about medical care. Limited data exists on the reliability of pediatric nephrology TikTok™ content.

Usability Testing Via Simulation: Optimizing the NEAR4PEM Preintubation Checklist With a Human Factors Approach.

Objectives: To inform development of a preintubation checklist for pediatric emergency departments via multicenter usability testing of a prototype checklist.

Methods: This was a prospective, mixed methods study across 7 sites in the National Emergency Airway Registry for Pediatric Emergency Medicine (NEAR4PEM) collaborative. Pediatric emergency medicine attending physicians and senior fellows at each site were first oriented to a checklist prototype, including content previously identified using a modified Delphi approach.

Discordant Perception of Disease Activity Between Providers and Adolescents with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Cohort Study.

Discordance in perception of disease activity between adolescent patients with lupus and their providers may influence disease outcomes. We found that patients endorsed higher perceptions of disease activity than providers. Discordance was present at all levels of disease activity, particularly in patients with high activity, nephritis, and/or taking corticosteroids or mycophenolate mofetil.

Association between underweight status or low body mass index and the risk of developing superior mesenteric artery syndrome following scoliosis corrective surgery in pediatric patients: a review of the literature.

Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is the compression of the third portion of the duodenum between the abdominal aorta and the superior mesenteric artery. Although multifactorial, the most frequent cause of SMA syndrome is significant weight loss and cachexia often induced by catabolic stress. SMA syndrome resulting from scoliosis surgery is caused by a reduction of the aortomesenteric angle and distance.